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Biomedical subjects

H Sakata

Publications and source records attributed to H Sakata.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Development of the intestinal flora in very low birth weight infants compared to normal full-term newborns.

Development of faecal flora was studied in seven very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, who were fed on human milk and whose birth weights ranged from 810-1350 g. The intestine of the VLBW infants was first colonised by enterobacteria and streptococci, as it was in full-term infants. VLBW infants differed, however, from full-term infants in that both types of organism continued to be predominant for a longer period, and establishment of bifidobacterial flora was retarded. Bifidobacteria first appeared in the stools of VLBW infants at a mean age of 10.6 +/- 2.7 days and became predominant at a mean of 19.8 +/- 8.9 days, in contrast to full-term, breast-fed infants in whom bifidobacterial flora appeared at as early as 4 days of age. The delay seemed to be related to the low milk intake of the VLBW infants. The number of viable staphylococci in the stools of VLBW infants was generally higher than that in full-term infants. Although emergence of Bacteroides, Clostridium and lactobacilli was delayed compared with full-term infants, differences in their occurrence and prevalence between VLBW and full-term infants were not remarkable.

Bacteria, Aerobic↗
PubMed1985

Esophageal varices produced in dogs.

In attempts to produce esophageal varices in dogs, we designed a procedure based on the concept of hyperdynamic flow. The first stage operation involved the achievement of an arteriovenous shunt between the left renal artery and the proximal splenic vein, in concert with the distal splenic venous-left renal venous shunt. About one month after the initial operation, sixteen of the twenty-eight dogs had tolerated the manipulations. Both shunts proved to be functioning well in six of sixteen survivors, in which an ameroid constrictor was placed around the splenic vein just proximal to the confluence of the left gastric vein. Again one month later, in five of these six, esophageal varices were evidenced, both endoscopically and histologically. Arterialization of left gastric vein concomitant with the distal splenorenal shunt, gave rise to a hyperdynamic state in the upper stomach and resulting in reproducible esophageal varices.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Neural mechanisms of space vision in the parietal association cortex of the monkey.

Functional properties of visual and eye-movement-related neurons of area 7a were studied in alert behaving monkeys. Visual fixation (VF) neurons had selectivity in the direction and/or distance of gaze, signaling the spatial position. Visual tracking (VT) neurons had selectivity in the direction of movement, signaling the movement in space. Many passive visual (PV) neurons were suppressed during eye movement, discriminating real from "self-induced" movement. A group of PV neurons sensitive to the depth movement responded to the changing image size. A group of neurons sensitive to the rotation of visual stimulus in space were also found in area 7a.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for mumps IgM antibody: comparison of IgM capture and indirect IgM assay.

We have established two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for detection of mumps IgM antibody, i.e., indirect IgM ELISA and IgM capture ELISA, for serodiagnosis of recent mumps infection. In the latter method, peroxidase-conjugated monoclonal antibody to mumps virus was employed. Both methods detected mumps antibody of IgM class only in serum fractions separated by centrifugation through a sucrose density gradient. Optical density values given by both ELISAs were correlated for most sera examined. Indirect IgM ELISA, however, gave a false positive reaction for sera containing both rheumatoid factor and mumps IgG antibody, while giving a false negative reaction for sera containing high titers of mumps IgG antibody. This technique was, therefore, less reliable than IgM capture ELISA. IgM antibody detectable by IgM capture ELISA was present in all patients with mumps by the fifth day of illness and persisted for up to 3 mth in most and up to 5 mth in same cases.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

Effect of fluorocarbon perfusion upon the preservation of amputated limbs. An experimental study.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of fluorocarbon on the preservation of an amputated limb. The hind limbs of dogs were completely amputated through the mid-thigh; some were perfused with fluorocarbon, others with lactated Ringer's solution and some were not perfused at all. After six hours of ischaemia, all the limbs were replanted. Perfusion with fluorocarbon had an inhibitory effect on the anaerobic metabolism of an amputated limb, thus increasing the survival rate. Leakage of creatine phosphokinase from the replanted limb also was inhibited by perfusion with fluorocarbon. These effects were more striking when the amputated limb was perfused continuously rather than intermittently and when it was preserved in iced water rather than at room temperature; these measures helped to prevent replantation toxaemia and to preserve muscle function.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed1985

Immunological studies of herpetic keratitis: induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in mouse splenocytes.

C3H/He and BALB/c mice were inoculated with herpes simplex virus (HSV) by corneal or intraperitoneal route. The mouse splenocytes were analyzed to determine the level and mode of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) induction by a cytotoxicity test, using HSV-infected L929 cells and 3T3 cells as the target cells. To enhance the activities of CTL, mouse splenocytes were restimulated by lipopolysaccharide-induced lymphoblasts (LPS-blasts) infected with HSV before assay. HSV infection by both corneal and intraperitoneal routes induced H-2 restricted T lymphocyte responses specific for HSV. This CTL response became detectable on day 6 in mice with herpetic keratitis and on day 4 with intraperitoneal infection, but 10 days after infection the CTL activities of both groups reached the same level. A high response level persisted as long as 28 days. These results suggest that the protective mechanism in herpetic keratitis is similar to the mechanism in intraperitoneal infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Rapid clearance of iodine-131 MIBG from the heart and liver of patients with adrenergic dysfunction and pheochromocytoma.

