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H Sakurai

Publications and source records attributed to H Sakurai.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

No clear-cut evidence for cadmium-induced renal tubular dysfunction among over 10,000 women in the Japanese general population: a nationwide large-scale survey.

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether environmental exposure to cadmium has been inducing kidney dysfunction among middle-aged women in the general population in Japan. METHODS: This study was conducted in 2000 and 2001. Morning spot urine samples were collected from 10,753 women (mostly aged 35 to 60 years) in ten prefectures all over Japan (thus about 1,000 women per site). Urine samples were analyzed for cadmium (Cd-U), calcium (Ca-U), magnesium (Mg-U), zinc (Zn-U), alpha(1)- and beta(2)-microglobulins (alpha(1)- and beta(2)-MG-U). The urinary analyte concentrations were corrected for creatinine (cr) concentration (i.e., Ucr). The data thus obtained were subjected to statistical evaluation by chi-square test, ANOVA, multiple comparison test, and simple regression analysis (SRA) as well as multiple regression analysis (MRA) including logistic regression analysis (LRA). Log-normal distribution was assumed for Cd-Ucr, alpha(1)-MG-Ucr and beta(2)-MG-Ucr, whereas normal distribution was considered for age, Ca-Ucr, Mg-Ucr and Zn-Ucr. RESULTS: Geometric mean values (GM) of Cd-Ucr were distributed unevenly, depending on the sampling areas, with a grand GM of 1.3 microg/g cr, the highest (3.2 microg/g cr) and lowest GM values(0.8 microg/g cr) being significantly different from GMs of other areas. Correlation matrix analysis with subjects of all ages showed that log alpha(1)-MG-Ucr and log beta(2)-MG-Ucr correlated significantly (r=0.272 and 0.202, respectively) with log Cd-Ucr, but they correlated also with age (r=0.280 and 0.213, respectively). The same analysis with the two selected age groups (41-50 and 51-60 years), however, failed to show close correlation of alpha(1)-MG-Ucr and log beta(2)-MG-Ucr with Cd-Ucr. Both MRA and LRA indicated that age was a confounding factor in the evaluation of the effect of Cd-U on the two MG levels. Whereas the LRA with the all-age group showed a positive influence of log Cd-Ucr on log alpha(1)-MG-Ucr and log beta(2)-MG-Ucr, such effect disappeared in parallel with the disappearance of age effects when LRA was conducted with the two selected age groups. An exceptional observation was the influence of log Cd-Ucr on log alpha(1)-MG-Ucr (but not on log beta(2)-MG-Ucr) in LRA when a cut-off value of 5.00 mg for alpha(1)-MG-U/g cr was applied. Comparison between the low and high Cd-U groups showed that both alpha(1)-MG-Ucr and beta(2)-MG-Ucr were higher in the high Cd-U groups, but prevalence of cases with alpha(1)-MG-Ucr and beta(2)-MG-Ucr in excess of the cut-off values did not differ between the two groups except when a cut-off value of 5.00 mg/g cr was employed for alpha(1)-MG-U. CONCLUSIONS: In over-all evaluation, no clear-cut evidence was obtained in the present study to show that environmental exposure to Cd has induced tubule dysfunction among middle-aged women in the general population in Japan. It might be the case, however, that an increase in alpha(1)-MG-U was associated with Cd exposure. In this sense, it is apparently desirable from public health viewpoints to make further efforts to reduce the intensity of the general population's exposure to environmental Cd.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Threshold levels of urinary cadmium in relation to increases in urinary beta2-microglobulin among general Japanese populations.

