Biomedical subjects

H Sakagami

Publications and source records attributed to H Sakagami.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

[Morphological response of urinary bacteria to ceftibuten].

UNLABELLED: The morphological response of urinary Gram-negative bacteria to ceftibuten (CETB) was investigated in four patients with urinary tract infections (one patient: acute uncomplicated cystitis, three patients: chronic complicated urinary tract infection). The daily dose of CETB was 400 mg administered orally and the durations were 3 days for the acute uncomplicated cystitis case and 5 days for the chronic complicated urinary tract infection cases. In the four patients, changes in urinary CETB concentrations, viable bacterial counts, and morphology of the bacteria were studied after the initial administration. The urinary concentrations of CETB were 7.38-60.3 micrograms/ml at one hour after the first administration. The urinary viable cell counts were 1-5 x 10(7) cells/ml before administration, but they were reduced to 1-3 x 10(3) cells/ml at one hour after the first oral administration. Morphological changes of bacteria: Under phase contrast microscopy, filamentous debris and spherical bacteria with severe body damage were observed at 30 minutes after the first administration. By transmission electron microscopy, the cell wall of the filamentous bacteria showed a number of projections with formation of vacuolar structures in the space between the cell wall and the irregularly-shaped cytoplasm. According to the Japanese UTI criteria, the efficacy rate was 100% in the 4 patients. Neither side effect nor abnormal laboratory result was observed in any patient. CONCLUSION: The morphological changes of the bacteria suggested that CETB, in vivo, bounds not only penicillin-binding protein (PBP)-3 but also PBP-1.

Ceftibuten↗

PubMed1995

Identification and localization of gene expression of a low M(r) GTP-binding protein, ram p25 in pituitary gland.

The localization of gene expression of a low M(r) GTP-binding protein, ram p25, was examined throughout the entire brain of adult rat by in situ hybridization. ram-mRNA was expressed predominantly in anterior and intermediate lobes of pituitary gland (hypophysis), and weakly in hippocampal formation. In other parts of brain, no significant expression of ram-mRNA was detected, indicating that ram p25 may have an important role(s) in adenohypophysis. In 15-day-fetal rat, the mRNA was observed to be expressed strongly in the primitive anterior lobe of pituitary gland. The ram p25 was also detected in bovine pituitary gland by a specific antibody and was purified to near homogeneity by stepwise column chromatographies. Biochemical characterization of the purified ram p25 revealed that the profile of [35S]GTP gamma S-binding activity was almost the same as that of recombinant ram p25 expressed in E. coli.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1995

Localization of mRNAs of voltage-dependent Ca(2+)-channels: four subtypes of alpha 1- and beta-subunits in developing and mature rat brain.

The heterogeneous gene expression for four subtypes of alpha 1 (A,B,C,D)- and beta (beta 1,beta 2,beta 3,beta 4)-subunits of voltage-dependent calcium channels was demonstrated in developing and adult rat brain by in situ hybridization histochemistry. In the adult rat brain the gene expression for A- and B-subtypes was predominant in the cerebellar cortex and hippocampal neuronal layers, with the A-subtype expressed most intensely in the Purkinje cells, while the expression for C- and D-subtypes was predominant in the olfactory mitral and granule cells and the dentate granule cells. The expression of beta 1-mRNA was prominent in the olfactory mitral cells and dentate granule cells whereas that of beta 2-mRNA was evident in the hippocampal neuronal layers and cerebellar Purkinje cells. The expression of beta 3-mRNA was prominent in the olfactory mitral and internal granule cells and medial habenula, whereas that of beta 4-mRNA in the olfactory mitral cells and cerebellar Purkinje and granule cells. Comparison between the expression patterns for individual alpha- and beta-subunits suggests that the beta 4-subunit contributes to P-type channel, whereas the beta 1- and beta 3-subunits contribute respectively to D- and C-subtypes of L-type channels, although dissociation in the expression patterns were also noted in several brain regions. In addition to neuronal populations, the gene expression for the C-subtype of L-type channel was detected at substantial level in glial cells. In developing brains, the genes for the all subtypes of alpha 1- and beta-subunits were expressed in the mantle zones, but not the ventricular zones, of the entire neuraxis and the expression was more or less attenuated during early postnatal periods in most of the brain regions except for the olfactory bulb, hippocampus and cerebellar cortex, suggesting that the Ca(2+)-channels are intimately involved in the neuronal differentiation.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1995

Synchronous patchy pattern of gene expression for adenylyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase but discrete expression for G-protein in developing rat striatum.

