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H Raspe

Publications and source records attributed to H Raspe.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Theories and models of chronicity: on the way to a broader definition of chronic back pain].

Chronic back pain is one of the most common and costly disorders. An overview shows that chronicity has various definitions, of which purely temporal ones predominate. Back pain is said to be "chronic" if it lasts for a variable number of weeks or months. Our attempt to refine such definitions is based on three previous works: Loeser's multidimensional pain model, the oncological TNM model and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health of WHO (ICF). We suggest an unidirectional process of pain in the back to a complex pain syndrome including other types of pain, various bodily complaints and cognitive as well as emotional impairments, and propose an empirically testable research model.

Back Pain↗
PubMed2003

[A brief scale for measuring subjective prognosis of gainful employment: findings of a study of 4279 statutory pension insurees concerning reliability (Guttman scaling) and validity of the scale].

The psychometric properties of a 3-item scale for the assessment of subjective vocational disability were tested in 4279 blue-collar workers. Internal consistency of the scale was estimated by Guttman scaling. To evaluate construct validity the scale was compared to other measures of vocational ability, functional capacity, comorbidity, psychic status, and indicators of occupational handicap. The results are highly satisfactory, and the scale can be recommended for further use in rehabilitation research. Ongoing research is discussed.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2003

[Efficacy of inpatient rehabilitation for chronic back pain in Germany: a systematic review 1980-2001].

BACKGROUND: Chronic back pain has a high personal impact, is frequent and of outstanding economical relevance. Analysis of the international literature indicates strong or moderate evidence for the effectiveness of multimodal multidisciplinary team care of chronic back pain. Our review aims at a complete review and critical appraisal of German studies of inpatient medical rehabilitation. METHODS: We conducted a systematic search for relevant German studies (1/1980 - 6/2001) using electronic data bases, manual search of congress abstracts and postal questionnaires of 712 German rehabilitation clinics. Relevant studies were categorized according to the recommendation of the Cochrane Back Review Group. For all studies, aims, participants, type of intervention, evaluation time, main outcomes and results were extracted and tabulated. The effect size for 6 central outcome parameters (pain intensity, functional status, catastrophizing, depression, vitality, days on sickness leave) were calculated using pre-post comparisons and were integrated into short and long term weighted means of intra-group effect sizes. RESULTS: 30 studies, both controlled and uncontrolled, report a multitude of positive changes with inpatient rehabilitation treatment. Improvements included both somatic and psychological parameters. However, methodological quality was often poor; only three studies fulfilled the criteria for high quality. Comparison of meta analyses of German and international studies indicates partly good agreement (e. g. changes in pain intensity), partly discrepancies (e. g. functional ability in daily activities). Taken together, inpatient rehabilitation treatment for chronic low back pain in Germany appears to be of low to moderate efficacy. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: In the era of evidence based medicine, inpatient rehabilitation has to show its usefulness, necessity and efficiency as any other type of health care. For the German system of inpatient rehabilitation of chronic back pain available evidence is not conclusive, due to a lack of randomised controlled studies. The prevailing design of observational cohort studies has severe limitations in proving a causal relationship between outcomes and intervention. The international literature however provides more valid evidence in favour of the multimodal multidisciplinary intervention in chronic back pain. Under the assumption of a "class effect" of medical rehabilitation the German data seem to corroborate the conclusions drawn from international studies.

Germany↗
PubMed2003

[Chronic back pain: more than pain in the back. Findings of a regional survey among insurees of a workers pension insurance fund].