Through literature survey, paired data on cadmium (Cd) and beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)-MG) levels (as corrected for creatinine concentration) in urine (i.e., Cd-Ucr and beta(2)-MG-Ucr) among Japanese populations were available for 32 groups of men and 58 groups of women in 12 publications. Plotting of the Cd-Ucr and beta(2)-MG-Ucr data for the groups of women showed that beta(2)-MG-Ucr stayed unchanged when Cd-Ucr was at lower levels, whereas beta(2)-MG-Ucr increased sharply when Cd-Ucr was in excess of 10-20 microg/g cr. Regression analysis was made for groups of women with no elevation in beta(2)-MG-Ucr, and those with >400 or >1000 microg beta(2)-MG-U/g cr. A threshold Cd-Ucr level in relation to an increase in beta(2)-MG-Ucr was estimated as Cd-Ucr at the point of intercept of the two regression lines, one with no beta(2)-MG-Ucr elevation, and the other with >400 or >1000 microg beta(2)-MG-U/g cr. Cd-Ucr at the point of flexion thus calculated was 11-12 microg/g cr. Such observation was quantitatively reproduced by the analysis of data for men, giving 10-11 microg Cd-U/g cr at the point of flexion. This study suggests that the relationship of beta(2)-MG-Ucr with Cd-Ucr is not linear but in the shape of letter 'J', i.e., beta(2)-MG-Ucr increases sharply when Cd-Ucr is in excess of 10-12 microg/g cr.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic activities of a new matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, TN-6b.

We investigated the anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic effects of TN-6b, a new broad-spectrum inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), against Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and hepatic sinusoidal endothelial (HSE) cells. TN-6b potently inhibited the activities of MMP-2 and -9 secreted by LLC and HSE cells in a zymogram assay. TN-6b, at non-cytotoxic concentrations, caused a marked inhibition of invasion and migration of LLC, and tube-like formation of HSE cells. In contrast, TN-6d, an inactive enantiomer of TN-6b, did not inhibit the invasion and tube-like formation. Daily subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of TN-6b at doses of 30 and 60 mg/kg in mice resulted in a potent inhibition of tumour-induced angiogenesis of B16 melanomas and lymph node metastasis of LLC cells. In conclusion, TN-6b effectively inhibited lymph node metastasis of LLC cells through its anti-invasive and anti-angiogenic properties. These findings suggest that the MMP inhibition correlates well with its anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic efficacy and TN-6b has the therapeutic potential to inhibit angiogenesis and metastasis in vivo and in vitro.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors↗
PubMed2003

Age-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species in the skin of live hairless rats exposed to UVA light.

Aging proceeds by highly complicated biochemical processes, in which the involvement of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals has been implicated. Although the relationship between UV-induced photoaging and ROS generation has been proposed, it has been difficult to establish direct proof of the generation of ROS in the skin under UV exposure. Recently, we reported finding endogenously generated ROS in the skin of live mice after UVA light exposure by a method of in vivo chemiluminescent detection, in which superoxide anion radical (*O2-) and singlet oxygen species (1O2) are contributed. In light of the results, we tried to understand the age-dependent changes in ROS generation in the skin of hairless rats under UVA exposure. Chemiluminescent levels due to ROS in the untreated and UVA-exposed skin decreased age dependently, and the signal intensities in old rats were significantly lower than those in young rats. However, the ratios of chemiluminescent intensities in the UVA-exposed skin to those in the untreated skin were significantly enhanced in an age-dependent manner. These results suggest that the antioxidative ability against ROS generation in the skin, possessed by antioxidant enzymes and low molecular weight antioxidants, is lowered age dependently.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2002

Analysis for threshold levels of cadmium in urine that induce tubular dysfunction among women in non-polluted areas in Japan.