The ontogeny of the gene expression for striatal adenylyl cyclase (AC), 63 kDa calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase (63 kDa CaM-PDE) and olfactory G-protein (Golf), all of which are expressed predominantly in the striatum, was studied by in situ hybridization histochemistry. In the peri- and early postnatal striatum, the gene expression for striatal AC and 63 kDa CaM-PDE showed a patchy pattern corresponding to the striatal patchy compartments enriched in several molecules involved in cAMP-signaling system including DARPP-32 (a dopamine and cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein with an apparent M(r) of 32,000). On the other hand, Golf showed a homogeneous expression pattern throughout the striatal development. The present finding suggests that the gene expression for the three molecules directly involved in the cAMP-generating and degrading system is differentially regulated during the striatal development.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗

PubMed1995

Molecular cloning of the cDNA for rat phosphatase inhibitor-2 and its wide gene expression in the central nervous system.

Inhibitor-2 (I-2) is the cytosolic regulatory subunit of type 1 protein phosphatase. We cloned and sequenced a cDNA for rat I-2 from rat brain cDNA library. By in situ hybridization histochemistry, I-2 mRNA was expressed throughout the adult rat brain (on the postnatal 7th week) at various hybridization intensities: high expression signals were detected in the hippocampal formation, olfactory neuronal layers, choroid plexus and cerebellar Purkinje and granule cell layers. Moderate expression signals were detected homogeneously through the layers II-VI of the neocortex. On the embryonic day 15, 1-2 mRNA was expressed moderately in both ventricular and mantle zones of the fore-, mid-, hindbrain and spinal cord, suggesting the possible involvement of I-2 together with type 1 protein phosphatase (PP-1) in the regulation of various early neuronal events including mitosis, migration and differentiation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1994

Immunohistochemical localization of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV in the peripheral ganglia and paraganglia of developing and mature rats.

The immunohistochemical localization of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV (CaM kinase IV) was examined in rat peripheral ganglia and paraganglia as well as brain. In sensory ganglia including the trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia, small- to medium-sized neurons were intensely immunoreactive. In the spinal cord, immunoreactive small neurons were seen in superficial laminae of the dorsal horn, whereas motoneurons were immunonegative. In autonomic ganglia including the superior cervical, celiac, and submandibular ganglia, almost all neurons were intensely immunoreactive for CaM kinase IV. In the small intestine, immunoreactive neurons were seen in the submucosal and myenteric ganglia. In all immunoreactive neurons, the immunoreactivity was localized predominantly in cell nuclei, whereas nucleoli and nerve fibers were completely free from immunoreaction. From the wide distribution and predominant nuclear localization of CaM kinase IV, it is suggested that CaM kinase IV might be involved in the modulation of gene transcription through the nuclear Ca(2+)-signaling in the peripheral as well as central nervous system.

Aging↗

PubMed1994

Cloning and nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding Asp-hemolysin from Aspergillus fumigatus.

The nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding Asp-hemolysin from Aspergillus fumigatus was clarified. The deduced amino acid sequence was shown to contain a set of negatively charged domains similar to portions of the cysteine-rich sequence in the ligand-binding domain of LDL-receptor. A potential signal sequence was also identified in the N-terminal domain of the deduced amino acid sequence.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1994

Single instillation of hydroxypropylcellulose-doxorubicin as treatment for superficial bladder carcinoma.

A single instillation of hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC)-doxorubicin (20 mg/20 ml) was performed in 20 patients with superficial bladder carcinoma. The therapeutic effect was assessed by cystoscopy at 14-30 days after the instillation, and the residual tumor tissue was resected by transurethral resection (TUR) when possible. The results obtained for the therapeutic effect were as follows: a complete response (CR), in 7 cases (35%); a reduction in size of more than 50% (partial response, PR), in 6 cases (30%); and a reduction of less than 25% in size (no change, NC), in 7 cases (35%). Combined intravesical instillation of HPC-doxorubicin and local hyperthermia using a Thermotron RF-8 was performed in 11 patients with recurrent superficial bladder carcinoma. The total number of treatment courses ranged from three to five per patient. The results obtained for the effect of this combined treatment were as follows: a CR, in 6 cases (54.5%); a PR, in 3 cases (27.3%); and NC, in 2 cases (18.2%). Therefore, the combination of intravesical instillation of HPC-doxorubicin and local hyperthermia was more effective against superficial bladder carcinoma than the single instillation of the chemotherapeutic agent alone.

Administration, Intravesical↗

PubMed1994

Localization of phosphatase inhibitor-1 mRNA in the developing and adult rat brain in comparison with that of protein phosphatase-1 mRNAs.

