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Biomedical subjects

H Robinson

Publications and source records attributed to H Robinson.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Epidemiological, dietary, toxicological and clinical nutrition studies on low-income population groups from a geographical area with endemic chronic arsenic poisoning.

An epidemiological, dietary, toxicological and clinical nutrition study, in an area with endemic chronic arsenic poisoning, was made. In a pilot study on 100 subjects from Antofagasta Commune, water dietary intake was associated with age (r = 0.678; P less than 0.000005). In a dietary survey (N = 220), performed to measure the mean and median arsenic doses, by age groups, there was a significant correlation amongst males (r = 0.800; P = 0.00956) and females (r = -0.791; P = 0.01121). A nutritional assessment of a male population sample (N = 100), of labourers and their children, showed a negative per cent change for food energy in 9 of the 10 age groups, with a maximum negative value of -47.4 (11--12 year-old group), when compared with U.S. recommended daily dietary allowances. For total protein intake, all age groups exhibited a negative per cent change, reaching a maximum value of -27.8 (7--10 year-old group). Since two boys with chronic arsenical dermatosis and prekwashiorkor were drinking water with a mean arsenic concentration of 0.08 and 0.06 ppm, respectively, a maximum permissible concentration of arsenic in drinking water of 0.01 ppm has been recommended as an international safety standard.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Characteristic early electroencephalographic changes in herpes simplex encephalitis.

We review electroencephalograms taken from 17 patients with severe meningoencephalitis within seven days of onset of CNS symptoms and prior to cortical brain biopsies. All patients had CNS disease clinically compatible with the diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE). The diagnosis was demonstrated by the isolation of virus from the brain in five patients (group 1) but considered highly unlikely in the other 12 patients (group 2) by negative immunofluorescent studies and failure of viral isolation from the brain tissue. Abnormal but nonspecific EEGs with diffuse or focal slowing were found in all patients. Distinctive high-voltage, 1-cycle-per-2-to-3 seconds periodic sharp waves from unilateral temporal lobes were seen only in three of the five patients with virologically proved HSE but in none of the 12 patients without viral isolation. This EEG pattern is strikingly similar in all three patients, regardless of their age, and may be specific for the early diagnosis of HSE prior to brain biopsy. The EEGs of the other two patients with proved HSE did not contain such abnormalities. Athough periodic EEGs with some resemblance to those previously described may occur in other CNS disorders, their presence strongly suggests the diagnosis of HSE when recorded from patients with viral meningoencephalitis. Moreover, EEGs may help locate the best site for cerebral biopsy since maximal yield of the virus in this study was from unilateral temperoal lobes corresponding with the site of local EEG changes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Preliminary criteria for the classification of the acute arthritis of primary gout.

The American Rheumatism Association sub-committe on classification criteria for gout analyzed data from more than 700 patients with gout, pseudogout, rheumatoid arthritis, or septic arthritis. Criteria for classifying a patient as having gout were a) the presence of characteristic urate crystals in the joint fluid, and/or b) a topus proved to contain urate crystals by chemical or polarized light microscopic means, and/or c) the presence of six of the twelve clinical, laboratory, and X-ray phenomena listed in Table 5.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

A comparison of fasting plasma insulin and growth hormone concentrations in marasmic, kwashiorkor, marasmic-kwashiorkor and underweight children.

Fasting plasma insulin and growth hormone concentrations were measured in 24 marasmic, 11 kwashiorkor, 16 marasmic-kwashiorkor, and 4 underweight children. Hormone measurements were made by a special modification of the Hales and Randle double antibody immunoassay with increased sensitivity in the concentration range 0-25 micronU/ml. Fasting plasma insulin was low in marasmus, kwashiorkor, and marasmic-kwashiorkor children, and increased to normal levels after recovery. Fasting plasma growth hormone was elevated in all groups during malnutrition and was significantly decreased to normal levels after recovery. There were no significant differences in plasma insulin or growth hormone levels between the different clinical types of severe protein energy malnutrition. These hormonal changes in severe protein energy malnutrition are of complex and not fully understood etiology. However, recovered children appear to have a hormonal pattern similar to that described in normal control infants and children.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1976

Self-instructional teaching of biostatistics for medical students.

A growing body of literature deals with the use of self-instructional methods for teaching biostatistics to medical students. The University of Tennessee Department of Community Medicine tested the hypothesis that, in controlled, randomized situations, learning of statistical material by self-instruction is equivalent to learning identical material by the lecture method. An analysis of student performance, in terms of the grades obtained on two separate examinations, showed that students learning by self-instruction did as well or better than their colleagues taking lectures. On the basis of these results, self-instructional biostatistics for medical students at the University of Tennessee has been selected as the major teaching method of that subject.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed1976

Effect of beta adrenergic stimulation and blockade on cutaneous reactivity to histamine.

It has been previously demonstrated that iontophoresis of beta adrenergic agents will alter the size of immediate hypersensitivity skin tests. It was unclear whether this alteration was due to an effect on the dermal mast cell (inhibition of histamine release) or on the cutaneous vasculature (inhibition of capillary permeability). For this reason isoproterenol, propranolol, diphenhydramine as a positive control, and saline as a negative control were iontophoresed onto the forearm of 10 atopic and 10 nonatopic adult subjects. In order to bypass histamine release from mast cells the patients were then challenged directly with histamine by the "prick" technique. The size of the resultant wheals was noted. The data obtained allowed the following conclusions: (1) The atopic group responded to histamine with greater wheal size than the nonatopic group. (2) Iontophoresis of diphyenhydramine effectively reduced the magnitude of the histamine wheal in both groups. (3) Isoproterenol decreased the wheal size in both groups. (4) Propranolol increased the wheal size in only the nonatopic group. (5) The successful modulation of the histamine-induced wheal and flare indicated that these drugs, regardless of their effect on the dermal mast cell, exert a measurable effect on the target organ (vasculature).

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1976

External stabilization of a replanted upper extremity: case report.

A case replantation of the upper extremity is presented using external fixation as the method to achieve bony stability. Although internal fixation may remain the method of choice for stabilization of a replanted limb, external fixation can also provide bony stability where more conventional methods are not applicable.

Adult↗