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Biomedical subjects

H Rowland

Publications and source records attributed to H Rowland.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Experiences in a dental emergency clinic.

This report provides descriptive information on the Dental Emergency Clinic at the Royal London Dental Hospital. General information was recorded over 6 months (January-July 2001) regarding total number of patients presenting for treatment, number of patients turned away, sex, age, and ethnic origin of the patient. Demographic information was recorded as well as reason for attendance source of referral and treatment carried out. This data was statistically analysed. Between January and July 2001 6299 patients presented to the Royal London Dental Hospital for treatment on the Dental Emergency Clinic. 73% of patients were seen on the Dental Emergency Clinic, whilst 27% were turned away. The mean daily attendance on the clinic was 31 patients. The majority of patients who attended this clinic were white (English, Scottish and Welsh, 39.1%). The next largest ethnic group were Bangladeshi (8.2%). The highest rate of attendance was in the 20-39 year old age band. The majority of patients attended from the surrounding health authority region (East London and City). The majority of patients attended without referral (78.9%), nearly a quarter were referred by their general dental practitioner (21%). Dental pain was the main reason for attendance (73%). 4054 patients were seen and treated with 4325 items of treatment carried out. There was an 8.4% increase in items of treatment between January-March 2001 and May-July 2001. April was excluded to avoid bias due to re-organisation of the clinic. This increase did not show statistical significance (p > 0.05). Most of the patients attending the Dental Emergency Clinic are aged between 20 to 39 years and from the surrounding health authority region. The majority of the patients are from the indigenous population, even though the clinic is situated in a culturally diverse part of London. Since April 2001 there was a reorganisation of the Dental Emergency Clinic. Although the mean number of patients attending the clinic did not increase, the number of items of treatment increased by 8.4%. This reflects the trend of increase in items of treatment being provided for the patients on the day of presentation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Whither career development in the NHS?

Observes that changes in the nature of employment and career development in the private sector have also affected the National Health Service in a similar way. Highlights how economic pressures have forced organizations to rationalize their workforces, and with this has come an end to the psychological contract which has existed between employers and employees. Outlines the nature of those changes, and their effect on individuals who need to take responsibility for their own career development. Suggests that there is now a need to develop a new moral contract between employers and employees. In return for job security, employers can offer a range of developmental opportunities to enable employees to become more employable when new employment is required.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1986

Complement pathway activity in the opsonization of mutant strains of Salmonella typhimurium.

Two separate complement pathway activities and their interaction in the opsonization of mutant strains of Salmonella typhimurium by human neutrophils were investigated in 1% and 10% sera. In the absence of antibody, all mutant strains of S. typhimurium could activate complement by either the classical or the alternative pathway. The presence of antibody did not alter alternative pathway activity but enhanced the classical pathway activity, especially for those strains possessing intact core structure and in the presence of 10% serum. This effect of antibody on classical pathway activation decreased as the lipopolysaccharide chain length decreased. The finding that the presence of antibody reduced the classical pathway activity in the opsonization of SL 1032 (Rd1) strain in 10% serum was unexpected. This suggests that if complement activity in the absence of antibody is already marked, the presence of antibody cannot increase it further. Inhibition was also found in the interaction between classical and alternative pathways. For SL 1032 (Rd1) strain, in the absence of antibody, either classical or alternative pathway activity alone could be maximally activated in 10% serum and when present together were in competition with each other. The interaction, either enhancement or inhibition, was not only dependent on the individual strain but also on the concentration of serum. In general, enhancement occurred in the presence of 1% serum while inhibition was observed in the presence of 10% serum. Such antagonistic interaction has not previously been reported.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1986

Effect of EGTA on phagocytosis of Salmonella typhimurium by human neutrophils.

The ingestion of mutant strains of Salmonella typhimurium by human neutrophils was greatly reduced by the presence of ethylene glycol tetra-acetic acid (EGTA) in the reaction mixture. Ingestion of preopsonized bacteria by neutrophils was little affected by Ca++ in the reaction mixture but largely reduced by the presence of EGTA. In addition to chelation of Ca++, EGTA has an adverse effect on neutrophils. In studies of phagocytosis, to avoid this effect, EGTA should not be present in the reaction mixture when it is used to prevent the complement classical pathway activation.

Blood Bactericidal Activity↗
PubMed1985

Bactericidal and opsonizing effects of normal serum on mutant strains of Salmonella typhimurium.

The bactericidal and opsonizing effects of normal human serum on six strains of Salmonella typhimurium LT-2 having different lipopolysaccharide (LPS) composition were demonstrated through five indices. Complement activity in the presence of antibody was important for the opsonization of all six strains and for the bactericidal effect on rough mutants. Complement activity, either in the presence or absence of antibody, was involved in the ingestion strains of SL 901 (SR) and SL 1032 (Rd1) by human neutrophils. Strain SH 5014 (Rb2) was avidly ingested by neutrophils and totally dependent on complement activity in the presence of antibody. The ingestion of strain SH 2201 (S) was also mediated exclusively by complement activity in the presence of antibody but not as efficiently as were rough mutants. Antibody, as demonstrated by quantitative fluorescence, enhanced the complement activity on the ingestion of the S, SR, and Rb2 strains by neutrophils. The intracellular killing of six strains was enhanced significantly by complement activity in the presence of antibody. The overall survival in the presence of serum and neutrophils decreased as the LPS became shorter. Complement activity in the presence of antibody enhanced extracellular killing only for strains SL 901 (SR) and his 515 (Ra). It was shown that there was no difference between SR and Ra strains in all five indices, suggesting that the one additional O-antigen side chain does not make the SR strain more resistant than the Ra strain. Although resistance by S. typhimurium to host defense mechanisms increases as the LPS chain length increases, the specific LPS structure appears to be of greater importance, especially with respect to opsonization.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1984

Antibiotics and human defence mechanisms: the effects of ampicillin and cefotaxime on intra- and extracellular killing of Salmonella enteritidis.

In-vitro reaction mixtures were set up containing bacteria, human serum, human neutrophils and ampicillin or cefotaxime at the MIC, MIC/2 or MIC/4. Serum was untreated, heat-inactivated, absorbed or both. Five indices measuring intra- and extracellular killing were calculated and the effects of heat-labile and absorbable serum factors and of the various concentrations of antibiotics on these indices were calculated. Both heat-labile and absorbable factors enhanced intra- and extracellular killing; antibiotics had a similar effect except that phagocytosis was reduced. Antibiotics at MIC/4 exerted as great an effect as did higher concentrations and this was especially so for cefotaxime. Both heat-labile and absorbable serum factors had a greater effect on all five indices the lower the concentration of antibiotic with advantage for cefotaxime. In the presence of immunological serum factors the overall effect against Salmonella enteritidis is maintained as the concentration of antibiotic falls below the MIC and this is especially seen in the presence of cefotaxime.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1969

Biblical drugs.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Bible↗