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Biomedical subjects

H Sano

Publications and source records attributed to H Sano.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Nitric oxide releasing reagent, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, enhances the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase mRNA in rat vascular smooth muscle cells.

Cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) produce nitric oxide (NO) under stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). NO synthase (NOS) and manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) mRNA expressions are simultaneously induced by these stimulants in rat VSMCs. In VSMCs, S-nitroso-N-acetyl penicillamine (SNAP), one of the NO releasing reagents, induces Mn-SOD mRNA which may protect the VSMCs themselves. This suggests that NO itself may enhance the expression of Mn-SOD to protect the VSMC themselves against NO radicals in cultured rat VSMCs.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Synthesized surface anatomy scanning (SSAS) for surgical planning of brain metastasis at the sensorimotor region: initial experience with 5 patients.

Surface anatomy scanning (SAS) is a powerful technique that uses T2-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI) to visualize brain surface structures, and to precisely localize subcortical lesions. To overcome technical limitations of this method, synthesized SAS (SSAS) superimposes MR angiography (MRA) data on the SAS images. We describe our initial experience with surgical planning for the resection of metastases at the sensorimotor region in 5 patients using SSAS. Neurological deficits were assessed before and after surgical resection. Although 4 of 5 patients had mild to severe neurological deficits before surgery, three became symptom-free and no patient had an increased deficit after surgery. Our results undoubtedly provide palliative surgery for sensorimotor metastases. As SSAS is non-invasive and requires a short scanning time, this method could become a useful technique for the routine pre-operative simulation for surgery on brain surface lesions such as sensorimotor metastases.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Deep hypothermia cardiopulmonary bypass and direct surgery of two large aneurysms at the vertebro-basilar junction.

This paper highlights two interesting cases of radial clipping of large aneurysms at the vertebro-basilar junction accompanied by a vascular anomaly, consisting of fenestration of the split basilar artery at its origin. Description of the inner and outer surface of the aneurysm were obtained pre-operatively, from analysis by 3D CT and 3D CT endoscopy of the form of the neck, parent vessels of the vertebral arteries on both sides, basilar artery and split basilar artery, as well as other details of branching. The neck exhibited a broad base in both cases. The height of the neck extended to the internal acoustic meatus, and it was possible to expose the circumference of the aneurysmal neck, peripheral basilar artery and both vertebral arteries proximally with an anterior, transpetrosal approach. Based on the size of the aneurysm and the site being the anterior surface of the brain stem, clipping (consisting of interruption of the occluded portion and reconstruction of the parent vessels) was performed. In the first case it was achieved protecting the brain by hypothermia and barbiturates under deep hypothermia with extracorporal circulation, and in the second case, a state of circulatory arrest was used. This paper documents the report of two cases along with other cases treated so far.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Pseudoaneurysm of the cystic artery associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Pseudoaneurysm of the cystic artery is a cause of hemobilia, and is extremely rare, with only eight cases having been reported in the world literature. We report a case of pseudoaneurysm of the cystic artery in a 72-year-old Japanese man. The patient experienced epigastric pain and melena, and was found to have jaundice and liver dysfunction. Repeated gastroendoscopy did not reveal the cause of the alimentary tract bleeding; however, color-Doppler ultrasonography detected an aneurysm of the cystic artery in the gallbladder. Selective hepatic arteriography demonstrated that the posterior branch of the cystic artery was markedly dilated and that an aneurysm had formed in the midst of the artery. We diagnosed hemobilia due to the pseudoaneurysm of the cystic artery, and associated gastrointestinal bleeding. Cholecystectomy was performed immediately. Pathologically, the gallbladder showed acute calculous cholecystitis. This case emphasizes the importance of including hemobilia in the differential diagnosis whenever gastrointestinal bleeding is associated with signs of biliary disorder; color-Doppler imaging is a favorable modality for the diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm of the cystic artery.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Morphological study of cytotoxicity produced by PSK-induced polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton.