The localization and ontogenic changes in the gene expression for phosphatase inhibitor-1 (I-1) were analyzed by in situ hybridization histochemistry, and they were compared with those for three catalytic subunits of protein phosphatase type 1 (PP-1). At the adult stage, intense expression signals for I-1 were detected in the hippocampal formation, piriform cortex, claustrum, dorsal endopiriform cortex, suprachiasmatic nucleus, choroid plexus, arachnoid membrane, and pineal body. Moderate expression signals for I-1 were observed in the olfactory neuronal layers, caudate putamen, layers II-IV, and VI of the neocortex, and cerebellar granule cells, whereas the expression levels were low in the thalamus, cerebellar Purkinje cells, and brain stem nuclei. Although the expression levels for the three PP-1 mRNAs varied notably in various brain regions, a relatively high and parallel expression of I-1 and PP-1 mRNAs was found in most regions of the forebrain. However, the dissociation in the expression levels between I-1 and PP-1 mRNAs was found in several loci: the laminar expression of I-1 mRNA versus the homogeneous expression of PP-1 mRNAs in the cerebral cortex; low levels of expression of I-1 mRNA versus relatively high expression of PP-1 mRNAs in the brain stem nuclei; high expression of I-1 mRNA in the arachnoid membrane versus low expression of PP-1 mRNAs in it. The unparallel expression was also seen in embryonic brain: No significant expression of I-1 mRNA versus substantial expression of PP-1 mRNAs in the ventricular zone and cerebellar external granular layer; transiently high expression of I-1 mRNA in developing thalamus versus constantly moderate to low expression of PP-1 mRNAs there. These findings suggest that I-1 may play some discrete roles independent of the regulation of PP-1 in certain regions and developing stages of the brain.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Re-examination of the ontogeny in the gene expression of DARPP-32 in the rat brain.

By in situ hybridization histochemistry, we have re-examined the ontogeny of the gene expression of mRNA encoding the dopamine- and cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein with a molecular weight of 32,000, termed DARPP-32. On E13 and E15, weak expression signals were detected in the mantle zones and ventricular germinal zones of the fore-, mid-, hind-brain, and spinal cord. In the caudate putamen, the expression signals were first visible at its lateral margin on E15. The ventrolateral region of the caudate putamen expressed the gene intensely, while its ventricular germinal zone expressed it weakly on E18-20. Thereafter, the mRNA for DARPP-32 were expressed over the entire caudate putamen in patchy patterns. After birth, the expression levels in the caudate putamen increased markedly, with the majority of the neurons in the caudate putamen expressing the gene intensely on P7 and thereafter. In addition to the caudate putamen, expression signals were detected, albeit faintly, in the olfactory bulb, cortical plate, hippocampal pyramidal cell layer, and their ventricular zones on E18-20. The olfactory tubercle and medial habenular nucleus expressed the gene at slightly higher levels. In the cerebellum, the Purkinje cells showed progressively increasing gene expression from E20 to P7, whereas the external granule cell layer expressed the gene weakly. The ontogeny of the gene expression is largely consistent with previous immunohistochemical findings by other authors. Furthermore, the present finding suggests that DARPP-32 is involved in the regulation of the mitosis-related dephosphorylation by protein phosphatase 1 in the neuroepithelium.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

[Clinical study of intraurethral stent for patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy with 1-year follow up].

Seven consecutive patients with acute retention due to benign prostatic hyperplasia, were treated by insertion of an intraurethral stent using endoscopy under mucosal anesthesia. The patients were between 68 and 86 years old with an average age of 79.7 years. During the 1-year follow-up period all patients had satisfactory voiding. No complication or renal dysfunction were found. This device is a good alternative to an indwelling catheter in patients awaiting prostatic surgery and also in those who are either unfit or unwilling to undergo prostatectomy.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

[A case of adult giant hydronephrosis--a study of indication for kidney conservative operation].

A 40-year-old man with the complaint of right lower abdominal pain was admitted to our hospital. Urological examinations revealed right giant hydronephrosis and ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction caused by an aberrant artery. Radiography showed approximately 3,500 ml of fluid in the renal pelvis. Preliminary nephrostomy was performed and about 2,300 ml of fluid was removed. Enhanced computed tomography, angiography, radioisotope examination and pelvic urine analysis indicated that conservative operation in this case was possible and a pyeloplasty was performed. Two years after the operation the right renal function showed improvement with no complication of hypertension. Although nephrectomies have been performed in adult cases with giant hydronephrosis it is important to consider indication for conservative operations in those cases.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Novel inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase.

The inhibitory effects on poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase purified from human placenta of three classes of chemically defined tannins; gallotannins, ellagitannins and condensed tannins, were examined in vitro. Oligomeric ellagitannins were found to be most potent inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase, their potencies increasing with increasing number of monomeric residues (dimer < trimer < tetramer). Monomeric ellagitannins and gallotannins were less inhibitory. Condensed tannins, which consist of an epicatechin gallate oligomer without a glucose core, were not appreciably inhibitory. A structure-activity study showed that higher-order conformations of the conjugates with glucose of hexahydroxydiphenoyl and valoneoyl groups, which are unique components of ellagitannins, cooperatively potentiated the inhibitory activity.

