Biomedical subjects

H Sakai

Publications and source records attributed to H Sakai.

At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources

PubMed1990

The problems in the arrangement of the azygos vein.

The azygos veins in thirty six cadavers (26 adult bodies, 10 human fetuses) were examined with special reference to the correlation with the midline of the vertebral column. The azygos veins were often observed to cross the middle of the ventral side of the vertebral column from right to left, and the occurrence of this crossing to the left is more frequent than that previously described--occurring in twenty two of the adult bodies. In three of the adult bodies, the vein ran upwards along the midline. In the remaining adult, the azygos vein ascended on the right side only of the vertebral column. In the fetuses, no azygos vein crossed the midline and the vein lay only on the right side or along the midline of the vertebral column. these results indicate the possibility of leftward displacement of the azygos vein during the aging process.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

Ultrastructural and cytochemical studies of the subcommissural organ in the domestic chicken with special reference to the apical secretion.

Ultrastructural and cytochemical studies were undertaken with special reference to the apical secretion in the ependymal cells of the subcommissural organ in the domestic chicken. Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and acid phosphatase (AcPae) were used as cytochemical markers for the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomes, respectively. Periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (PA-TCH-SP) cytochemistry was employed to detect glycoconjugates. Most dense bodies were negative with AcPase staining. Dilated cisternal of ER were reacted with G6Pase cytochemistry. Golgi saccules and several kinds of spherical bodies were stained with PA-TCH-SP cytochemistry. Our results suggest that: 1) most dense bodies in the apical cytoplasm belong to the secretory granules discharged into the ventricular cavity, 2) dilated cisternae of the ER serve as the storage site of the substance which eventually becomes the secretory product, however, contents of the ER are not directly released into the ventricular cavity. Findings of this studies lead us to speculate that there are two intracellular transportation via different compartments: one is a transport via small vesicles from the perinuclear ER to the Golgi apparatus and the other is a transport bypassing the Golgi apparatus via cisternae of ER from the perinuclear ER to the supra-Golgi region. The substances in these two structures seem to be intermingled with each other and matured into secretory granules. This granules may be discharged into the ventricular cavity by exocytosis.

Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMed1990

[A case of advanced thoracic esophageal cancer with marked response to bleomycin absorbed on activated carbon particles (BLM-CH44), methotrexate, and cisplatin].

A 67-year-old women, who suffered from advanced esophageal cancer with left main bronchus and azygous vein involvement, was treated by combined administration of bleomycin absorbed on activated carbon particles (BLM-CH44, 10 mg/body), methotrexate (30 mg/body i.m.), and cisplatin (75 mg/body i.v.). BLM-CH44 was injected around tumor and total dose of BLM was 120 mg, that of MTX was 180 mg, and that of CDDP was 225 mg. After therapy, the sign of extra-esophageal spread disappeared and a radical operation was performed. Microscopically, the lesion of the esophagus was almost disappeared, and CH44 staining lymph node involvement was completely disappeared.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

[A case of non-Cushingoid Cushing's syndrome].

A 42-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with a chief complaint of hypertension. Endocrinologically, the plasma cortisol level was increased, but its diurnal rhythm had disappeared and the plasma cortisol level was not suppressed by dexamethasone loading at 2 mg or 8 mg. The plasma ACTH level was low. Computerized tomographic scan, echography and adrenocortical scintigraphy showed an adrenocortical tumor on the right adrenal gland. Physical examination did not reveal typical Cushingoid symptoms such as moon face, central obesity and violaceous striae. Thus we diagnosed this case as non-Cushingoid Cushing's syndrome and performed right adrenalectomy. Histological examination showed adreno-cortical adenoma without malignancy.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1990

[Induction therapy with CDDP and ADM for stage D prostatic cancer and its clinical response].

From September 1983 to September 1989, 20 patients with newly diagnosed stage D prostatic cancer were treated with cis-platinum (CDDP) and adriamycin (ADM) as the induction therapy. Analysis of histological and clinical effects on the induction therapy revealed partial response (PR) in 13 cases and no change (NC) in 7 cases according to Shimazaki's response criteria, and PR in 4 cases, NC in 15 cases and progression (PD) in 1 case according to NPCP criteria. Histological Ef 0-b effect was found in 2 cases, Ef 1 in 7 cases, Ef 2 in 3 cases, Ef 3 in 2 cases and Ef 4 in 2 cases. Analysis of long-term results revealed relapse in 9 cases and cancer death in 6 cases. The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year continued response rates for all cases were 85.7, 40.2 and 32.1%, respectively. The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 100, 64.3 and 53.6% respectively. Histologically, low responsive cases showed a tendency of relapse and cancer death more frequently than high responsive cases. These results suggest that CDDP and ADM therapy is more effective than hormone therapy in newly diagnosed stage D prostatic cancer as an induction therapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1990

[Analysis of cytolytic activity and cell surface phenotypes of lymphokine activated killer cells stimulated with R-IL 2 and an anti-CD 3 antibody].

