Beyond silver staining.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to H Saluz.
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We describe a method that permits the study of the state of cytosine methylation and of in vivo protein-DNA interactions in higher eukaryotes. This powerful technique is applicable to any gene of interest at the single-copy level. To study DNA methylation, the total uncloned genomic DNA, digested with a restriction endonuclease is subjected to a cytosine-specific hydrazine reaction and chemical cleavage. The DNA fragments of interest are linearly amplified with Taq polymerase and a sequence-specific radioactivity labeled synthetic primer. Following amplification, the DNA fragments are separated on a sequencing gel that is directly autoradiographed. To study protein-DNA interactions in vivo, we use a similar method, except that the DNA of interest is isolated from cells treated either with dimethyl sulfate or UV light. The resolution power of this technique is demonstrated by two examples, which have been studied previously by the conventional methods of genomic sequencing and "footprinting."
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The secondary activation of the avian vitellogenin II gene in isolated liver nuclei by cytoplasmatic liver extracts of estradiol-treated chicks is accompanied by the binding of a protein from the extract to the structural part of the cloned gene. Both the DNA-binding and gene-stimulatory activities, which cochromatograph on heparin-Sepharose, are apparently present only in the cytoplasmatic liver extracts of estradiol-treated roosters and in the oviduct extracts of egg-laying hens. DNA-binding competition assays combined with exonuclease III footprinting showed that the factor binds to the imperfect dyad-symmetry structure 5'GTCTTGTTCCAAAC3' within the third intron of the gene. The factor is sequence specific and binds equally well to both single-and double-stranded DNA with an estimated dissociation constant of 3.5 X 10(-10) M.