Enzyme Inhibitors↗

PubMed1993

Benzylideneascorbate induces apoptosis in L929 tumor cells.

Sodium 5,6-benzylideneascorbate (SBA), which is known to be an antitumor substance, was found to induce apoptotic cell death of L929 tumor cells directly in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The dying cells exhibited cell shrinkage, disappearance of cell surface microvilli, chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation into nucleosomal oligomers characteristic of apoptosis. These results indicate a possible mechanism by which SBA induces tumor regression in vivo.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Interaction of pine cone extract fraction VI with mutagens.

Pine cone extract fraction VI (PC-VI) inhibited the mutagenicity of the promutagens tested: the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) dose-dependently, and the aromatic amines 2-aminoanthracene (AA) and 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) at high concentrations. PC-VI had no effect on the mutagenicity of the direct-acting mutagens 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitrofuryl)acrylamide (AF-2) and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), but inhibited the mutagenicity of the direct-acting mutagen N-hydroxy 2-acetylaminofluorene (N-OH AAF, proximate mutagen of AAF). The addition of PC-VI to rat hepatic microsomes resulted in a decrease of their enzyme activities, especially NADPH-cytochrome c reductase. By gas-chromatographic analysis of B[a]P or AA contents after incubation of B[a]P or AA and PC-VI and S9 mix, the inhibition of hepatic metabolizing enzymes and the interaction between AA and PC-VI were confirmed. On the other hand, PC-VI had no effect on the DNA repair systems for B[a]P- or AA-induced mutagenesis. We conclude that PC-VI shows indirect antimutagenicity by interfering with cytochrome P-450-dependent bioactivation and by direct interaction with AA and the proximate mutagenic product of AAF.

2-Acetylaminofluorene↗

PubMed1993

Anti-HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) activity of sulfated paramylon.

Sulfated derivatives of paramylon, a water-insoluble (1-3)-beta-D-glucan from Euglena gracilis, significantly inhibited the cytopathic effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1, HIV-2) and the expression of HIV antigen in cultured MT-4, MOLT-4 cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Native paramylon, N,N-dimethylaminoethyl paramylon, N,N-diethylaminoethyl paramylon, 2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammoniopropyl paramylon chloride, and carboxymethyl paramylon had little or no anti-HIV activity. The anti-HIV activity of the sulfated paramylon derivatives depended on the number of sulfate groups, and the molecular weight. Paramylon sulfate significantly inhibited HIV-1 binding to MT-4 cells. The anti-coagulant activity of the sulfated paramylon derivatives also depended on the number of sulfate groups, but was generally lower than that of dextran sulfate. The results point to the potential of paramylon sulfate in the treatment of HIV infection.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Cloning and sequencing of a gene encoding the beta polypeptide of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV and its expression confined to the mature cerebellar granule cells.

A cDNA encoding the beta polypeptide of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaM kinase IV) was isolated and sequenced from a rat cerebellar cDNA library. By in situ hybridization histochemistry, we demonstrated the differential gene expression for alpha and beta polypeptides of CaM kinase IV in mature and developing rat brains using oligonucleotide probes specific for each polypeptide.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1993

Differential expression of mRNAs encoding gamma and delta subunits of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II (CaM kinase II) in the mature and postnatally developing rat brain.

The expression of mRNAs encoding gamma and delta subunits of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II (CaM kinase II) in the brain of mature and postnatally developing rats was examined by in situ hybridization histochemistry. At the adult stage, mRNAs for both subunits were expressed in the olfactory bulb, and piriform cortex. The cerebral neocortex expressed the gamma subunit mRNA evenly through the layers II to VI at a moderate level, whereas the delta subunit mRNA was expressed in a distinctly laminar distribution. The hippocampal pyramidal and dentate granule cells expressed the gamma subunit mRNA intensely without any significant expression signals for the delta subunit. In the cerebellum, moderate expression signals for the gamma subunit were confined to the Purkinje cell layer, while intense expression signals for the delta subunit were detected in the cerebellar granule cell layer, without any significant expression signals in the Purkinje cell layer. In the spinal cord, mRNA for the gamma subunit was expressed in neurons throughout the gray matter, while the expression of mRNA for the delta subunit was confined to neurons in laminae I and IX. The expression pattern of genes for both subunits was basically accomplished at birth with lower intensity, except for the striatum and cerebellar Purkinje cells, which transiently expressed mRNA for the gamma and delta subunits, respectively, at birth. These results indicate that the expression of genes for each of the subunits of CaM kinase II is differentially regulated in various brain regions and that the individual subunits are involved in differential functions in mature and developing rat brain.

Animals↗