We analyzed cytolytic activity and cell surface phenotypes of LAK (lymphokine activated killer) cells which were stimulated with recombinant IL-2 and an anti-CD3 antibody. This study involved 9 patients with astrocytomas, one patient with ganglioglioma, and one patient with medulloblastoma and their ages ranged between 5 and 80yr. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were separated from about 40 ml venous blood on a Ficoll-Paque gradient. After PBL's were cultured with r-IL 2 and anti-CD 3 antibody for about two weeks, more than 10(8) LAK cells could be obtained. Their cytolytic activity was measured by standard 4 hours-51Cr release assay and K 562, Daudi, U 251 MG, MCF-7, and autologous tumor cells were used as target cells. Their surface phenotypes (CD 3, CD 4, CD 8, CD 16, CD 25, Leu 7, HLA-DR) were measured by FACS. These LAK cells showed weaker killing activity against all kinds of tumor cells than usual LAK cells (LAK cells stimulated with r-IL 2 alone) did. Their surface phenotypes were more sensitive to CD 3 and less sensitive to CD 16 and Leu 7 than those of usual LAK cells. One of weak points of so-called LAK therapy is that many PBL's have to be obtained by leukapheresis and because of that, it is difficult to undertake LAK therapy to children or elderly patients. However, by using an anti-CD 3 antibody, enough LAK cells as effector of LAK therapy could be obtained more easily.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Influenza antibody titers after vaccination of chronic renal failure patients; before and during hemodialysis, or on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

Anti-influenza antibody (Ab) titers were measured in order to elucidate whether there are any disturbances in Ab production in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients. A total of 55 CRF patients plus 15 normal individuals were vaccinated with influenza vaccine twice, 4 weeks apart of the 55 CRF patients, 15 were not on dialysis, 10 were undergoing hemodialysis (HD), and 30 were on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Of the 30 CAPD patients, 14 had peritonitis. Serum Ab titers were measured by complement fixation (CF) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests, and IgG and IgM class specific antibodies by ELISA. All groups responded to immunization, but CAPD patients with peritonitis and CRF patients not yet on dialysis did not show a significant elevation in IgM class Ab titers. The number of CAPD patients with peritonitis who achieved positive titers was significantly lower in HI (p less than 0.01) and IgG class antibodies (p less than 0.05) compared with normal controls. Two patients with frequent peritonitis did not show any response to vaccination. It was concluded that patients with renal dysfunction have some abnormalities in Ab production against influenza vaccine, the effects of which were more pronounced in the CAPD patients with frequent peritonitis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Functional interpretation of the kidney juxtaglomerular apparatus using renin immunohistochemistry in Bartter's, pseudo-Bartter's and Conn's syndromes.

A comparative study of renin immunoreactivity in the juxtaglomerular apparatus of the human kidney was performed using the indirect immunoperoxidase method on a random microscopic sections. In renal biopsies taken from a case of Bartter's syndrome and a case of pseudo-Bartter's syndrome, the number of renin-positive juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) and the number of renin-positive cells in each JGA were significantly greater than in five renal specimens from control autopsy cases. In Conn's syndrome, none of the glomeruli contained renin-immunoreactive JGA. The number of renin-positive cells/mm2 in the renal cortex in cases of Bartter's and pseudo-Bartter's syndromes were 17.5 and 20.3, respectively, while in the control group, the range was 0.78-1.77 (mean 1.08). Together with other histochemical findings routinely examined in renal specimens, renin immunohistochemistry on random sections may be helpful in diagnostic renal pathology.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Studies on coagulation-fibrinolytic system in diabetic nephropathy--with reference to plasma TAT and alpha 2PIC].

Coagulation-fibrinolytic system is known to be one of the exacerbating factors in patients with diabetic nephropathy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether coagulation-fibrinolytic system in patients with diabetic nephropathy were significantly correlated with the development of this disease using new parameters of plasma thrombin antithrombin III complex (TAT) and plasmin alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor complex (alpha 2PIC). Fifty-six patients with NIDDM were examined. None of these patients showed more than 1.3 mg/dl of serum creatinine levels. These patients were divided into three groups according to the levels of albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) in urine as follows: 1) group I had ACR of less than 30 mg/g.Cr; 2) group II had ACR of greater than 30 mg/g.Cr and less than 100 mg/g.Cr; 3) group III had ACR of greater than 100 mg/g.Cr. Correlations of levels of plasma TAT and alpha 2PIC, levels of HbAlc, duration of diabetes, and presence of retinopathy were determined in these groups. The levels of plasma TAT and alpha 2PIC increased as the levels of urinary ACR increased regardless of presence of retinopathy. The levels of TAT and alpha 2PIC with retinopathy increased compared with those without retinopathy. There was a significantly positive correlation between plasma TAT and alpha 2PIC (r = 0.52, p less than 0.01). The levels of HbAlc and duration of diabetes did not significantly correlate to plasma TAT and alpha 2PIC. These data suggest that the existence of increase in coagulation-fibrinolytic system seem to be one of the exacerbating factors in patients with diabetic nephropathy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Effects of chronic volume loading on atrial natriuretic peptide release in human].