OBJECTIVE: To examine if there is a threshold in urinary cadmium concentration that induces elevation in urinary microglobulins. METHODS: The database developed in a previous field survey (Ezaki et al. 2002) was employed. In the survey conducted in 2000 and 2001, more than 10,000 middle-aged women (with no occupational exposure to Cd) in ten prefectures all over Japan gave morning spot urine samples, which were analyzed for cadmium (Cd-U), calcium (Ca-U), magnesium (Mg-U), zinc (Zn-U), alpha(1)- and beta(2)-microglobulins (alpha(1)- and beta(2)-MG-U), and creatinine (cr). The urinary analyte concentrations were corrected for cr concentration (to be expressed as, e.g., Cd-Ucr), and the data thus obtained were subjected to statistical evaluation. The largest geometric mean (GM) for Cd-Ucr among the ten prefecture was 3.2 microg Cd/g cr, and the maximum Cd-Ucr observed among the women studied was 20.9 microg Cd/g cr. RESULTS: Both alpha(1)-MG-Ucr and beta(2)-MG-Ucr increased as a function of the increase in Cd-Ucr among all the women and also in sub-populations of narrow age ranges (i.e., 41-50 and 51-60 years), with no apparent threshold Cd-Ucr. Comparison of the cases exceeding cut-off alpha(1)-MG-Ucr and beta(2)-MG-Ucr levels also indicated a Cd dose-dependent increase in the prevalence, similarly without a threshold Cd-Ucr. In addition, such findings were essentially reproducible when elevation in alpha(1)-MG-Ucr and beta(2)-MG-Ucr levels was examined with the three essential elements, especially with Ca-Ucr and Mg-Ucr, although less clearly with Zn-Ucr. The observations as a whole suggest a possibility that the dose-dependent increases in alpha(1)-MG-Ucr and beta(2)-MG-Ucr with no apparent threshold for element concentration is not specific to Cd-Ucr but common to other elements. CONCLUSIONS: No threshold Cd-Ucr was detected in relation to the increases in alpha(1)-MG-Ucr and beta(2)-MG-Ucr. The element dose-dependent increases in the two MGs with no threshold in the element concentration might be not limited to Cd, but common to other elements. Further studies are apparently necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Disruption of the uptake hydrogenase gene, but not of the bidirectional hydrogenase gene, leads to enhanced photobiological hydrogen production by the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120.

In order to determine the effects of the deletion of hydrogenase genes on nitrogenase-based photobiological H(2) productivity by heterocystous N(2)-fixing cyanobacteria, we have constructed three hydrogenase mutants from Anabaena sp. PCC 7120: hupL(-) (deficient in the uptake hydrogenase), hoxH(-) (deficient in the bidirectional hydrogenase), and hupL(-)/ hoxH(-) (deficient in both genes). The hupL(-) mutant produced H(2) at a rate four to seven times that of the wild-type under optimal conditions. The hoxH(-) mutant produced significantly lower amounts of H(2) and had slightly lower nitrogenase activity than wild-type. H(2) production by the hupL(-)/ hoxH(-) mutant was slightly lower than, but almost equal to, that of the hupL(-) mutant. The efficiency of light energy conversion to H(2) by the hupL(-) mutant at its highest H(2) production stage was 1.2% at an actinic visible light intensity of 10 W/m(2) (PAR) under argon atmosphere. These results indicate that deletion of the hupL gene could be employed as a source for further improvement of H(2) production in a nitrogenase-based photobiological H(2) production system.

Anabaena↗
PubMed2002

Characteristics of immunity induced by viral antigen or conferred by antibody via different administration routes.

The characteristics of the immunity induced by viral antigens or conferred by antiviral antibody via different routes of administration were evaluated comparatively. C57BL/6 mice were immunized via intranasal, intradermal or enteric routes with a live recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) F glycoprotein (F.rVV) or RSV, and then challenged intranasally with RSV. Inhibition of RSV replication was observed in the lungs of all the mice; however, only intranasal immunization hindered virus replication in the nose. Lung inflammation, characterized by infiltration of neutrophils and of mononuclear cells was strongest in the intradermally immunized mice, but was observed in all F.rVV immunized mice to various degrees. Intranasal administration of a potently neutralizing human anti-RSV antibody Fab fragment to infected mice inhibited RSV replication in the nose and, when combined with intraperitoneal administration, protected both the lung and the nose in the absence of deleterious lung pathology. These data suggest that intranasal immunization with F.rVV reduces RSV replication in the respiratory tract, but still induces pathological lung inflammation, even though this is milder than that observed following intradermal immunization. Local neutralizing antibody is indispensable for protection in the nose.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2002

[Extraction of bisphenol-A from a cardiopulmonary bypass circuit].

