[A case of biloma treated with a expandable metallic stent].
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
H Saitoh
Publications and source records attributed to H Saitoh.
The secretory intestinal transport of some beta-lactam antibiotics and anionic compounds: a mechanism contributing to poor oral absorption.
The mechanisms of intestinal permeation of several beta-lactam antibiotics and anionic compounds were studied in vitro using excised rat intestinal segments. Permeation of cefazolin through jejunum, ileum and colon was highly secretory-oriented; serosal-to-mucosal permeation rates were two- to three-fold greater than mucosal-to-serosal permeation rates. Serosal-to-mucosal permeation decreased in the absence of D-glucose, and mucosal-to-serosal permeation increased, indicating that the preferential secretory transport of cefazolin is energy dependent. Ampicillin permeation across rat jejunum also favored secretion, whereas the permeation of cefaclor and cephradine favored absorption. Because cefazolin is anionic, several structurally unrelated anionic compounds were also tested. Of these only phenol red exhibited preferential serosal-to-mucosal permeation. The intestinal permeation of phenol red was concentration dependent and glucose dependent. Verapamil and a monoclonal antibody to P-glycoprotein only modestly and inconsistently affected the permeation of cefazolin, ampicillin and phenol red. Probenecid and guanidine were much more effective inhibitors of cefazolin and phenol red secretion. Mutual interactions between cefazolin and phenol red were also observed. These results show that the rat intestine has the capability for net secretory transport of some hydrophilic, anionic compounds. Transport of these compounds has some of the characteristics of organic anion and organic cation transport systems.
Ampicillin↗
Intracarotid blood pressure changes during contrast medium injection.
PURPOSE: To investigate changes in blood pressure during intracarotid injection of contrast material. METHODS: Two catheters were inserted into the ipsilateral common carotid artery of dogs. The proximal catheter was used for injection of contrast material and the other was positioned distally to monitor blood pressure. RESULTS: Distal intracarotid pressure rose significantly during injection of contrast material at all rates (5, 7, and 10 mL/s) and at all doses (0.2, 0.5, 0.7, and 1.0 mL/kg). In addition, these blood pressure elevations were shown to be correlated with injection rates and doses. Even when the pressure-monitoring coaxial catheter was advanced into smaller arteries, no decline in the impact of injection was observed. CONCLUSION: Intracarotid injection of contrast material causes a temporal elevation of cerebral blood pressure in dogs.
Animals↗
[Advances in the diagnosis of arrhythmia Holter's ECG].
Holter electrocardiography (ECG) is a non-invasive test widely used to evaluate variety of cardiac arrhythmias. The ability to record changing dynamic cardiac electrical phenomena, that often are transient and of brief duration, is the major clinical advantage of Holter ECG. The Holter ECG historically became an important clinical diagnostic tool for the recording of cardiac arrhythmias, but its use has evolved to include signal-averaged ECG and linear or non-linear analysis of heart beat variability. These uses provides insight into the substrate, modulator and the trigger of arrhythmias. This chapter will review the advances in technology and interpretation of Holter ECG recording within the context of its application to cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
[Transient heterogeneous enhancement on dual-phase helical CT of liver].
Transient heterogeneous enhancement was seen on the arterial phase of dual phase helical CT of the liver. The shape of the enhancement was appeared wedged or patchy. These phenomena without liver tumor were observed in 23 (2.3%) of 1012 patients with suspected hepatobiliary disease. Plain CT showed no attenuation difference in the liver. Twenty-two of these 23 cases were diagnosed as scarred liver, A-P shunt caused by liver biopsy, acute cholecystitis, liver abscess, liver cirrhosis, or advanced pancreas head cancer. The diagnosis of one case was uncertain. These phenomena were thought to be caused by 1) a regional direct increase in hepatic arterial flow due to arterial-portal (A-P) shunt, or hypervascular tumor ; or 2) a compensatory increase in hepatic arterial flow as a result of decreased portal venous flow caused by tumor invasion or severe liver cirrhosis.
Adolescent↗
Sequence variation found in the flanking region of a trimeric short tandem repeat at the PLA2 locus: its considerable effect on estimating alleles.
Amplified alleles at the PLA2 short tandem repeat locus were sequenced and analyzed using different combinations of the PCR primer. When changing one side of the primers from the previous design to our original one, additional alleles, which had been previously hidden, could be newly detected in two out of 60 DNA samples of unrelated Japanese individuals. The sequence data revealed both 'hidden alleles' to be accompanied by a 3-bp deletion in the 5'-flanking region of the trimeric short tandem repeat. The position of the deletion corresponded to the exact 3' end of the primer, which had been formerly used. In the present case, both of the base numbers, which constituted the core repeat unit and which were deleted in the 'hidden alleles', were equal. Therefore, it was impossible to distinguish an allele from that with not only an additional trimeric repeat but a 3-bp deletion without the sequence analysis. This result indicates that the estimated allele size does not always reflect the difference in the repeat number even if the alleles regularly differ in size by one repeat unit. Moreover, this study suggests the presence of apparent homozygotes, of which the fellow of the heterozygous alleles is hidden by an unsuccessful amplification due to the sequence variation.
