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Biomedical subjects

H Sarles

Publications and source records attributed to H Sarles.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Spontaneous splenorenal and splenocaval shunts studied by echotomography].

Spontaneous spleno-renal and spleno-caval shunts may be anatomically and functionally important in portal hypertension syndromes, as demonstrated by the distinct opacification of the inferior vena cava observed after portal venography with iodine contrast media. Part of the course of these porto-caval anastomotic vessels can be visualized by ultrasonography opposite the left adrenal gland and in the space between the spleen and the left kidney. The images obtained are characteristic enough for the diagnosis of spleno-renal shunt to be suspected before it is confirmed by portal venography, as was the case in the four patients with hepatic cirrhosis reported by the authors.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Effects of intravenous alcohol on pancreatic and biliary secretion in man.

Two groups of men, nonalcoholics (mean daily alcohol consumption less than 40 g) and alcoholics (mean daily alcohol consumption greater than 100 g) were compared with respect to the effects of intravenous ethanol on hormonally (secretin + CCK) submaximally stimulated pancreatic and bile secretion and chymotrypsin secretion during the basal state and after a Lundh test meal. Intravenous ethanol injection (600 mg/kg) significantly decreased pancreatic secretion of lipase (-74%), chymotrypsin (-78%), volume (-53%), and bicarbonate (-58%) in nonalcoholic but not in alcoholic men: The secretory pattern of the exocrine pancreatic response to an intravenous infusion of ethanol was therefore changes by the regular consumption of ethanol. The chymotrypsin concentration during the basal state was higher in alcoholic than in nonalcoholic men. This difference progressively disappeared after a test meal showing that chronic alcohol consumption modifies more basal than meal-stimulated pancreatic secretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The role of gastric secretion in post-diverted pancreatic hypersecretion in conscious rats.

1. In rats prepared with chronic external pancreatic fistulae, gastric fistulae and choledocho-enterostomy, the volume and protein secretion of pancreatic juice was measured. 2. The pancreatic secretion of water and protein after juice diversion was significantly lower when the gastric fistula was open than when closed. Secretion was abolished after atropine, with the fistula open and in animals with ligated pylori. 3. Intraduodenal HCl significantly raised juice volume and protein in animals with diverted juice when the gastric fistula was open. 4. Soybean trypsin inhibitor produced a significantly smaller elevation of juice volume and protein when the gastric fistula was open. 5. It is concluded that the initial hypersecretion of pancreatic juice and protein, following its diversion from the duodenum, is a consequence of the entry of gastric juice into the intestine.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Physiological conditions for the study of basal and meal stimulated exocrine pancreatic secretion in the dog. Absence of feedback inhibition of basal secretion.

Pancreatic secretion has been studied in dogs in basal and postprandial conditions, as nearly physiological as possible. When pancreatic juice was excluded from the duodenum pancreatic secretion was not raised, compared with secretion during the return of juice to the duodenum. In fact, in seven mongrels, returning pancreatic juice led a transient rise in pancreatic secretion. This was not seen in five beagles. These results indicate that dogs do not manifest the feedback control of pancreatic secretion by pancreatic juice observed in other species. Pancreatic secretory activity was determined in 10 dogs after stimulation by food. The highest secretion rates occurred during the initial 60 min. The maximal secretion of protein occurred before the maximal secretion of fluid and bicarbonate. The effect of the meal diminished slowly during the subsequent minutes but did not reach basal levels after 2 h. In physiological conditions, maximal pancreatic secretion of fluid and bicarbonate was about one-fifth and of protein was almost one-seventh of the maximal secretory capacity obtained with secretin and cholecystokinin, respectively. Potential specific activity of trypsinogen was unchanged during the different experimental conditions. Trypsinogen output represented a constant average of 20% of protein output. The interindividual variability of pancreatic secretion rates was reduced when outputs were expressed per kilogram of body weight. In general, a significant positive correlation was found between body weight and the secretory outputs. No differences were observed in the response of mongrel and beagle dogs to a meal.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Clinico-pathological conditions associated with pancreas divisum.

Nonfusion of the pancreatic ducts (pancreas divisum) was diagnosed in 41 of 812 patients in whom ERCP provided a definite diagnosis (5.04% of cases). Pancreas divisum was significantly associated with diseases of the pancreas. Chronic pancreatitis was less frequently observed in cases of pancreas divisum whereas acute pancreatitis, especially acute recurrent pancreatitis, was statistically more frequently seen in patients in whom the anomaly was present. These results support the hypothesis that pancreas divisum favours the development of acute pancreatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Salivary secretion in chronic pancreatitis with special reference to albumin and lactoferrin.