BACKGROUND: Surveys with a main focus on back pain tend to isolate the complaint from possibly concomitant pains, other symptoms and disorders. Severe chronic back pain is assumed here to imply more than pain in the back. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: We report results from a two stage survey conducted in 1998 - 2000. The initial postal questionnaire addressed all 10,000 actively employed blue collar workers from a regional pension fund (Landesversicherungsanstalt Schleswig-Holstein) aged 40 - 54 and residing in or around Luebeck/Germany (68 % males). Subjects reporting severe and disabling back pain were invited to a socio-medical examination. The response and participation rates were 58 % and 65 % respectively. Non-response and non-participation seem to result in minor though opposite, effects. RESULTS: The prevalence of current back pain (back pain of any severity within the past 7 days) is high (68 %; including 16 % with severe, disabling back pain) despite the preponderance of males and a probable healthy worker effect. 82 % of subjects participating in the second round reported recurrent or persisting back pain on the day of examination, in the majority with a chronic fluctuating and overall deteriorating course pattern. 18 % reported no current back pain and hence gave prospective (and additionally retrospective) evidence of an episodic-intermittent course of the disorder. The former group showed significantly more pains, bodily complaints, dysfunctional cognitions, emotional distress and concomitant disorders. 35 % of them indicated back pain as their dominant health problem; 49 % identified back pain and another disorder as dominant, and 16 % reported other prominent health problems. More than 70 % of "other" disorders originated from the musculoskeletal system often involving the extremities. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION: Back pain is very common among blue collar workers. Severe disabling back pain is usually associated with numerous other pains, bodily complaints, disorders, and indicators of psychological distress ("amplified back pain"). However, even amplified back pain is not always the sole or dominant health problem. Assessing the degree of "amplification" seems helpful in splitting a previously homogeneous group of severely affected back pain sufferers-with possible prognostic and therapeutic consequences.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Falls explain between-center differences in the incidence of limb fracture across Europe.

There is important geographic variation in the occurrence of the major osteoporotic fractures across Europe. The aim of this study was to determine whether between-center variation in limb fracture rates across Europe could be explained by variation in the incidence of falls. Men and women, aged 50-79 years, were recruited from population-based registers in 30 European centers. Subjects were followed by postal questionnaire to ascertain the occurrence of incident fractures, and were also asked about the occurrence and number of recent falls. Self-reported fractures were confirmed, where possible, by review of the radiographs, medical record, or subject interview. The age- and gender-adjusted incidence of falls was calculated by center using Poisson regression. Poisson regression was also used to assess the extent to which between-center differences in the incidence of limb fractures could be explained by differences in the age- and gender-adjusted incidence of falls at those centers. In all, 6302 men (mean age 63.9 years) and 6761 women (mean age 63.1 years) completed at least one questionnaire concerning fractures and falls. During a median follow-up time of 3 years, 3647 falls were reported by men and 4783 by women. After adjusting for age and gender, there was evidence of significant between-center differences in the occurrence of falls. There was also between-center variation in the occurrence of upper limb, lower limb, and distal forearm fractures. Variation in the age- and gender-adjusted center-specific fall rates explained 24%, 14%, and 6% of the between-center variation in incidence of distal forearm and upper and lower limb fractures, respectively. Given the constraints inherent in such an analysis, in men and women aged 50-79 years, variation in fall rates could explain a significant proportion of the between-center variation in the incidence of limb fracture across Europe.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed2002

[Problems in defining obesity in prepubescent children: consequences for assessing the requirements for medical rehabilitation].

INTRODUCTION: Prevalence of obesity has been on the increase in recent years. In contrast to obesity in adulthood, childhood obesity is still not uniformly defined. This results in problems to determine the need for medical rehabilitation. METHODS: The Kiel Obesity Prevention Study (KOPS) is a cross-sectional study assessing the nutritional status of 5-7 year-old German children. Three different definitions of overweight and obesity (German reference data for triceps skinfold thickness [90(th) percentile] and BMI [90(th)/97(th) percentile] as well as an international standard for BMI [extrapolated to levels of adults]) were applied to 1,643 children of KOPS enrolled between 1996 and 2000 (19 % of all first-graders in Kiel in this period). RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight varies from 9 to 21 % depending on the applied definition. With the definitions of overweight and obesity based on newer BMI percentiles a part of overweight children are not classified as such. The present state of art is that there is only a need for obese children for medical rehabilitation: these are 3.3 and 3.5 % of 5-7 year-old children in Kiel, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Experts should work out an agreement concerning a uniform definition of childhood obesity. Currently, medical rehabilitation services are offered only to extremely obese children. There is a need for more and earlier preventive measures.