Alleles↗
Urinary pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline as potential markers of bone metastasis in patients with prostate cancer.
PURPOSE: The levels of probable markers of bony metastatic disease were measured to evaluate their efficacy as predictors of disease and therapeutic outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Urinary pyridinoline, urinary deoxypyridinoline, serum alkaline phosphatase and serum osteocalcin were measured in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, clinically localized prostate cancer and prostate cancer with bone metastases. Also, urinary pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline were compared in 2 groups of patients with metastatic prostate cancer of the bone who demonstrated progression or positive response to treatment. Urinary pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline were determined by high performance liquid chromatography and were normalized to urinary creatinine. RESULTS: Levels of pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline in urine, and the level of alkaline phosphatase in serum from patients with bone metastatic prostate cancer were significantly greater than levels in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia or localized prostate cancer. Serum osteocalcin levels failed to separate the 3 groups. Serial measurement of urinary pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline was correlated with a positive response to treatment (decreased) and with clinical progression of disease (increased) before detection of new bone lesions by bone scintigraphy. CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of urinary pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline may provide a useful marker of prostate cancer metastatic to bone and may be useful in monitoring the response to treatment.
Aged↗
[Measurement of bone density by ultrasound bone densitometer in normal pregnant women].
The bone mineral density in reproductive aged and pregnant women was measured with an ultrasound bone densitometer (Achilles, Luner Co, USA). Both parameters of bone density on Os calsis, sound of speed (SOS) and broad ultrasound attenuation (BUA) were significantly correlated with bone mineral density in lumbar2-4 measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (p < 0.01) in reproductive aged women (mean age; 24.5 +/- 2.3, n = 30). The changes in bone density during pregnancy and at delivery were studied. In a cross-sectional study, no significant changes in SOS, BUA and stiffness were observed, but in a longitudinal study (n = 21), all of these parameters decreased as pregnancy advanced. The markers of bone turnover (serum Ca, alkaline phosphatase, procollagen type 1-C peptide, urinary Ca/Cr and deoxypyridinoline/Cr) did not change during pregnancy. Ten pregnant women with low bone density (less than-1.5 SD mean value) were found. There was no significant difference between the markers of bone turnover in pregnant women with low and normal bone density. The clinical usefulness of the screening of bone density of reproductive aged and pregnant women to detect osteopenia is suggested.
Adult↗
[Genetic diagnosis of pelvic lymph node metastasis using fine needle aspiration samples in prostate cancer].
We have developed a highly sensitive method to detect pelvic lymph node metastasis using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with primers specific for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) gene. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of pelvic lymph nodes was performed in 24 patients with prostate cancer. Each aspirated sample (0.05-0.1 ml) was divided into 2 parts; one for RNA extraction and RT-PCR to detect the fragment of PSA mRNA, and the other to smear on a slide glass for conventional cytology. The PSA gene was detected by RT-PCR in 11 FNAB samples which included not only all 6 cytologically positive and 2 cytologically class III cases but also 3 of 16 cytologically negative cases. The PSA gene was not detected by RT-PCR of FNAB samples in any of the 20 cases of bladder cancer. Thus RT-PCR for detection of the PSA gene in FNAB samples may be useful as a new diagnostic technique for detection of early lymph node metastasis in prostate cancer and an additional tool for cytological diagnosis of prostate cancer.
Aged↗
[Meandering pulmonary veins].
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Diagnosis, Differential↗
Liposome-entrapped phenytoin locally suppresses amygdaloid epileptogenic focus created by db-cAMP/EDTA in rats.