The morphologic changes in PMNs induced by an i.p. injection of PSK, a polysaccharide from the mycelia of Coriolus versicolor, and tumor cells undergoing cell death, were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining and electron microscopy. Male C3H/He mice, 8-10 -weeks old, received an i.p. injection of 125 mg/kg of PSK. Their PMNs were obtained 6 h after the PSK injection by peritoneal lavage. N-CWS (Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton) was added at the start of the chromium release assay using the MM46 mammary carcinoma cell line, which is syngeneic to C3H/He mice, as target cells. During the cytotoxic assay, the cells were fixed at various time points. The MM46 cells expressed ICAM-1 while the PMNs expressed both ICAM-1 and LFA-1 as determined by immunohistochemical staining and immunoelectron microscopy using anti-ICAM-1 and anti-LFA-1 antibodies. PMNs with ruffle-like microvilli adhered to the MM46 tumor cells 30 min after the addition of N-CWS. Immunoelectron microscopic findings suggested that the adhesion molecules were LFA-1 on the PMNs and ICAM-1 on the MM46 tumor cells, but cell fusion between the PMNs and tumor cells was not observed. The MM46 tumor cells gradually lost their microvilli, which showed cell damage, and died 6-7 h after the addition of the N-CWS. This time course of tumor cell death is compatible with the results of the cytotoxic assay. Pretreatment of PMNs by anti-LFA-1 antibody suppressed 1% lysis of MM46 tumor cells from 90% to 10% (p < 0.01). These data suggest that adhesion molecule on the surface of PMNs such as LFA-1 might play an important role on signal transduction of these PMNs cytotoxic function in this experimental system.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1996

Induction of gene expression for nitric oxide synthase by immunomodulating drugs in the RAW264.7 murine macrophage cell line.

We have elucidated the direct effects of PSK (a protein-bound polysaccharide) and OK-432 (a streptococcal preparation), both immunomodulating drugs, on the gene expression for an inducible nitric oxide synthase and on the production of nitric oxide (NO) in the RAW264.7 murine macrophage cell line. As determined by northern blot analysis, both immunomodulating drugs were potent inducers of gene expression for inducible NO synthase when cells were costimulated with interferon-gamma (IFN gamma). Expression of mRNA for the enzyme occurred in a dose-dependent manner after 3 h, when 10-50 micrograms/ml PSK or 0.001-1 KE/ml OK-432 was used. Furthermore, NO was also produced in response to these drugs, as detected by the Griess reagent reaction. The enhancement of NO synthesis was thought to be mediated, in part, through tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) induction by these agents, since a neutralizing antibody to TNF alpha significantly suppressed NO production in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with PSK or OK432 in combination with IFN gamma. We speculate that NO production may play a role in tumoricidal and microbicidal activities of PSK or OK-432 in vivo.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1996

Efficacy of in vitro sensitized cells generated by in vivo priming with OK-432 for adoptive immunotherapy of the poorly immunogenic B16-Bl6 melanoma.

We investigated the efficacy of the streptococcal preparation OK-432 as an adjuvant for in vivo priming in induction of sensitized cells for adoptive immunotherapy of the poorly immunogenic B16-BL6 (BL6) melanoma. C57BL/6 (B6) mice were immunized subcutaneously (s.c.) with 3 x 10(6) viable BL6 tumor cells admixed with various doses of OK-432 ranging from 1 to 100 micrograms in the foot-pad. Draining popliteal lymph nodes (LNs) were harvested 7 days after immunization and LN cells were further sensitized with irradiated tumor cells in the presence of 60-300 IU/ml of IL-2 for 11 days. These in vitro sensitized (IVS) cells (2 x 10(6)) were transferred intravenously (i.v.) to B6 mice bearing 4-day pulmonary metastases established by i.v. injection of 2-4 x 10(5) viable BL6 cells. The mice were also received intraperitoneally (i.p.) 4 x 10(4) IU/day of IL-2 for 4 days after adoptive transfer. Transfer of IVS cells from mice immunized by s.c. injection of tumor cells admixed with 10 micrograms of OK-432 significantly reduced the numbers of BL6 pulmonary metastases compared with that of control IVS' cells without the administration of OK-432 (P = 0.003). These effective IVS cells also significantly prolonged the survival of treated animals (P = 0.003). Functional IVS cells required in vitro stimulation with tumor cells. However, addition of OK-432 in the vaccine resulted in no enhancement of in vitro cytotoxicity and no characteristic change of phenotype of IVS cells. These results suggest that in vivo priming of OK-432 facilitates the sensitization of tumor-reactive T-cells. The procedure of in vivo priming with OK-432 may be beneficial in the adoptive immunotherapy of melanoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Regional bond strengths of resins to human root dentine.