Body Mass Index↗
PubMed2002

[Rehabilitation score for patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus: An instrument to standardize assessment of the need for rehabilitation].

Type 2 diabetes is considered a multidimensional health impairment which includes several components like risk factors, cofactors and complications. The early and consequent therapy of all of these components reduces secondary complications. Instead of simply applying drug treatment, a more holistic concept including behavioural medicine therapy and empowerment of patients has been found much more effective. The facilities required for such a multifactorial therapy by different health care professions could easily be provided by the medical rehabilitation services available under the German pension insurance scheme. However, this emphasizes the demand for standardized protocols to achieve an objective allocation of rehabilitation services to individuals in need. In an epidemiological study on 12 429 working insurants (age 41 - 60 years) of the pension insurance fund in the region of Luebeck, persons suffering from type 2 diabetes were identified and evaluated regarding a need for medical rehabilitation. Therefore, an algorithm was developed quantifying the multidimensional disturbances which accumulate in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The following indicators are taken into consideration: risk factors like eating behaviour, lack of physical activity, smoking and stress; metabolic parameters such as HbA1c and plasma lipids; cofactors like hypertension and depression and, additionally, the acute complication of hypoglycaemia. Based on this rehabilitation score, 19 % of cases in a preliminary evaluation of 79 patients with type 2 diabetes showed a need for medical rehabilitation therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Determining the need for medical rehabilitation services of employed members of the legal pension fund. A recommendation from social medicine and social legal viewpoints].

Assessing health care needs in populations has become a major activity of public health medicine worldwide. Its methodology has been developing mainly in the English-speaking world. Concept, methods, and techniques have not yet reached Germany though recently the national expert advisory council for the concerted action in health care (Sachverständigenrat für die Konzertierte Aktion im Gesundheitswesen) provided first "official" definitions of demand, supply, and need to identify over- and undersupply in health care. This article aims at defining, from a combined sociolegal and sociomedical perspective, the need for medical rehabilitation measures among insurees of German pension funds. According to section 15 SGB VI rehabilitation is conceived as a medically coordinated multimodal-multidisciplinary intervention with a cognitive-behavioural orientation. To objectify the need for rehabilitation a series of 9 questions was developed enquiring inter alia about the presence of a disease or disability, the extent or "amplification" of the disorder, its course pattern, the implied risk of permanent work disability and likely success of rehabilitation. Nonspecific back pain served as a paradigmatic condition. One of the main problems encountered is the presently small evidence base to arrive at the necessary prognostic and therapeutic judgements.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Significance of selected preventive, therapeutic and rehabilitation services reflected in a population survey].

BACKGROUND: Statutory health insurance bodies in Germany are experiencing increasing deficits, which raises the demand for rationalising health benefits. This, however, requires the establishment of priorities unless absolutely necessary benefits have to be cut. In other words, we must examine the preferences, expectations and experiences of the insured population. Within the framework of this study, we tried to find out the preferences and assessment of health services by the German population in the Lübeck region. DESIGN: Mail survey (questionnaire and two reminders) to register the preferences and attitudes to guaranteed medical services in the light of threatening deficits. The random sample was drawn by the residents' registration office in Lübeck, the criteria being an age of between 25 and 64 years, German nationality and principle domicile in Lübeck. INSTRUMENT: Postal questionnaire with 7 pages including 9 question complexes on the importance of preventive, curative and rehabilitative health services with 88 items and personal data. RESULTS: We succeeded in contacting 992 persons and achieved a response rate of 64.1%. 67% of the participants (n = 634) conveyed about their opinion on economic decisions in health care. 12% refused any involvement. In respect of importance and the cost of medical interventions, preventive, curative and rehabilitative interventions for children have highest priority. In the curative and rehabilitative sphere the emphasis lies on the severity of the illness. Interventions with controversial effectiveness were rated less important by the respondents and hence these should not be financed by the health insurance companies in every case, in the opinion of the persons who had been questioned. CONCLUSIONS: The evaluation shows that most participants could cope quite well with this questionnaire and were ready to be involved in decisions concerning health care. Like the participants of Ann Bowling's survey about the investigation of preferences in the UK, our respondents give medical interventions for children (independent from the medical sector) a higher priority. Mit vorang. Satz weicht die engl. Zusammenfassung von der dt. Zusammenfassung ab Apart from this it is obvious that interventions with controversial effectivity should not be covered by the health insurance companies to the same extent as those with established effectivity, which is, in a way, in contrast to valid German legal regulations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Relevance and financing of health services: a survey of physicians, students, patients, nursing personnel and seniors].

