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Biomedical subjects

H Saloniemi

Publications and source records attributed to H Saloniemi.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Experimental regional enteritis in pigs.

Lymphatic obstruction is constantly present in regional enteritis, but its role in the pathogenesis is poorly understood. To clarify this the mesenterial lymphatics of the terminal ileum were obstructed in 21 pigs chosen for experiments because spontaneous ileitis is common in pigs. Long-lasting obstruction was produced by injecting formaline into regional lymph nodes. The growth of the pigs was retarded. Their ileum became reddish and oedematous with numerous intra-abdominal adhesions, and mucosal ulcerations. Eleven pigs developed fistulae; none had chylous ascites. Histologically the subserosa was infiltrated by round and giant cells giving an impression of granulomatous inflammation. Many lymphatics were thrombosed. The lymphoid tissue was hyperplastic. These changes became more prominent with extensive subserosal fibrosis after three weeks, when the oedema diminshed. Transmural inflammation with round cell aggregations was then the most typical feature. Purulent infection with crypt abcesses appeared near the fistulae. If the function of lymphatics is destroyed, transport of particles too big to enter blood vessels is inhibited. This produces chronic irritation and oedema with declining tissue nutrition and oxygenation, thus causing fibrosis. Moreover, the intestinal lumen is a source of infections, and the oedematous tissue is easily infected. This may lead to mucosal ulcerations and, progressively, to fistulae.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Significance of apoptosis and its relationship to antioxidants after ochratoxin A administration in mice.

A study of the appearance of liver apoptosis after ochratoxin A (OTA) administration was performed in male mice. Administration of OTA twice a week for one or two weeks period results in the occurrence of apoptosis in mice"s liver. The presence of intracellular apoptosis bodies was detected at two weeks after toxin treatment. Light microscopic examination demonstrated the presence of eosinophilic globules, often containing apoptotic bodies. They were found within the cytoplasm of intact hepatic cells. The number of apoptotic bodies was further enhanced at two weeks, resulting in 8 fold increases in liver over the control values. No evidence of cell necrosis could be observed by histological and biochemical analysis at one week. However, centrilobular necrosis was evident at two weeks. The ability of the combined antioxidants: Coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ 10), L-carnitine, Zn, Mg, N-acetyl cysteine, vitamin C, vitamin E and selenium or tamoxifen to intervene in apoptosis induced in livers of mice by OTA was also investigated. The inhibition by these scavengers was more clear in mice treated with OTA for one week than those mice treated for two weeks. Treatment with tamoxifen, known in restoration of tumor suppressor function and on induction of programmed cell death (apoptosis), after OTA administration, had no significant inhibition effect on the incidence of apoptotic bodies in liver. Because hepatic glutathione represents the major defence against toxic liver injury, we studied the activity of tissue reduced glutathione (GSH), known to inhibit apoptosis. Our finding showed that two weeks after treatment, OTA caused a decrease of the GSH activity. However, treatment of mice with the combined antioxidants could enhance hepatic antioxidant/detoxification system, as indicated by increase in hepatic reduced glutathione level. In the light of these results, apoptosis was observed after two weeks of OTA administration. We also suggest that use of the combined antioxidants may be of interest in conditions were certain toxin-mediated forms of cell death and/or apoptosis contribute significantly to toxicity.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Plant oestrogens; the cause of decreased fertility in cows. A case report.

During the stall feeding period 1982-1983, it was established that serious fertility disturbances, indicating oestrogenic stimulation, had occurred in a herd of cattle in an area supported by the College of Veterinary Medicine's ambulatory clinic. Whilst investigating the cause of these disturbances it was proven that the silage administered during this period was prepared almost entirely from pure red clover aftergrowth. The oestrogenic isoflavone content of the silage (liquid chromatograph examination) and the oestrogenic strength (bioassay) were considerably great. When feeding with the fodder was subsequently discontinued the disturbances ceased to occur and the cows became pregnant more easily. On the basis of the aforementioned incidences it was ascertained that plant oestrogens were almost certainly the cause of the fertility disturbances.

Animal Feed↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of environmental change on udder health of dairy cows.

Udder health in a herd, moved from an old long-standing cowshed to a new short stall cowshed and udder health in another herd, moved from an old loose house to a new one was investigated. The stall length was too short, the insulation of the stalls and the ventilation were poor causing risks to udder health in the long-standing cowshed. After the repair of these factors udder health improved in the tying stall. A bigger milking parlour in the new loose housing cowshed caused overmilking under the first weeks after the change, and the incidence of teat tip injuries and mastitis increased.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of environmental change on injuries of udder and legs in dairy cows.

Injuries of udder and legs of dairy cows in a changed production environment were studied in two herds. The frequency of injuries of udder and teat skin decreased in the renovated tying stall. The stall length and also the cubicle length was too short for large cows in old cowsheds which caused lesions on the skin of udder and legs. The new concrete on floors was rough and kept the wearing of hooves moderate. The yoke tying and the low level of manger worsened the fore leg conditions in the renovated tying stall. In the new loose house the incidence of injuries did not change markedly.

Animals↗