Iodine-131 MIBG, a radiolabeled adrenergic neuron-blocking agent, decreased rapidly from the heart and liver of patients with adrenergic dysfunction (n = 3) and pheochromocytoma (n = 2) when compared with eight controls. The 4-hr activity expressed as percentages (mean +/- s.d.) of the 20-min counts were as follows: 80 +/- 3.0% in the controls compared with 60 +/- 7.6% in the patients over the heart (p less than 0.01) and 79 +/- 3.2% in the controls compared with 51 +/- 17% in the patients over the liver (p less than 0.02). However, there was no significant difference in the rate of [131I]MIBG decrease in these organs between controls and patients in the intervals subsequent to 4 hr (p greater than 0.05). These findings suggest that adrenergic neuronal uptake of [131I]MIBG in these organs is smaller in the patients than in the controls. Measurements of time-activity relationships of radioiodinated MIBG may be useful for assessment of adrenergic function of these organs and thus of generalized disorders of adrenergic innervation.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1985

[Laboratory and clinical studies on BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid -amoxicillin) granules in the pediatric field].

Laboratory and clinical studies on BRL 25000 granules (containing clavulanic acid (CVA) 1 part plus amoxicillin (AMPC) 2 parts) were performed in infections in the pediatric field. Following oral administration of BRL 25000 granules at a dose of 15 mg/kg body weight, the maximum serum levels of AMPC and CVA achieved approximately 1 hour after dosing were 8.68 micrograms/ml and 4.09 micrograms/ml and declined thereafter with half-lives of 1.39 and 0.80 hours, respectively. The 6-hour urinary recovery rates for AMPC and CVA were 55.81% and 26.08%, respectively. Following oral administration of BRL 25000 granules at a dose of 22.5 and 24.3 mg/kg body weight, the serum levels of AMPC and CVA peaked at 7.37 micrograms/ml and 2.98 micrograms/ml after 1 hour and declined with half-lives of 2.52 and 0.99 hours, respectively. The 6-hour urinary recovery rates for AMPC and CVA were 40.02% and 13.95%, respectively. The clinical efficacy of BRL 25000 granules was evaluated in 23 patients with upper respiratory tract infections, skin infections, etc. Overall the clinical efficacy was good to excellent in 21/23 (91.3%). The bacteriological and clinical efficacy rates for beta-lactamase producing bacteria and non-producing bacteria were 50% (1/2) and 100% (12/12), respectively. Side effects were observed in 1 patient, who experienced mild diarrhea and abdominal pain but not of a severe nature.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

Effects of intraarticular injection of halopredone diacetate on the articular cartilage of rabbit knees: a comparison with methylprednisolone acetate.

Halopredone diacetate, which is a new synthetic corticosteroid drug showing local retention, and methylprednisolone acetate in common clinical use were injected into the knee joints of adult rabbits to compare the effects of the two drugs on the articular cartilage. The dosage of one injection was 1.75 mg (H-1 group) and 8.75 mg (H-5 group) for halopredone diacetate and 1.4 mg (M-1 group) and 7.0 mg (M-5 group) for methylprednisolone acetate. The drugs were injected into the right knee joint once a week, 12 times in total. One week after the last injection, the steroid crystals remaining in the knee joint were observed in all rabbits in the H-1 and H-5 groups. White deposits were seen locally on a part of the cartilage in all the rabbits in the H-1, H-5, and M-5 groups but not in the M-1 group. These white deposits were observed as cystic lesions by light microscopy and contained abundant hydroxyapatite. Other histologic findings in the articular cartilage included fissure, hypocellularity, and a decrease of proteoglycan in each group. However, no distinct difference was noted between the H-1 group and the M-1 group as regards the histological-histochemical grades of the cartilage on the medial tibial condyle or in the electron microscopic findings of the cartilage on the medial femoral condyle. The same was true for the H-5 and M-5 groups. These results show that repeated intraarticular injections of these two drugs cause severe cartilage lesions to the same degree, except for the intracartilaginous white deposits of rabbit knees.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Multiple forms of protyrosinase from Aspergillus oryzae and their mode of activation at pH 3.0.

This paper describes the isolation of three molecular forms (I-III) of protyrosinase and catalytically active tyrosinase ( monophenol ,dihydroxyphenylalanine: oxygen oxidoreductase, E.C. 1.14.18.1) from fresh mycelia of Aspergillus oryzae BIR 128 by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, successive chromatographies and disc-gel electrophoresis. Experimental evidence is presented that purified protyrosinase is contaminated with firmly attached proteinases, and that this contamination may account for both the multiple molecular forms of protyrosinase /tyrosinase and the activation of the proenzyme at acidic pH (2.5-3.0). The activation process of protyrosinase seems to be the result of a cleavage of the polypeptide chain by aspartic proteinase from Aspergillus (EC 3.4.23.6) in the purified protyrosinase preparation. Protyrosinase and tyrosinase have different conformation, different stabilities and some different properties.

Aspergillus↗