Status epilepticus was induced in rats by injecting a combination of dibutyryl-cAMP (db-cAMP) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) into the amygdala (AM), and the effect of phenytoin (PHT), entrapped in liposomes (PHT-L) and given intravenously at 40 mg/kg, on the spiking activity of the AM epileptogenic focus was examined. Electroencephalograms were recorded from the db-cAMP/EDTA-injected AM and the bilateral sensorimotor cortices. One dose of PHT-L, given 30 min after intra-AM db-cAMP, produced immediate and transient seizure suppression, but did not suppress the sequential spiking activity, which lasted for more than 5 h. In contrast, two doses of PHT-L, given 30 and 60 min after intra-AM db-cAMP/EDTA, produced delayed and local suppression of AM discharges, and immediate and transient seizure suppression was also observed. The AM discharges began to be suppressed about 100 min after the second injection of PHT-L injection, with no overt change occurring in cortical spiking activity. This was followed by total seizure suppression about 170 min after the second PHT-L injection. This effect was not observed after one or two injections of PHT alone. When horseradish peroxidase (HRP), to which the blood-brain barrier is impermeable, was entrapped in liposomes (HRP-L) and given intravenously 30 min after intra-AM db-cAMP/EDTA, an accumulation of HRP was found in the db-cAMP/EDTA-injected AM in 2 of the 5 animals tested. With 2 doses of HRP-L given 30 and 60 min after intra-AM db-cAMP/EDTA, the local augmentation of HRP in the AM was found in all 5 of the 5 animals tested. Our findings suggest that: (1) the AM epileptogenic focus created by db-cAMP/EDTA has a high affinity for liposomes, and this factor participates in the local suppression of AM discharges by PHT-L, and (2) two injections of PHT-L are required for the AM to gather an effective amount of PHT-L.
Amygdala↗
Structure and distribution of specific cis-elements for transcriptional regulation of PHO84 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Transcription of the PHO84 gene encoding a Pi transporter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is regulated by the Pi concentration in the medium. The promoter region of PHO84 bears five copies of the motif 5'-CACGT(G/T)-3', a candidate for the upstream activation site (UAS) that binds the transcriptional activator protein of the phosphatase regulon, Pho4p. These motifs are found at nucleotides -880 (site A), -587 (B), -436 (C), -414 (D), and -262 (E) relative to the putative ATG codon of PHO84. The Pho4p binds to all five 6-bp motifs with various affinities. Deletion analysis of the PHO84 promoter using a PHO84-lacZ fusion gene and base substitutions in the 6-bp motif revealed that two copies of the 6-bp motif, either C or D, and E, are necessary and sufficient for full regulation of the PHO84 gene. Results of expression studies with a CYC1-lacZ fusion gene with various 36-bp oligonucleotides including the 30-bp sequences around site D or E, or with modified sequences, inserted in the CYC1 promoter region indicated that the 6-bps motif flanked by a thymine nucleotide at its 5' end is much less effective as a UAS site for Pho4p in vivo than other versions. Thus, the consensus sequences for phosphatase regulation are 5'-GCACGTGGG-3' and 5'-GCACGTTTT-3' which differ from the binding sequences for the Cpflp protein required for transcription of the genes in methionine biosynthesis and for centromere function. However, Pho4p binding in vitro was unaffected by modification of the 5' or 3' flanking sites of the 6-bp motif, while modification inside the 6-bp motif affected it severely. The UAS function of the GCACGTTTT motif with respect to the Pi signal depends on its orientation in the promoter sequence.
Base Sequence↗
Different effect of hippocampal granule cell destruction on amygdaloid kindling in Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats.
The hippocampal granule cells receive major inputs via the perforant path from other limbic structures such as the amygdala (AM). In this study, we examined Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Wistar rats, the effect of bilateral destructions of the hippocampal granule cells on the process of AM kindling and kindled AM seizures after completion of kindling. The granule cells were selectively and completely destroyed bilaterally by intra-hippocampal injections of colchicine. The left AM was used as the primary kindling site and the right AM as the secondary site. In SD rats, prior destruction of the granule cells caused a marked delay in the seizure development of both the primary AM kindling and subsequent secondary AM kindling. However, once AM kindling was established in SD rats, the destruction of granule cells was totally ineffective in preventing kindled seizures. In Wistar rats, unlike SD rats, prior destruction of the granule cells failed to change the rate of kindling at the primary and secondary sites. However, Wistar rats showed a transient and marked regression of kindled seizures when the granule cells were destroyed after the completion of AM kindling. In both strains, granule cell destruction had no effect on the re-establishment of kindled seizures at the time of primary-site re-test. These findings suggest that hippocampal granule cells of SD and Wistar rats play different roles in AM kindling.
