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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Biomedical subjects
H S Deol
Publications and source records attributed to H S Deol.
The influence of gamma inulin and Algammulin on the immune response in sheep to a recombinant antigen of Taenia ovis.
Gamma inulin and Algammulin, two new adjuvants, were examined and compared with alum and Freund's Complete/Incomplete Adjuvant (FCA/FIA), for potentiation of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) and humoral immunity in sheep to a recombinant Taenia ovis antigen. The ability to protect sheep when challenged with live T. ovis eggs was also assessed. The results showed that gamma inulin and Algammulin induced a CMI response which was comparable to the FCA/FIA and alum groups and significantly higher than the control saline group. While gamma inulin, Algammulin and alum performed similarly and induced a significantly higher humoral immune response than the saline group. FCA/FIA elicited a much higher humoral immune response. Algammulin did not show the synergistic effect seen in mice and performed similarly to gamma inulin and alum alone. All the adjuvant groups induced significantly higher IgG1 and IgG2 levels than the saline group and they all favoured IgG1 production. When the sheep were challenged with live T. ovis eggs, at 25 weeks after primary immunization, the only group to show significant protection was the one which received FCA/FIA.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
Effect of the ingestion of heliotrope and copper on the concentration of zinc, selenium and molybdenum in the liver of sheep.
Merino wethers were used to examine the effect of feeding heliotrope, with and without additional copper (Cu), on the development of clinical signs, lesions in the liver and concentration in the liver of Cu, zinc (Zn), selenium (Se) and molybdenum (Mo). The feeding of heliotrope reduced liver concentrations of Zn (P < 0.05) and Mo (P < 0.01), but Cu ingestion had no effect on these parameters. The concentration of Se in the liver was only increased when heliotrope was given with copper (P < 0.01); it had previously been shown that Cu and heliotrope ingestion is followed by an interaction which results in a marked increase in the concentration of Cu and the production of extensive lesions in the liver. The increase in liver Se may therefore have represented a passive or active response to liver necrosis, whereas effects on Zn and Mo represented specific metabolic disturbances attributable to heliotrope feeding.
Alkaloids↗
The effect of copper and heliotrope on the composition of bile in sheep.
The effects of interrupting the enterohepatic circulation (EHC) of bile salts for seven hours and of feeding copper and heliotrope alone and combined for 13 weeks, on bile flow and excretion of copper, zinc, iron and alpha-mannosidase were studied in sheep. Interruption of EHC reduced bile flow rate and increased the concentration of copper, zinc, iron and bile acids while alpha-mannosidase's activity remained stable. Changes in concentration were related to changes in bile volume for copper and zinc only. Total output per hour was not changed. Biliary concentration of copper correlated with alpha-mannosidase's activity in control sheep and those given copper or heliotrope, supporting the hypothesis that lysosomes are involved in biliary secretion of copper in sheep. Increasing the intake of copper increased the rate of excretion of copper in bile. Copper output was lower when heliotrope was fed alone.
Animals↗
Experimental copper and heliotrope intoxication in sheep: morphological changes.
Young Merino wethers were used to determine the effects of copper and heliotrope, fed together or separately, on the development of toxicity and the concentration of trace elements in the liver and kidney. In one experiment copper and heliotrope were given concurrently, in a second experiment heliotrope was fed for 12 weeks and copper administration commenced 8 weeks later. The 10 sheep fed heliotrope alone did not show signs of clinical illness but one died and was found to have severe liver damage. Eleven sheep were given copper alone and three developed the clinical signs and lesions of haemolysis. Fourteen sheep were given copper and heliotrope and 13 became ill. Of these, three developed haemolysis, eight became jaundiced and two became weak without developing jaundice. The concentrations of copper in the livers of control and heliotrope-treated sheep, were comparable. In the animals given copper alone, the concentration of copper in the liver was twice as high as that in controls and in those given heliotrope and copper, it was three times as high as in the liver of control sheep. Feeding heliotrope alone induced the histological changes of pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicity in the liver, but this was not associated with an excessive accumulation of copper or the development of clinical illness. However, it did predispose the animals to the effects of a second toxin since giving heliotrope and copper concurrently, or giving copper subsequent to feeding heliotrope, markedly enhanced the toxicity of the two substances and caused an excessive accumulation of copper in the liver.
Animals↗