Saliva from one parotid gland was collected under citric acid stimulation in three groups consisting of 69 control subjects and two groups consisting of 25 patients with chronic and relapsing chronic pancreatitis. Mixed saliva was collected under mechanical stimulation from 10 patients and 6 control subjects. Flow rates and the contents of bicarbonate, amylase and protein were determined. In a subgroup of patients and controls albumin and lactoferrin were measured. Wide inter- and intraindividual variations of secretory values were observed and normal values (which are reported in detail) were highly dependent from conditions of stimulation. Secretory patterns were not significantly different between patients and control subjects. It is concluded that the alterations leading to an elevation of albumin and lactoferrin and a fall in other secretory values are restricted to the exocrine pancreas and do not affect salivary glands in chronic pancreatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Early increased pancreatic secretory capacity during alcohol adaptation in the dog.

Pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate and protein in response to graded secretin administration with and without concomitant 5 micrograms . kg-1 . h-1 atropine was examined in gastric and duodenal fistula dogs after 6 and 12 months of 2 g.kg-1.day-1 ethanol intake. Maximal responses of water and bicarbonate were significantly increased after 6 months of alcohol treatment compared with untreated animals, from 12.3 to 18.1 ml/10 min for volumes and from 1.76 to 2.63 meq/10 min for bicarbonate outputs. No further increase occurred during the following 6 months. The sensitivity to secretin was not changed, and the atropine dose did not affect the responses. The protein output in the untreated dogs was constant at 12.8 mg/10 min at all secretin doses and was reduced by 50% by concomitant atropine. Long-term administration of ethanol seemed to induce a dose-related increase of the protein response to secretin, the maximal output being 30.9 mg/10 min. The infused dose of atropine shifted the dose-response relationship to the right, thus making it more evident. Six months' alcohol treatment thus increased the secretory capacity of the pancreas in response to secretin. The increased volume and bicarbonate responses are best explained by the previously described neogenesis of ducts in alcohol-fed dogs. The increased protein response is assumedly due to the here-described appearance of acinar cell responsiveness to secretin.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Disappearance of an inhibitory factor of exocrine pancreas secretion in chronic alcoholic dogs.

In non-alcoholic dogs the exocrine pancreatic response to caerulein, but not to urecholine or secretin alone, was increased by atropine. This indicated a pancreatic inhibition triggered by the caerulein stimulation and blocked by atropine. The present aim was to examine whether atropine had a similar action on the caerulein-stimulated pancreatic secretion in dogs submitted to long-term alcohol feeding. Alcohol-fed dogs showed an increased volume and bicarbonate response to submaximal caerulein but a non-modified protein response as compared with the responses before alcohol adaptation. The elevated water and bicarbonate responses were not further enhanced by atropine, which, in contrast, enhanced the responses of normal dogs to such an extent as to equalize their responses with those of the treated dogs. Atropine, 5 micrograms X kg-1 X h-1, enhanced similar protein responses to submaximal caerulein more in normal than in alcohol-fed dogs, but with an eightfold higher atropine dose no enhance was produced in dogs alcohol-fed for 36 months. This dose of atropine still evoked a small and similar enhancement in the normal and 9-month-treated dogs. The enhancing action of atropine on caerulein-stimulated secretion, present in normal dogs, hence diminishes and finally disappears as a result of chronic alcohol feeding.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1982

[Primary odditis. Clinical features, therapy, and possible pathogenesis (author's transl)].

Primary odditis, a rare affection, was observed in 28 patients (15 women and 13 men) with a mean age of 56.4 years. Epigastric or right hypochondrial pain was the presenting symptom in 13 cases, while in 13 others the onset was heralded by jaundice, either of a chronic nature (2 cases) or of the pseudo-lithiasic type (11 cases). The pancreatic form is much less frequent (2 cases). Radiological and histological findings are compared with those described in the published literature. All patients demonstrated a specific psychosomatic profile. Primary odditis can be reproduced experimentally in dogs by chronic irritation of the right splanchnic nerve, this acting on a nerve circuit which includes the right splanchnic and left vagus nerves. It is suggested that such lesions are secondary to a "nervous irritation" (Reilly's phenomenon). Treatment of primary odditis is by surgery only, sphincterectomy giving the best results, though choledochoduodenal anastomosis is also effective in elderly patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Pancreatic basal secretion in alcohol-fed and normal dogs.