OBJECTIVES: The demand for restoration of root dentine defects such as cervical erosion and root caries has significantly increased recently, but there is limited information on the performance of the adhesive resins to radicular dentine. The purpose of this study was to measure the regional tensile bond strength (TBS) of composite bonded to human root and coronal dentine, and to observe the interface between resin and root dentine by SEM. METHODS: Human extracted cuspid teeth were used to measure TBS with a new microtensile bond test. Enamel and cementum were removed from the labial tooth surfaces to form a long cavity preparation into dentine from the mid-crown to the apex of the root within the same tooth. All Bond 2 (all etch technique) or Imperva Bond (no etch) was bonded to dentine surfaces and covered with Protect Liner resin composite. The resin-bonded teeth were serially sliced into 16 sections at right angles to the long axis of the tooth, and the bonded surfaces were trimmed to give a bonded surface area of 1 mm2 for TBS testing. RESULTS: All Bond 2 bond strengths to coronal and apical dentine showed high values (23.5 MPa) but the bond strength was significantly lower on cervical root dentine. Imperva Bond produced a relatively high tensile bond strength to all regional areas. SEM showed that the thickness of the resin-infiltrated layer formed by All Bond 2 in root dentine was less than coronal areas. Resin infiltration with Imperva Bond was always less than 0.5 micron. The results suggest that high TBS values can be obtained with minimal resin infiltration in root dentine.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1996

Stimulative effect of epinephrine on glucose production and utilization rates in sheep using a stable isotope.

The rates of the production and utilization of blood glucose were measured during intravenous epinephrine infusion (2.0 nmol kg-1 min-1 for 1 hr) in sheep. An isotope dilution method with an infusion of [U-13C]glucose and nonsteady-state equations were used for the determination of blood glucose kinetics. Heart rate and concentrations of blood glucose, plasma free fatty acids, and lactate increased (P < 0.01), whereas plasma insulin concentrations tended to decrease (P < 0.06) during epinephrine infusion. The blood glucose turnover rate was 1.9 +/- 0.1 mg kg-1 min-1 before epinephrine infusion. The rate of blood glucose production increased (P < 0.01) to 6.4 +/- 0.5 mg kg-1 min-1 at 20 min after the initiation of epinephrine infusion. The blood glucose utilization rate increased (P < 0.05) gradually and reached 4.1 +/- 1.2 mg kg-1 min-1 at 60 min after the initiation of epinephrine infusion. These results suggest that in sheep, epinephrine stimulates the rates of both the production and the utilization of blood glucose and that hyperglycemia induced by epinephrine infusion is mainly due to a rapid enhancement in the rate of the production of blood glucose.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Effects of new titanium cerebral aneurysm clips on MRI and CT images.

We studied the effects of newly developed aneurysm clips made of a titanium alloy (manufactured by Aesculap, A.G.) on the quality of MR and CT images. Prior to clinical application in twenty patients, the effects of five types of conventional aneurysmal clips on MR images were examined utilizing a phantom. When compared with conventional aneurysm clips, the new titanium clips produce only limited artifacts and yielded improved images in patients who underwent aneurysm clipping post-operative.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Stereoscopic synthesized brain-surface imaging with MR angiography for localization of a peripheral mycotic aneurysm: case report.

