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Biomedical subjects

H Rostad

Publications and source records attributed to H Rostad.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Survival in lung cancer after surgery.

In 1053 patients hospitalized for primary lung cancer the overall crude survival rate (5 years) was 15.5%. Prognostically favourable indices were: absence of clinical symptoms (27% survival) and a peripheral site of tumour in the lung (28% survival). Duration of symptoms, when present, had no consistent influence on prognosis. Resection could be done in 419 cases. In this group the 5 years survival rate was strongly related to the extent of surgery and the completeness of resection. Cases with a radical lobectomy had a survival rate of 52% against 9% only in patients with a pneumonectomy that might not have been radical. Of 33 cases of resected small cell anaplastic cancer, 10 survived more than 5 years. This unexpectedly high survival rate persisted after revision of the histological typing and may justify an active surgical attitude even in this group of patients. Although hardly decisive in this context, confusion between the comprehensive term small cell carcinoma and its subtype, oat cell cancer, should be avoided.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Lung cancer. Symptoms, signs and diagnostic criteria.

A consecutive hospital series of 1 053 patients treated for lung cancer during the period 1962 through 1971 has been studied. Clinical symptoms were present more often in men than in women and in 42% symptoms had been noted more than 6 months prior to the diagnosis. Peripheral tumours gave less symptoms than central ones. Although in 22% of the patients the tumour was discovered on a chest film in the absence of relevant symptoms, 12% only had been detected by regular mass X-ray screening. More than 40% of the peripherally located tumours were clinically silent. Squamous cell and anaplastic small cell cancers were predominantly centrally located (80 and 90%, respectively) against 65% and 74% for adenocarcinomas and undifferentiated large cell tumours.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Lung cancer. Treatment and early results.

Of 1053 patients with primary cancer of the lung, 549 (52%) underwent thoracotomy and 40% a presumably radical resection. Lobectomies were performed in 227 patients (41% of those operated), pneumonectomy in 160 (29%). Early mortality (death within 30 days) was 5.5% with the highest figure (11%) after pneumonectomy, 5% after explorative thoracotomy and 3% after lobectomy. Cardiorespiratory failure and myocardial infarction occurred in 19 (3.5%) of the operated cases and were responsible for 14 early deaths. Bronchopleural fistula developed in 11 patients. Of 874 morphologically classified tumours, squamous cell composed 45%, undifferentiated large cell 17%, small cell anaplastic 14%, adenocarcinoma 19%, carcinoid 2% and others 3%. Of 21 tumours typed as small cell anasplastic prior to therapy, six were differently classified at the later (postoperative/postmortal) stage.

Bronchial Fistula↗
PubMed1976

Traumatic arteriovenous fistulas. A follow-up study.

Over the period 1958 to 1972 14 patients with traumatic arteriovenous fistulas were treated. The mean period from trauma to surgical closure of the fistula was 13.3 years. No form of reconstructive vascular surgery had been performed initially. The dominating symptom of arteriovenous fistula was a pulsating tumor with a marked thrill. Excision of the fistula and reconstruction of the artery and vein was performed in 11 patients. In 3 patients the fistula was first ligated resulting in early recurrence of the shunt. At follow-up 3-15 years postoperatively all fistulas were closed, but 5 patients had moderate symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Experiences with various types of mitral valve prostheses.

During the period 1967-1973, four different types of mitral valve prostheses were used by the same surgical group. Altogether 139 patients are included in this study. With the exception of the surgical approach, the operative technique was the same in all groups. The total mortality varied from 17% in the group receiving the Björk-Shiley valve to 40% in the Beall valve group. Thrombo-embolic complications were responsible for three deaths in the Beall and one death in the Lillehei-Nakib group. All patients had been on the adequate anticoagulant therapy. At follow-up, 40 to 77% of the patients had improved functional class, the best results being obtained in the Björk-Shiley group. The diastolic gradients across the prosthetic valves varied from 9 to 4 mmHg at rest. Again, the Björk-Shiley valve gave the most favourable result. The results and significance of the various parameters are briefly discussed.

Female↗
PubMed1976

Long-term shunt palliation for Fallot's tetralogy.

One hundred and sixty-two systemic-pulmonary shunts of various types were performed in 136 patients with Fallot's tetralogy. There were 72 Blalock-Taussig shunts, 31 Potts and 24 of Waterston shunts. Furthermore, systemic-pulmonary anastomoses with interposed grafts were made in 34 cases. The patients were followed up for 1 to 23 years, average 12 1/2 years. The total mortality varied from 25% in the Waterston group to 42% in the Potts group. The immediate palliative effect of the shunt operation in the surviving patients seemed to be independent of the type of shunt used. At follow-up, 9 of 69 patients originally operated upon with a Blalock-Taussig shunt were alive with their original shunt, while the corresponding figure in the Potts group was 12 of 30. More than 20 years after palliation, one of 15 patients were alive with an original Blalock-Taussig shunt and 9 of 22 with a Potts anastomosis. Surgical problems in construction of the shunts and the long-term results are briefly discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Total correction of Fallot's tetralogy.

Eighty-six patients with Fallot's tetralogy underwent total correction; 80% of them were less than 15 years old. Twenty-five patients were operated upon with primary intracardiac repair, while 61 had undergone some form of palliative heart surgery previously. A patch of woven Dacron was used in the outflow tract reconstruction in 9 cases. The total mortality was 28%, 11 of the 23 deaths were presumed to be caused by low cardiac output, arrhythmia and cardiac arrest. The 62 patients surviving surgery have continuously had a good result and are without disability. The reasons for the relatively high mortality in this series, as well as the controversy concerning the one-stage or the two-stage approach for repair of Fallot's tetralogy, are briefly discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Abdominal aortic aneurysm with aorto-vena caval fistula and retroperitoneal rupture. Report of a case.

One successfully treated case of ruptured aortic aneurysm with aorto-caval fistula is reported. At admission a large pulsating mass was present in the abdomen, and a prominent continuous bruit was heard by stethoscopy. Surgery revealed an aortic aneurysm with a retroperitoneal rupture and a large aorto-caval communication as well. The fistula was closed with continuous sutures, and after excision of the aneurysm the arterial continuity was re-established using a "Millinit" dacron graft. The postoperative course was uneventful.

Aorta, Abdominal↗