In the present study, we investigated whether release of hANP increases during mild and long-term volume loading. Eight lung cancer patients in good performance state (five men and three women, 35 to 68 years), who needed to have pre-hydration for cancer chemotherapy with cisplatin, were infused with about seven liters of isotonic saline over 48 hours through Swan-Ganz catheter placed in the pulmonary artery. The mean infusion rate was 0.042 ml/min.kg body weight. During the infusion, change in plasma volume (delta PV) increased by 5.8 + 3.3 (mean +/- SE) %. Right atrial pressure (RAP) did not change significantly, and pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) increased from 4.3 +/- 1.0 to 5.8 +/- 0.7 mmHg. Plasma hANP was significantly elevated from 50.6 +/- 0.7 to 105.1 +/- 19.3 pg/ml by the second day of the infusion with a suppression of plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone, though plasma ADH did not change. The infusion rate at 20:00 on the first day was the same as that on the second day. Further increase in plasma hANP was shown at 20:00 on the second day compared with the level at the same time on the first day, though RAP, PAWP and delta PV did not change. These results indicate that mild and chronic volume loading increases plasma hANP, and suggest that the prolongation of volume expansion plays an important role in the releasing of hANP in humans.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Liver abscess complicating intratumoral ethanol injection therapy for HCC.

We report a patient who developed multiple liver abscesses and sepsis caused by lactobacilli after the percutaneous intratumoral injection of ethanol for hepatocellular carcinoma. We diagnosed the liver abscess at an early stage because of a the finding of gas on ultrasound and computed tomography. Blood cultures grew Gram-positive rods, which were of the Lactobacillus species. The patient responded to the administration of antibiotics, and his hepatic tumors have not recurred in the 7 months since treatment. This is the first report of liver abscess following percutaneous ethanol injection therapy.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

[Infusion speed as a factor to influence the analgesic level of spinal anesthesia--hypobaric solution of tetracaine].

In spinal anesthesia, as known, the injection speed of local anesthetic drug is a factor which influences the analgesic level. For study it, automatic infusion apparatus was available to control as 5 kinds of infusion speed (0.02-0.51 mL/s), and 78 patients were divided into 6 groups. The results of the painless level was discussed by T-test and distribution analysis (F-test). The mean of painless level in each group was found to be no significant difference as discussed by T-test. But the largest distribution was found in the group of 0.04 mL/s, and high analgesic level as rise up to T6 was occasionally found in groups of 0.04 mL/s & 0.02 mL/s. It means, the infusion speed is not an important factor, but extremely slow infusion is more dangerous than high speed infusion, which will take a risk of high level spinal anesthesia.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Mutational analysis of simian immunodeficiency virus from African green monkeys and human immunodeficiency virus type 2.

We constructed ten mutants of simian immunodeficiency virus isolated from African green monkey (SIVAGM), and nine mutants of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) in vitro. Their infectivity, cytopathogenicity, transactivation potential, virus RNA, and protein synthesis were examined by transfection and infection experiments. Mutations in three structural (gag, pol, env) and two regulator (tat, rev) genes abolished the infectivity of both viruses, but vpx, vpr (HIV-2), and nef were dispensable and mutant viruses were indistinguishable phenotypically from wild type virus. A vif mutant of HIV-2 showed poor infectivity in cell-free condition, whereas SIVAGM mutants grew equally well with wild type virus. In transient transfection assays, rev mutants derived from both viruses produced mainly small mRNA species and no detectable virus proteins and particles. Transactivation potential of tat mutants originated from both viruses was about three- to ten-fold less than that of respective wild type DNAs, generating small amounts of virus.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[Determination of hepatitis B virus pre-S 2 antigen by reversed passive hemagglutination and its clinical significance].