A patient with subacute bacterial endocarditis and a peripheral mycotic aneurysm is presented. We used a combined multi-slice surface anatomy scanning (SAS) and contrast-enhanced MR angiography image to determine the exact location of the small lesion by applying a skin marker on the scalp and visualizing the relationship of the marker to the brain surface structures and to the lesion. This technique was useful for the removal of a small peripheral aneurysm using only a limited craniotomy.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Clinical usefulness of 3-D CT endoscopic imaging of cerebral aneurysms.

Usefulness of endoscopic imaging of cerebral aneurysms is presented. 3-D luminal images were obtained using a new processing technique which extracts CT numbers in the boundary region between the vessel wall and contrast media filled in the vascular lumen. Clinical application of this technique to complicated large cerebral aneurysms showed that, with this 3-D CT endoscopic imaging, anatomical details of cerebral aneurysms such as the orifice of the aneurysm, intraluminal thrombus, and calcification of the wall could be clearly demonstrated. Using a 3-D imaging method by Helical CT virtual views of various surgical approaches were compared preoperatively. With this technique, not only virtual surgical views of aneurysms and related vasculature, but also surgical views after virtual resection of skull base bone to a desirable extent are freely available. We operated on two large, complicated aneurysms and one broad-based aneurysm after obtaining 3-D CT endoscopic images of the aneurysms. Such information was found to be very useful for determining difficult and complicated cerebral aneurysms and broad-based aneurysms for coil embolization or direct open surgery.

Angioscopy↗
PubMed1996

Surgical treatment of internal carotid siphon aneurysms.

Surgical treatment of internal carotid artery aneurysms around the carotid siphon is discussed. The surgical approach to the aneurysms in this region, is as follows: 1. A fronto-temporal approach with the patient in a 45 degrees semi-sitting position to decrease venous pressure. 2. A Dolenc approach cutting a part of the dura mater of the superior orbital fissure to facilitate removal of the anterior clinoid process and unroofing of the optic canal. 3. Opening the medial triangle followed by transection of the optic canal dural sheath. Carotid siphon aneurysms can be divided into three groups anatomically; aneurysms of the ophthalmic segment (C2), those of the clinoid segment (C3), and those of the horizontal segment (C4). We present 29 cases of aneurysms arising from the C2 or C2/3 segment, 14 cases arising from the C3 or C3/4 segment, and 11 cases arising from the C4 segment. Anatomic localization of the aneurysms was established preoperatively by angiography and three-dimensional CT imaging. Small aneurysms of the ophthalmic segment projecting infero-medially can be clipped using a contralateral approach via the prechiasmatic root. Aneurysms of the ophthalmic segment projecting superiorly can be clipped following resection of the anterior clinoid process. The clinoid process should be resected intradurally with direct visualization of the aneurysms. Straight side-angled clips are suitable for these aneurysms. Carotid cave aneurysms, which include aneurysms of the ophthalmic segment oriented infero-medially and of the clinoid segment projecting postero-medially, can be clipped using curved fenestrated clips via Dolenc's extradural approach. For accurate clipping, opening of the medial triangle and full mobilization of the IC at the clinoid segment and optic nerve by unroofing the optic canal are required. Aneurysms of the horizontal portion are clipped after full exposure of the artery in the cavernous sinus only when the aneurysms are large and symptomatic. We used the fronto-temporal and Dolenc approaches and applied fenestrated clips to aneurysms oriented or postero-medially and straight or oblique clips to aneurysms projecting antero-laterally. Out of 40 aneurysms which underwent surgical clipping, 37 resulted in good post-operative recovery. There were three deaths secondary to complications of vasospasm and three cases with post-operative visual loss. The classification of these aneurysms and the surgical techniques we employed are discussed in detail.