Amygdala↗
Successful treatment of invasive thoracopulmonary mucormycosis in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary mucormycosis associated with hematologic malignancy is an uncommon, but important opportunistic fungal pneumonia that is usually a fatal infection. Only a few survivors of pulmonary mucormycosis have been reported. METHODS: A case report of invasive thoracopulmonary mucormycosis during remission-induction therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and a review of the literature are presented. RESULTS: The fungal lesions extended to both lungs, the left ribs, and intercostal muscles. Percutaneous needle biopsy and immunostaining of the fungal hyphae established the diagnosis of thoracopulmonary mucormycosis. The patient was treated with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and intravenous amphotericin B for 9 weeks and the lesions in the right lung disappeared. Left pneumonectomy and partial resection of the chest wall were later performed. The left lung was grossly necrotic and contained a large cavity and bronchopulmonary fistula. Thereafter, antileukemic therapy was resumed and completed without recurrence of mucormycosis or leukemia. CONCLUSIONS: In the management of mucormycosis, the addition of G-CSF to the conventional treatment may substantially improve outcome.
Adolescent↗
Developmental changes of alpha 1-adrenergic chronotropic action on human sinus node.
The important role of alpha 1-adrenoceptors in reperfusion ventricular arrhythmia is mentioned in the introduction. However, the present report is concerned with the sinus node. It is speculated that the decreased positive chronotropic action of alpha 1-adrenergic stimulation due to aging may contribute to the development of sick sinus syndrome.
Adolescent↗
The RCC1 protein interacts with Ran, RanBP1, hsc70, and a 340-kDa protein in Xenopus extracts.
RCC1 is an abundant, highly conserved, chromatin-associated protein whose function is necessary for the preservation of a properly ordered cell cycle. RCC1 is also necessary for numerous nuclear processes, including nuclear transport and RNA metabolism; and it functions enzymatically as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for a small, ras-related GTPase called Ran. Studies in several organisms suggest that RCC1 may be part of a large complex containing multiple proteins. There is also evidence that RCC1 associates with chromatin through other proteins and that the binding of the complex to chromatin varies within the cell cycle. In order to characterize this putative complex, we have identified a number of other proteins as candidate components of the complex by their association with a GST-RCC1 fusion protein. Three of these proteins have previously been identified (Ran, RanBP1, and hsc70). The fourth protein is novel and has a molecular mass of 340 kDa. In this report, we discuss a preliminary characterization of the interactions between these proteins.
Animals↗
Enzymic reconstruction of glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharide chains using the transglycosylation reaction of bovine testicular hyaluronidase.
The reconstruction of glycosaminoglycan chains using the transglycosylation reaction of testicular hyaluronidase was investigated. First, the optimal conditions for the transglycosylation reaction catalyzed by the enzyme were determined by incubation with the enzyme, using hyaluronic acid (M(r) = 800,000) as a donor and pyridylaminated hyaluronic acid hexasaccharide having glucuronic acid at the nonreducing terminal as an acceptor. The carbohydrate chains as reaction products were determined by high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The optimal pH for hydrolysis by the enzyme was found to be about 5.0, whereas that for the transglycosylation reaction was about 7.0. Sodium chloride in the reaction medium inhibited the transglycosylation reaction. Under the optimal conditions, the carbohydrate chains were sequentially transferred along with disaccharide units to the nonreducing terminal of the acceptor and elongated up to docosasaccharide from the acceptor, pyridylaminated hexasaccharide. Using a combination of hyaluronic acid, chondroitin, and chondroitin 4- and 6-sulfate as an acceptor and a donor, it was possible to reconstruct hybrid chains, which were natural or unnatural types of glycosaminoglycan chains. Therefore, it is highly likely that application of the transglycosylation reaction using testicular hyaluronidase would facilitate artificial reconstruction of glycosaminoglycans having some physiological functions.
Animals↗
Treatment of multiple primary squamous cell carcinomas of the lung.
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of multiple primary bronchogenic cancers, especially squamous cell carcinoma, has been increasing as a result of improvements in early detection and cancer therapy. MATERIALS: We treated 14 patients with multiple squamous cell carcinoma of the tracheobronchial tree and lung, which corresponded to 2.3% of all squamous cell carcinoma patients undergoing resection. RESULTS: Two patients had peripheral secondary tumors and underwent segmentectomy or partial resection of the lung with good results. The secondary lesions were superficial and minute (less than 5 mm) in 3 patients, and treated with neodymium-yttrium aluminum garnet laser ablation. Five patients had endobronchial tumors of the nodular or polypoid type with suspected deep invasion or invasion extending beyond the bronchial wall based on the bronchoscopic findings. They underwent parenchymal-sparing limited bronchoplasty with excellent results. Three patients had more advanced tumor with massive invasion outside the bronchial wall without lymph node metastases, 1 patient underwent sleeve lobectomy with long survival, and the other 2 patients without operation died of bleeding or had recurrence. One patient with stage IIIA (T2 N2) secondary cancer who underwent lobectomy died 14 months after the second operation. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical treatment of multiple squamous cell carcinoma is justified and limited operation using bronchoplastic techniques provides superior results.
Aged↗