Biochemical, histological, and crystallographic studies were carried out on basal pancreatic secretion of 4 dogs fed alcohol for 12-15 months and 11 control dogs. The results in alcohol-fed dogs when compared to normals showed that: (1) protein concentration was higher, (2) fluid was decreased; (3) conductivity was decreased leading to differences in ionic distribution: Cl- and H+ ion concentrations increased, HCO3 concentrations and output decreased, total Ca, Mg, and Zn soluble in the juice did not change and therefore Ca, Mg, and Zn to protein ratios decreased. In the basal secretion of alcoholic dogs, numerous plugs were found of which three components were identified: (1) cells mostly of ductal origin; (2) calcium already crystallized; (3) protein material in the center of these plugs. Thus a change in Donan equilibrium led to modifications of protein and calcium solubilities with formation of precipitates. These findings are relevant to the study of chronic pancreatitis due to alcohol consumption.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Response of the exocrine pancreas to graded doses of secretin in calcium-treated and normal dogs.

Persisting modifications induced by repeated intravenous calcium infusion (acute hypercalcaemia) were investigated in 6 Thomas fistula dogs: 4 controls and 4 calcium-treated dogs, two of which were studied as controls. (a) The pancreatic response to graded doses of synthetic secretin (water and bicarbonate outputs) was significantly reduced in calcium-treated dogs when compared with controls. As both the D50 for secretin-induced response increased, and the maximal secretory response decreased, if may be concluded that calcium treatment decreased the sensitivity of duct cells to secretin and reduced their secretory capacity. (b) A similar dose-response relationship was observed between secretin and pancreatic calcium outputs in controls and calcium-treated dogs. The secretin induced pancreatic calcium secretion was independent of protein secretion and latter not being modified by secretin. Thus it may be assumed that the secretory fluid calcium originated form a protein independent pool and had a dose-dependent relationship to secretin. (c) These results help to illuminate the aetiology of chronic pancreatitis induced by acute hypercalcaemia and by hyperparathyroidism.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Relationship between intravenous ethanol, alcohol-induced inhibition of pancreatic secretion and plasma concentration of immunoreactive pancreatic polypeptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and somatostatin in man.

We have studied in seven men, consuming less than 50 g alcohol daily, the effect of intravenous (i.v.) ethanol on (a) hormonally (secretin + CCK PZ) submaximally stimulated pancreatic secretion and (b) blood levels of pancreatic polypeptide (PP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and somatostatin. After intravenous ethanol (600 mg/kg), pancreatic secretion decreased in all subjects and plasma levels of PP and VIP increased significantly. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between the mean inhibition of chymotrypsin output and the mean increase in PP plasma levels during the first 45 min following ethanol infusion. Therefore i.v. infusion of alcohol elicits release of PP and VIP and PP release could explain in part at least the alcohol-induced pancreatic inhibition observed in non-alcoholic men.

Chymotrypsin↗
PubMed1981

Dose-dependent, and long-lasting, effects of repeated intravenous injections of calcium on the canine secretin-stimulated pancreatic juice secretion.

The effects of repeated intravenous calcium administration on pancreatic juice secretion were investigated in four Thomas fistula dogs. During stimulation by 1.0 U kg-1h-1 GIH secretin, three Ca doses were administered: 2, 4 and 8 mu mol kg-1 min-1 during 1 h, saline being used in control tests; one dose only was tested per day. It was found that Ca administration induced both acute and long-lasting effects. Acute effects were characterized by an increased response to secretin stimulation. Fluid, HCO3(-), protein and Ca outputs increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner, the increase of protein output being the most dramatic. Long-lasting effects, until now unrecognized, were characterized by a progressive increase of protein secretion during the first hour of secretin stimulation. This increase kept going during the 3 months of repeated calcium injections. Although protein plugs were observed in the juice, sometimes stopping the flow of juice, no pancreatic lesion was found. A second protocol showed that, after discontinuing calcium injections, the long-lasting effects decreased progressively, but protein hypersecretion was still significant 3.5 months later. The importance of these findings regarding chronic pancreatitis due to hyperparathyroidism is discussed.

Animals↗