BACKGROUND: In Germany public opinion is increasingly in favour of being included in decisions on priority and rationalisation of health care, as practiced in other countries for years. One question is, which influence medical know-how and patients' experience have on the assessment of health services (importance or reimbursement of expenses). In addition to a representative survey it would be appropriate to include certain groups like physicians, medical students, nursing staff, patients and inhabitants of old people's homes in a relevant survey. DESIGN: We conducted a survey of six groups, differing in medical know-how, personal affliction and age, by a highly standardized questionnaire. The group of physicians received the questionnaire by mail with one reminder. The questionnaire was handed out to the other groups (directly). SETTING: 150 practices of internal specialists and general practitioners in and around Lübeck, a preclinical and a clinical semester of the Medical University of Lübeck, an old people's home in Lübeck-Travemünde and a cardiological clinic for rehabilitation in Bad Segeberg. SUBJECTS: 150 practising physicians (internal specialists, general practitioners), 100 medical students of a preclinical semester and another 100 of the fifth clinical semester, 100 patients in cardiological consulting hours in a cardiological clinic, 100 members of the nursing staff of the same clinic and 110 residents in an old people's home. The survey period was between December 1997 and February 1998. INSTRUMENT: The questionnaire was identical to a parallel public survey. On the one hand defined health services were assessed in respect of importance and reimbursement of expenses. On the other hand, more general questions were asked regarding possible ways of financing or economization in public health. RESULTS: A response rate of 82% was achieved in the group of inhabitants of the old people's home. Doctors and students showed a response rate between 60% and 70%, while the response rate of patients and nursing staff was about 50%. A clear agreement between groups could be found in the evaluation of health services in the case of severe illnesses of children, which achieved the highest rating. The evaluation of health services of controversial effectivity like homoeopathic drugs or acupuncture varied most. There was a tendency in the patients' group to rate the importance of the listed health services higher than in the other groups, especially doctors and clinical students. All groups showed readiness to assign more financial consequences to patients with illnesses caused by the patient's behaviour, e.g. dangerous forms of sports or smoking. CONCLUSION: Laity as well as experts showed a distinct interest in the complex subject. Medical know-how goes along with a more critical evaluation of the importance of numerous indications. Patients distinguished less between different health services. The questionnaire showed that those directly concerned wish to be included in the discussion and feel that decisions concerning priority-setting in public health should not be left to politicians and health insurance companies alone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Rapid reviews for evidence-based decision support. (Restricting) requirements].

Since evidence-based decision making is increasingly gaining acceptance among German health care authorities the need for evidence-based support for time-critical decisions becomes obvious. The best method to identify and summarize the available evidence is the conduct of systematic reviews of the literature. However, generally systematic reviews are not applicable in matters of urgency, because of their time consuming preparation. Concepts for "rapid reviews" are urgently required which ensure that these reviews still produce reliable results. The article proposes strategies to accelerate the preparation of a systematic review and discusses their possible influences on the conclusions of the review. Research efforts are needed to clarify which of the accelerations actually yield valid results.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed2001

["Clinical medicine will be a science or it will not be," Observations on evidence-based medicine and its critique by Rogler and Scholmerich (2000)].