We measured levels of bisphenol-A (BPA) in a priming solution and blood of a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit. Eight circuits were used in the study of a priming solution. Blood samples were obtained from 6 patients who underwent open heart surgery after the commencement of CPB and at the termination of CPB. Another 3 samples were collected directly from the saline in a polyethylene container as a control. Then the concentrations of BPA in them were determined by means of gas chromatography. No detectable BPA was found in controls. However, a small amount was detected in the saline from the circuits (0.9 +/- 1.1 micrograms/l). A very small amount was also detected in the blood after the commencement and at the termination of CPB (0.3 +/- 0.2 microgram/l, and 0.4 +/- 0.3 microgram/l, respectively). BPA was considered to be leached from the circuit to the priming solution and the blood because the parts of the reservoir and the oxygenator were made of polycarbonate containing BPA. We suppose the BPA concentration is probably at a safe level. However, the data on the endocrinologically toxic level of blood BPA are insufficient. Therefore, the use of plastic in a circuit may require closer scrutiny to determine whether BPA contributes to exposure to xenoestrogens.

Benzhydryl Compounds↗
PubMed2002

[Repair of tetralogy of Fallot in an adult; the importance of preoperative examination for major aorto-pulmonary collateral arteries].

We report the repair of tetralogy of Fallot in a 51-year-old man. He underwent a left classical Blalock-Taussig (B-T) shunt when he was ten years old. Preoperative angiography showed a patent B-T shunt. Total corrective surgery was performed. Postoperatively, he suffered from left ventricular failure. Re-intubation was required three times. Postoperative catheterization showed excellent correction of the right ventricular system, however, descending aortography revealed a great many aorto-pulmonary collateral arteries, which caused the left ventricular failure. Coil embolization of these 13 collateral arteries was performed and he recovered from the left ventricular failure. We conclude that even in an elderly patient with tetralogy of Fallot, total correction should be performed, since the surgical risk is acceptable and the procedure improves the capacity for physical activity and quality of life. Preoperative examination of collateral arteries is important, especially in elderly patients, and coil embolization should be considered.

Aorta↗
PubMed2002

Total aortic arch graft replacement for recurrent aortic aneurysm.

We successfully performed a total aortic arch replacement for a recurrent aortic aneurysm following repair of an aortic dissection. A 59-year-old man underwent a patch aortoplasty through median sternotomy for Stanford type B aortic dissection in other hospital. Three years and 6 months later an aneurysm developed. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging angiography demonstrated an enlargement of the aneurysm, resulting in a diagnosis of recurrent distal aortic arch aneurysm. A graft replacement of the total aortic arch with the aid of selective cerebral perfusion was performed through a median resternotomy and left lateral thoracotomy. Additional left lateral thoracotomy offered a sufficiently optimal operating field for distal anastomosis. However, care must be taken not to overlook the bleeding from intercostal arteries. Since aortoplasty may lead to subsequent dilation and aneurysmal formation, initial replacement of the segment of the aorta is recommended, and careful long-term follow-up of the patient is important.

Aorta, Thoracic↗
PubMed2001

Involvement of laminin binding integrins and laminin-5 in branching morphogenesis of the ureteric bud during kidney development.

Branching morphogenesis of the ureteric bud (UB) [induced by the metanephric mesenchyme (MM)] is necessary for normal kidney development. The role of integrins in this complex developmental process is not well understood. However, the recent advent of in vitro model systems to study branching of UB cells and isolated UB tissue makes possible a more detailed analysis of the integrins involved. We detected integrin subunits alpha3, alpha6, beta1, and beta4 in both the UB and cells derived from the early UB. Blocking the function of each of these integrin subunits individually markedly inhibited branching morphogenesis in cell culture models. However, inhibiting individual integrin function with blocking antibodies in whole kidney and isolated UB culture only partially inhibited UB branching morphogenesis, suggesting that, in these more complex in vitro systems, multiple integrins are involved in the branching program. In whole organ and isolated bud culture, marked retardation of UB branching was observed only when both alpha3 and alpha6 integrin subunits were inhibited. The alpha6 integrin subunit can be expressed as both alpha6beta1 and alpha6beta4, and both of these beta subunits are important for UB branching morphogenesis in both cell and organ culture. Furthermore, laminin-5, a common ligand for integrins alpha3beta1 and alpha6beta4, was detected in the developing UB and shown to be required for normal UB branching morphogenesis in whole embryonic kidney organ culture as well as isolated UB culture. Together, these data from UB cell culture, organ culture, and isolated UB culture models indicate that both integrin alpha3 and alpha6 subunits play a direct role in UB branching morphogenesis, as opposed to being modulators of the inductive effects of mesenchyme on UB development. Furthermore the data are consistent with a role for laminin-5, acting through its alpha3beta1 and/or alpha6beta4 integrin receptors, in UB branching during nephrogenesis. These data may help to partially explain the renal phenotype seen in integrin alpha3 and alpha3/alpha6 subunit-deficient animals.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Protein phosphatase 2A interacts with and directly dephosphorylates RelA.

Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B)/Rel transcription factors are key regulators of a variety of genes involved in inflammatory responses, growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and development. There are increasing lines of evidence that NF-kappa B/Rel activity is controlled to a great extent by its phosphorylation state. In this study, we demonstrated that RelA physically associated with protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) subunit A (PR65). Both the N- and C-terminal regions of RelA were responsible for the PP2A binding. RelA co-immunoprecipitated with PP2A in melanocytes in the absence of stimulation, indicating that RelA forms a signaling complex with PP2A in the cells. RelA was dephosphorylated by a purified PP2A core enzyme, a heterodimer formed by the catalytic subunit of PP2A (PP2Ac) and PR65, in a concentration-dependent manner. Okadaic acid, an inhibitor of PP2A at lower concentration, increased the basal phosphorylation of RelA in melanocytes and blocked the dephosphorylation of RelA after interleukin-1 stimulation. Interestingly, PP2A immunoprecipitated from melanocytes was able to dephosphorylate RelA, whereas PP2A immunoprecipitated from melanoma cell lines exhibited decreased capacity to dephosphorylate RelA in vitro. Moreover, in melanoma cells in which I kappa B kinase activity was inhibited by sulindac to a similar level as in melanocytes, the phosphorylation state of RelA and the relative NF-kappa B activity were still higher than those in normal melanocytes. These data suggest that the constitutive activation of RelA in melanoma cells (Yang, J., and Richmond, A. (2001) Cancer Res. 61, 4901-4909) could be due, at least in part, to the deficiency of PP2A, which exhibits decreased dephosphorylation of NF-kappa B/RelA.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

Involvement of NADH/NADPH oxidase in human platelet ROS production.

Platelets play an important role in atherosclerotic and thromboembolic vascular diseases. It has been reported that reactive oxygen species (ROS) could modify platelet function, and platelets themselves have the ability to produce ROS. However, the enzymatic sources of ROS in platelets have not been fully determined. The NADH/NADPH oxidase system was originally identified as the major source of ROS in phagocytes. Recently, it has become evident that this oxidase is functionally expressed not only in phagocytes but also in various cell types. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that NADH/NADPH oxidase might be expressed in human platelets. Lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence (L-CL) and electron spin resonance (ESR) method demonstrated that human platelets obtained from healthy volunteers released ROS, and the released ROS were increased by stimulation with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or calcium ionophore. Homogenates of human platelets, as well as MEG01 cells, megakaryocytic cell line, had the enzymatic activity to produce superoxide in NADH/NADPH-dependent manners. This enzymatic activity was suppressed by diphenylene iodonium (DPI), an inhibitor of NADH/NADPH oxidase. Western blot analysis demonstrated that platelets and MEG01 cells expressed p22(phox) and p67(phox) proteins, components of NADH/NADPH oxidase. Thus, human platelets have the enzymatic activity of p22(phox)-based NADH/NADPH oxidase, and this oxidase is likely one of the important sources of ROS in platelets.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed2001

Analysis of recurrence of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix after definitive radiation therapy alone: patterns of recurrence, latent periods, and prognosis.