Pre-S 2 antigen has been distinct as one of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers recently. We detected Pre-S 2 antigen by reversed passive hemagglutination (R-PHA) in 98 samples and investigated the correlation between Pre-S 2 antigen and other HBV markers. Forty-two samples in 98 surface(s) antigen positive samples were positive for Pre-S 2 antigen (42.9%). Nineteen samples in 21 e antigen positive samples and 20 samples in 74 e antibody samples were positive for Pre-S 2 antigen (90.5% and 27.0% respectively). Pre-S 2 antigen titers by half quantitative 2n dilution method ranged from 256 to 2048 or more in e antigen positive samples and from 8 to 64 in e antibody positive samples. They showed two-peak distributions. There were no significant correlation between Pre-S 2 antigen titers and GPT values. In conclusion, determination of Pre-S 2 antigen might be one of the useful indexes of proliferation of HBV.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis in a woman discovered at childbirth].

We report a case of transitional cell carcinoma of a renal pelvis in a woman discovered after childbirth. A 38-year-old woman, who delivered an immature male infant in cesarean section 29 days prior to hospitalization, was admitted complaining of asymptomatic gross hematuria. Excretory urography and retrograde pyelography showed a filling defect of the right renal pelvis, Spontaneous urine cytology indicated class 5. Renal computed tomographic scan demonstrated a mass lesion in the right kidney. Right total nephroureterectomy and partial cystectomy was performed for diagnosis and treatment. Pathological diagnosis was papillary transitional cell carcinoma (grade 2). This is the first case of transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis occurring in a childbearing woman in Japan.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Hepatic functional reserve and tumor size as prognostic factors in patients with primary liver cancer undergoing non-surgical therapy].

A prognostic study on 119 patients with primary liver cancer undergoing nonsurgical therapy was carried out to evaluate the relevance of hepatic functional reserve and tumor size to their cumulative survival rates. All patients were classified into the three groups of Child's classification (A, B and C) according to their hepatic functional reserve and were also divided into the five groups according to their tumor size. The cumulative survival rates of all patients at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years after the diagnosis were 50.9, 28.3, 18.8, 13.5 and 6.7%, respectively. The cumulative survival rates of group V whose tumor occupied more than 40% of the liver area were significantly lower than those of the other tumor-size-groups. The survival rates of Child's group A were significantly higher than those of group B and C. But in those patients who were classified into group V according to their tumor size, there was no significant difference in their survival rates among the three groups of Child's classification. These results suggest that hepatic functional reserve as well as tumor size is an important prognostic factor in patients with primary liver cancer. But if the cancer once develops greater than 40% of the liver area, hepatic functional reserve diminishes in value as a prognostic factor.

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMed1990

Evidence of enhanced uric acid clearance in macrohematuric patients with IgA nephropathy: prognostic significance of macrohematuria.

Renal handling of uric acid and clinical prognosis following episodes of macroscopic hematuria (EMH) were examined in 113 patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). EMH was observed in 34 out of 113 patients (30.1%). The levels of blood urea nitrogen, proteinuria, serum uric acid, beta 2-microglobulin in sera and the degrees of glomerular sclerosis in renal tissues in macrohematuric patients were significantly decreased than those in patients without EMH. The levels of uric acid clearance (Cua) and fractional excretion of uric acid (FEua) was significantly enhanced in macrohematuric patients (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.05, respectively). There was a significant correlation between the tubular atrophy and the levels of Cua in macrohematuric patients (p less than 0.005). The levels of serum creatinine in macrohematuric patients before and after three years were significantly decreased when compared with microhematuric patients (p less than 0.005). It is concluded that enhanced Cua was related to renal tubular atrophy, and EMH did not clinically influence the glomerular deterioration in patients with IgAN.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Changes in lymphocyte subsets, neutrophil function and complement levels in patients with complications following open heart surgery].

In order to evaluate the immune response during and after open heart surgery, we have studied 34 patients who received open heart surgery under extracorporeal circulation. Age range of these patients were from 41 to 76 years. These patients were divided into three groups, depending upon existence of multiple organ failure (MOF), low output syndrome (LOS) and non-LOS and non-MOF diagnosed from our criteria. The following cytological and immunological study has been performed pre-operatively, immediately after and on 1, 2, 7 and 14th postoperative day; 1) the leukocyte differential cell count, 2) function test of neutrophils, 3) lymphocyte subpopulation and subsets, 4) serum level of complement fractions (C3, C4) and CH 50. By lymphocytes analysis, postoperative early reduction of OKT 3 (CD 3) and OKT 4 (CD 4) was observed in patients with poor prognosis. Patients with the postoperative high activity of NBT reduction test was developed into MOF. Complement activity (C3, C4, CH50) decreased during surgery and recovered to preoperative level in patients without LOS and MOF. However in MOF patients, these values showed lower level than that of patients without LOS and MOF. Our data suggested that lymphocytes and leukocytes tests were useful to evaluate the prognosis in open heart surgery.

Adult↗