Carotid Artery Diseases↗
PubMed1996

New jet irrigation bipolar system.

Irrigation bipolar systems are particularly useful for the washout of hematomas in subarachnoid hemorrhage during the acute stage of surgery and for preventing adherence of tissue to the bipolar tips during coagulation. These systems have become essential tools, and numerous improvements have been made to them. First, regarding the flow volume, both the interval of droplets and the size of individual water droplets can be adjusted. Second, this system is equipped with two major functions. The first is a preirrigation function, in which a small amount of irrigation water flows before operation of the bipolar coagulation. This wets the bipolar tips, eliminating any heat remaining from the previous use. Another function is postirrigation; after the coagulation has stopped, continuous irrigation is quickly provided to achieve a standby state by cooling down the tissue and the tips of the bipolar forceps. By using both of these functions, mild coagulation without adherence of burned tissue and clots to the bipolar forceps and minimization of residual heat during frequent use can be achieved. This article describes the new jet irrigation bipolar system and the use of an actual system that combines jet irrigation functions with the new cooling functions.

Electrocoagulation↗
PubMed1996

Sequencing of a 65 kb region of the Bacillus subtilis genome containing the lic and cel loci, and creation of a 177 kb contig covering the gnt-sacXY region.

Within the framework of an international project for the sequencing of the entire Bacillus subtilis genome, this paper communicates the sequencing of a chromosome region containing the lic and cel loci (65 kb), which creates a 177 kb contig covering the region from gnt to sacXY. This 65 kb region contains 64 ORFs (62 complete and two partial genes). The 14th, 15th and 17th genes correspond to licT, licS and katE, encoding the antiterminator for licS transcription, beta-glucanase (lichenase) and catalase 2, respectively. The 11th, 30th, 36th, 39th, 41st, 45th-48th, 51st and 58th genes are designated deaD, pepT, galE, aldY, msmX, cydABCD, sigY and katX because their products probably encode ATP-dependent RNA helicase, tripeptidase, UDP-glucose 4-epimerase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, multiple sugar-binding transport ATP-binding protein, the respective components of cytochrome d ubiquinol oxidase and ATP-binding cassette transporter, sigma-factor of RNA polymerase and catalase, respectively. The 60th-64th genes are celRABCD, which are probably involved in cellobiose utilization. Gene organization and gene features in the gnt-sacXY region are discussed.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1996

Case report: multiple cancers: hepatocellular carcinoma and adenocarcinomas of the common bile duct and the gall-bladder in a woman with primary biliary cirrhosis.

We present a case of primary biliary cirrhosis associated with simultaneous triple cancers: a hepatocellular carcinoma and adenocarcinomas of the common bile duct and gall-bladder. A 70 year old Japanese woman, who had been diagnosed with primary biliary cirrhosis (stage 2 by Scheuer) 15 years before, was admitted to Koseiren Kamo Hospital in a comatose state. Laboratory data were as follows: the ammonia level was high (164.0 micrograms/dL), the antimitochondrial antibody showed a 320-fold increase, a high level of alpha-fetoprotein was indicated (2677 ng/mL), hepatitis B surface antigen was negative and hepatitis C antibody by enzyme immunoassay was negative, although a test for the RNA of hepatitis C virus by polymerase chain reaction was positive (10(3.5) copies/50 microL). The patient's condition gradually worsened and the patient died of liver failure. Autopsy showed triple cancers in the liver (hepatocellular carcinoma; trabecular type, moderately differentiated), the common bile duct (well-differentiated papillary adenocarcinoma) and the gall-bladder (well-differentiated papillary adenocarcinoma) with primary biliary cirrhosis (stage 4). Primary biliary cirrhosis has been believed to be a low risk for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, despite the high risk of extrahepatic malignancy. The simultaneous occurrence of triple cancers with primary biliary cirrhosis, to the best of our knowledge, has never been reported. The present case may provide additional evidence for a predisposition to malignancy in primary biliary cirrhosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