During its short life time evidence-based medicine (EbM) has been subject of partly fierce criticism, mainly from the side of the clinic. In Germany, Rogler and Schölmerich (September 2000) published a critical commentary on EbM in the Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift. Our text is intended as a rejoinder. It firstly aims at clarifying the concept of EbM, especially its contribution to the science of clinical medicine, and it secondly answers relevant details of Rogler and Schölmerich's criticism. Their text turns out to be a mixture of truly relevant remarks, exaggerations, misunderstandings and obvious errors.

Evidence-Based Medicine↗
PubMed2000

Influence of occupational factors on the relation between socioeconomic status and self-reported back pain in a population-based sample of German adults with back pain.

STUDY DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional postal survey and interview substudy. OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between socioeconomic status and severe back pain and to determine whether this association can be explained by occupational factors. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Like other disorders, back pain and its consequences are inversely related to indicators of high socioeconomic status. METHODS: The associations between indicators of socioeconomic status and presence or severity of current back pain (no back pain or back pain of low intensity and low disability versus back pain with high intensity and/or high disability) were investigated in a survey among German adults 25 to 74 years of age (n = 2731) and an interview substudy of 770 participants with a recent history of back pain.- RESULTS: In the survey, educational level was inversely associated with back pain and severe current back pain. Similarly, in the interview substudy, educational level, vocational training, occupational class, household income, and health insurance status were inversely related to severe current back pain. Age-adjusted and gender-adjusted odds ratios were 0.36 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.25-0.52) for immediate educational level and 0.37 (95% CI 0.18-0.73) for high educational level. Recalled work tasks at the onset of back pain were significant risk factors of severe current back pain (heavy physical work: odds ratio [OR] 1.77, 95% CI 1.06-2.93; work in bent position among males: OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.03-3.46). After adjusting for occupational class or work tasks, the association between educational level and severe current back pain remained unchanged.- CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the hypothesis that severe back pain is less prevalent among adults of higher socioeconomic status. The underlying mechanism could not be explained by differences in self-reported occupational factors.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Validity of self-report of fractures: results from a prospective study in men and women across Europe. EPOS Study Group. European Prospective Osteoporosis Study Group.

In population-based studies of osteoporosis, ascertainment of fractures is typically based on self-report, with subsequent verification by medical records. The aim of this analysis was to assess the validity of self-report of incident nonspine fractures using a postal questionnaire. The degree of overreporting of fracture (false positives) was assessed by comparing self-reports of new fracture from respondents in the multicenter European Prospective Osteoporosis Study with data from other sources including radiographs and medical records. In the analysis, 563 subjects reported nonspine fractures. Verification of the presence of fracture was possible in 510 subjects. Of these, fractures were not confirmed in 11% (false positives). The percentage of false positives was greater in men than in women (15% vs 9%, p = 0.04), and less for fractures of the distal forearm and hip than for fractures at other sites. In a separate study, the degree of underreporting (false negatives) was assessed by follow-up of 251 individuals with confirmed fracture ascertained from the records of fracture clinics in three European centers (Lubeck, Oviedo, Warsaw). Questionnaire responses were received from 174 (69%) subjects. Of these, 12 (7%) did not recall sustaining a fracture (false negatives). The percentage of false negatives was lower for hip and distal forearm fractures with only 3 of 90 (3%) such fractures not recalled. Using the combined data from both studies, of those who reported a 'date' of fracture on the questionnaire, 91% of subjects were correct to within 1 month of the actual date of the fracture. A postal questionnaire is a relatively simple and accurate method for obtaining information about the occurrence of hip and distal forearm fractures, including their timing. Accuracy of ascertainment of fractures at other sites is less good and where possible self-reported fractures at such sites should be verified from other sources.

Aged↗