PURPOSE: A retrospective analysis was performed with emphasis on the patterns of recurrence, latent period, and prognosis in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma of the uterus treated with definitive radiation therapy alone. Late recurrence, which was observed more than 5 years after the initial radiation therapy, was finally focused on and discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1976 and 1994, 256 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix without hematogenous metastasis were treated with definitive radiation therapy alone. The patients were staged as follows according to the FIGO classification: 26 in Stage I, 56 in Stage II, 124 in Stage III, 28 in Stage IVa, and 22 in Stage IVb. All the patients were treated with external beam irradiation and low-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy. RESULTS: A total of 74 patients had recurrence. The recurrence appeared in 67 cases (90.5%) within 5 years. Metastasis to para-aortic and/or supraclavicular nodes developed later than other types of recurrence. Among patients with lymphogenous metastasis, there were more 5-year survivors after recurrence than with other types of recurrence. Patients with early recurrence, within 2 years of the initial therapy, had a worse prognosis than those with recurrence more than 2 years after treatment. Seven patients (2.7%) in all developed late recurrence more than 5 years after the treatment. The first site of recurrence was an abdominal para-aortic or supraclavicular node in all patients, excluding one patient who developed intrapelvic lymph node metastasis. Six patients had pelvic node metastasis detected with lymphangiography at the initial treatment. Median survival after late recurrence was 16.0 months. Two of 7 patients survived more than 3 years after secondary radiation therapy, and the remainder died of recurrent disease. CONCLUSION: Patients with para-aortic and/or supraclavicular node metastasis that developed late after the initial treatment are more likely to survive due to secondary radiation therapy. Careful follow-up is emphasized for long-term survivors.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Morphological changes of vestibular ganglion cells in human fetuses and in pediatric patients.

The temporal bone histopathology of human vestibular ganglion cells of fetuses and pediatric patients was studied. In the first study, we traced the morphological changes in vestibular ganglion cells in human fetuses ranging from 13 weeks to 39 weeks of gestational age by using 13 temporal bone serial sections. Vestibular ganglion cells had reached histological maturity by the 24th week of gestation and the volume of vestibular ganglion cell cytoplasm increased until the 39th week of gestation. In the second study, the temporal bone serial sections of seven neonates, eight infants and five children were investigated to reveal pathological changes in vestibular ganglion cells. Morphological changes in vestibular ganglion cells in human fetuses were revealed. Vestibular ganglion cells were changed pathologically by intracranial disease and variety etiology affecting the inner ear, because these are located in the internal auditory canal between the brain and labyrinth.

Child↗
PubMed2001

A novel domain of the yeast heat shock factor that regulates its activation function.

Heat shock factor Hsf1 of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae binds to the heat shock element (HSE) of a subset of genes and activates their transcription in response to various environmental stresses. Hsf1 protein contains discrete domains respectively involved in DNA-binding, trimerization, transcription activation, and transcription repression. Here we have identified a novel domain rich in basic amino acids at the extreme C-terminus of Hsf1. Deletion or point mutations of the C-terminal basic region caused an inefficient heat shock response of genes containing noncanonical HSEs such as CUP1 and HSP26. The basic region is also essential for oxidative stress-inducible transcription of CUP1 by Hsf1. By contrast, it was dispensable for heat induction through the canonical HSE. We suggest that the basic region is a modulator involved in regulation of the Hsf1-mediated activation depending on the architecture of its binding site.

Amino Acid Motifs↗
PubMed2001

Magnetization transfer measurements of the hippocampus in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

We measured magnetization transfer ratios (MTRs) of the hippocampus in 38 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), including very mild (Clinical Dementia Rating [CDR] 0.5, n=12), mild (CDR 1, n=14), and moderate stages (CDR 2, n=12), and in 21 healthy elderly control subjects. Medial temporal lobe atrophy was graded subjectively on a five-point scale by two observers blinded to clinical data. Compared with the controls, each of the AD groups, including the very mild group, had significant atrophy of the medial temporal lobe and a decrease in MTRs of the hippocampus. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the overall discrimination rate with MTR measurement and visual analysis of the atrophy was 85% and 73% between the control group and the CDR 0.5 group, 89% and 80% between the control group and the CDR 1 group, and 100% and 91% between the control group and the CDR 2 group, respectively. MTR measurements may provide additional information in detecting structural damage of the hippocampus of AD and be helpful in providing improved diagnosis and early detection of AD.

Aged↗