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Biomedical subjects

H Sarles

Publications and source records attributed to H Sarles.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Multicenter survey of the etiology of pancreatic diseases. Relationship between the relative risk of developing chronic pancreaitis and alcohol, protein and lipid consumption.

The relationship between the average daily intake of alcohol and the risk of developing chronic pancreatitis was studied in two surveys, one in Marseille (France), the other in 9 centers, in Caucasian-populated countries. In the latter survey, the interactions between alcohol, protein and fat consumption and the risk of chronic pancreatitis have also been statistically analyzed. These studies were performed with hierarchical log-linear models for contingency tables, the relative odds being taken as an approximation of the relative risk. It has been shown that there is no apparent threshold of toxicity of alcohol on the human pancreas. The logarithm of the relative risk of chronic pancreatitis increases linearly as a function of the quantity of alcohol and protein consumed, and varies quadratically as a function of average daily lipid intake (a low- or high-lipid diet increases the risk of developing chronic pancreatitis in comparison to an average-fat diet (85--110 g fat per day). The effects on log-relative risk of alcohol, fat and protein daily consumption are additive. In Marseille, the average duration of alcohol consumption before the appearance of symptoms is 18 +/- 11 years for males and 11 +/- 8 years for females, which is much shorter than the duration of alcohol consumption before onset of symptoms in cirrhotic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Pancreatic dose-response curves to cholecystokinin determined by two techniques in dogs.

Dose-response (DR) curves for pancreatic flow rate, bicarbonate and protein output to cholecystokinin (CCK) were determined by two techniques in six conscious dogs with gastric and duodenal Thomas fistulas. With the continuous DR technique G.I.H. CCK was given by intravenous infusion in doses from 0.75 to 24 Ivy dog units (U) kg(-1) . h(-1), starting with the lowest dose and doubling the dose every 45 min. With the single DR technique only one dose of CCK was infused on each test day. All studies were done with a fixed background of secretin (1 CU kg(-1) . h(-1)). The protein output of the two consecutive 15-min collection periods during 15 to 45 min after starting each CCK dose was taken as the index of response. The dose-response curves for pancreatic flow rate and bicarbonate output did not differ with the two techniques. The maximal protein output was higher with the single DR than with the continuous DR technique. This study suggests that the appropriate method for studying maximal pancreatic protein output is the single DR technique.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[The effect of a synthetic anticholinergic agent, N-methyl hyoscine methyl sulfate, on the exocrine pancreatic secretion of the alert dog].

The inhibitory action of N-methyl hyoscine methyl sulphate (N-methyl scopolamine, an anticholinergic drug) has been studied on the exocrine pancreatic secretion stimulated by secretin + caerulein on the conscious dog provided with Thomas cannulae. The dose-response curve shows an "all or nothing" effect on protein secretion since 0.38 microgram/kg. The inhibition of water and bicarbonate secretion is only observed from 12 micrograms/kg. The inhibitory effect of this drug was much greater than that obtained with similar molar quantities of atropine and no central effect has been observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Pancreatic dose-response curves to cholecystokinin in dogs (author's transl)].

Dose-response (DR) curves for pancreatic flow rate, bicarbonate and protein output to cholecystokinin (CCK) were determined by two techniques in 3 conscious dogs with gastric and duodenal Thomas fistulas. With the continuous DR technique the dose of CCK was doubled each 45 minutes and with the single DR technique, only one dose of CCK was infused on each test day. The dose-response curves for pancreatic flow rate and bicarbonate output did not differ with the two techniques. The maximal protein output was higher with the single DR than with the continuous DR technique.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Action of oleic acid on the exocrine pancreatic secretion of the conscious rat: evidence for an anti-cholecystokinin-pancreozymin factor.

The effects on exocrine pancreatic secretion of an intraduodenal infusion of oleic acid (2 ml in 60 min) has been assessed in conscious rats provided with a new type of duodenal cannula permitting the normal flow of pancreatic juice, but not of bile, between experiments.1. Intraduodenal oleic acid infusion induces an increased secretion of water and bicarbonate which is still significantly above basal values 90 min after the end of infusion. Protein output increased during the infusion, but protein concentration and output significantly decreased under basal levels 120 min and 150 min after infusion (respectively -63 and -57% of basal values at 150 min).2. No inhibition was found when oleic acid was introduced into the caecum or into the first 20 cm of ileum isolated from the rest of small intestine. On the contrary, inhibition of protein secretion was induced immediately by intra-ileal oleic acid infusion.3. Inhibition of protein secretion secondary to intra-ileal oleic acid infusion was transmitted from a donor rat to a receiver rat by means of a cross-circulation.4. It is concluded that oleic acid induces an immediate and long lasting increase in water and bicarbonate secretion. During the infusion of oleic acid, protein output is increased, followed by an inhibition. This delayed inhibition stems from the second part of the small intestine and was transferred from one rat to another by cross-circulation: it is speculated that oleic acid releases in the conscious rat (from the distal part of the small intestine) a hormonal factor inhibiting pancreatic secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Alcohol and the pancreas.

Chronic pancreatitis is frequently observed in men drinking approximately 2 g-kg-1 day-1 during a mean of 17 years. The diet of these patients is abnormally rich in fat and protein. Giving alcohol and a similar diet to dogs and rats, it has been possible to reproduce chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. In men, dogs and rats, the first lesion seems to be the precipitation of the normal proteins of pancreatic juice into the ducts. Experimentally, chronic alcohol consumption is responsible for the section of a pancreatic juice which has an abnormally high concentration of proteins. This functional modification is partly hormonal but mostly due to cholinergic nerves.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1977

Chronic alcohol consumption does not modify cholecystokinin blood levels estimated by bioassay in the dog.

Blood levels of cholecystokinin (CCK) were estimated by a bioassay on in vitro rabbit gallbladder in two series of dogs; 5 dogs receiving daily, for 12--18 months, 2g kg-1 ethanol through a gastric cannula and 5 control dogs which did not receive ethanol. CCK-like activity is no different in either group, neither in the fasting state nor after intraduodenal injection of oleic acid or intragastric injection of ethanol.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1977

A study of the variations in the response regarding duodenal ulcer when treated with placebo by different investigators.

Four series of duodenal ulcer patients presenting with pain have been treated with two types of placebos (intramuscular injections or tablets) by 4 different physicians while a fifth group of patients did not receive any treatment. Patients noted the number of days with pain since the beginning of the test by themselves. All patients treated with placebo presented with a significantly shorter duration of pain than untreated patients. There was a significant difference between the actions of the different physicians on the duration of pain. This suggests that some, until now unprecised, character(s) of the physician plays an important part in the relief of duodenal ulcer pain.

Adult↗