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Biomedical subjects

H S Thompson

Publications and source records attributed to H S Thompson.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

The prevalence of simple anisocoria.

We photographed the pupils of 128 normal subjects in dim light, morning and afternoon, for five consecutive days. Fifty-two of the subjects (41%) had an anisocoria of 0.4 mm or more at one time or another during these five days, but only four (3%) had unequal pupils of 0.4 mm or more in all ten photography sessions. At any given examination, a fairly constant 19% (24 of 128) of the subjects showed this amount of anisocoria. These numbers shifted dramatically when anisocoria was defined as a pupillary inequality of greater than, or less than, 0.4 mm. The prevalence of anisocoria did not vary with the time of day, from day to day, or from week to week, nor was it influenced by the sex, age, or iris color of the subject.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The pupil cycle time.

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Autonomic Nervous System Diseases↗
PubMed1987

Relative afferent pupillary defect in eyes with retinal detachment.

Relative afferent pupillary defects were measured before and after surgery in 38 patients with unilateral rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. All 38 patients were measured preoperatively and the mean (+/- SD) pupillary defect was 1.4 +/- 0.7 log units. The afferent pupillary defect decreased in 36 of the 38 patients after successful scleral buckling operations (postoperative mean = 0.4 +/- 0.3 log units). Twenty patients had defects postoperatively of 0.3 log units or less, and seven of these had no measurable defects at all. A prediction model, using the variables of total number of peripheral quadrants detached and whether the macula was detached, yielded the following prediction equation: Relative afferent pupillary defect (log units) = 0.35 X (total quadrants) + 0.68 X macula detachment. This means that the detachment of each peripheral quadrant of retina caused about 0.35 log units of defect, whereas detachment of the macula caused 0.68 log units. The standard error of this estimate was rather large (+/- .65 log units); therefore, the size of the afferent pupillary defect can only roughly predict the extent of the retinal detachment and vice versa.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

The effect of target behavior monitoring on weight loss and completion rate in a behavior modification program for weight reduction.

Although behavior modification of obesity is usually described as a behavior change procedure, measurement is most often limited to the outcome variable of weight loss. The present investigation employed detailed behavior monitoring forms in half of 16 obesity groups (n = 173) matched across four different therapists. The percentage of compliance for nine specific treatment behaviors was charted from these monitoring forms. At the end of treatment, the eight groups that had the behavior monitoring treatment averaged over 6 pounds more weight lost than the matched control groups as well as showing significantly better attendance. The between group weight loss differences were still evident 3 months after treatment.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1986

Relative afferent pupillary defect in central retinal vein occlusion.

In a prospective study, 120 patients with unilateral central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) were investigated to determine the role of the relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) in differentiating ischemic from nonischemic CRVO. In 87 patients with nonischemic CRVO, 90% had a RAPD 0.3 log units or less and none had a RAPD larger than 0.9 log units. In contrast, in 33 patients with ischemic CRVO 91% had a RAPD of 1.2 log units or more, and none had a RAPD smaller than 0.6 log units. Thus, this simple, quick, and inexpensive test has proved to be a highly sensitive and reliable indicator in the differential diagnosis of the two types of CRVO.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1986

Spatial contrast sensitivity in facial recognition.

Recognition and learning of complex images may depend on spatial processing characteristics of the visual system. Prosopagnosia, an impairment of visual learning and recognition of faces, might result from impaired perception in spatial channels carrying crucial information. We studied spatial contrast sensitivity (SCS) in two subjects with stable facial recognition defects. One had relative SCS reduction for high-frequency gratings but could process high frequencies in room light. The other had normal SCS. Both had intact spatial processing relative to image size. The results suggest that impairments in visual spatial channels are not necessary for the development of prosopagnosia.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Gastric administration of type II collagen delays the onset and severity of collagen-induced arthritis in rats.

Rats were per-gastrically dosed by gavage with collagen type II (CII) in solution and were shown, as a result, to be subsequently resistant to the induction of disease by CII administered parenterally in Freund's incomplete adjuvant. Disease onset was delayed and the severity was reduced. There was no concomitant reduction in the systemic antibody response to CII. Gavage with CII did not in itself induce systemic anti-CII antibodies and did not cause symptoms of arthritis. The results indicate that materials specifically cross-reactive with autoantigens can be absorbed through the gut and can modify susceptibility to autoimmune disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Functional visual loss.

Patients with functional loss of visual acuity or visual fields range from the "deliberate malingerer" to the "suggestible innocent." Between these extremes are patients with varying mixtures of fraud and suggestibility. These patients do not, as a rule, have psychiatric disease and do not need to see a psychiatrist. The ophthalmologist must be able to control frustration with these patients to prove that the patient has better visual fields and visual acuity than admitted to, and so that he can perform a careful, dispassionate examination to establish that no organic disease is present. This examination makes it possible to offer believable reassurance to the patient. Simple reassurance seems to be effective therapy.

Evoked Potentials, Visual↗
PubMed1985

Differentiation between recently resolved optic neuritis and central serous retinopathy. Use of tests of visual function.

A test battery was performed on 13 patients with resolved central serous retinopathy and on 13 patients with resolved optic neuritis to see whether the tests would help to distinguish between the two conditions. We found that the most useful discriminators were the relative afferent pupillary defect, followed by the visual evoked potential latency and the critical flicker frequency. The total error score on the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue Test and the nature of the color vision defect were not helpful in separating the two diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Decreased visual acuity from optic disc drusen.

Although visual field defects occur commonly from optic disc drusen, reduction in visual acuity is rare. We describe four patients with reduced visual acuity and one with visual field constriction to the point of legal blindness that resulted from optic disc drusen. The acute episodic and stepwise nature of visual loss in some of the cases in our series suggests a vascular mechanism. Reduced visual acuity from drusen remains a diagnosis of exclusion. It should be considered, however, when visual loss has been acute and nonprogressive or stepwise in a nerve fiber bundle distribution and when visual acuity is not reduced until visual field constriction is severe.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Pupillary constriction to darkness.

Patients with congenital achromatopsia and congenital stationary night blindness have been known to show a transient pupillary constriction to darkness. We examined 50 normal subjects and 108 patients with retinal and optic nerve dysfunction to see if any had an initial pupillary constriction to darkness. We used a new infrared television apparatus. Four patients with congenital stationary night blindness, four with achromatopsia, two with bilateral optic neuritis, and one with dominant optic atrophy showed the phenomenon. In the patients who showed this unusual pupillary response to darkness it was the first observable event every time the lights were turned off. The constriction could usually be seen with a handlight, and it was similar in latency to the normal pupillary dilatation to darkness. Pupillary constriction to darkness is a clinically valuable sign that can be used in the detection of congenital retinal disease in children with poor vision.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Arecoline miosis.

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Arecoline↗