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Biomedical subjects

H Rasmussen

Publications and source records attributed to H Rasmussen.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Asynchronous double-sided angle-closure glaucoma--a condition in an ipratropium/terbutaline treated patient under artificial ventilation].

A case is presented of an intubated, sedated patient, without previous eye problems, who developed acute angle closure glaucoma (AACG) after receiving nebulized terbutaline and ipratropium bromide for an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive airway disease. When a patient under this treatment develops a fixed dilated pupil, as in this case, it is recommended to consider AACG among the possible causes.

Female↗
PubMed1994

[Interobserver variation in the classification of diseases].

The aim of this study was to describe the variation between observers in classification of diseases, with special regard to pregnancy, birth and maternity. Four observers A, B, C and D classified 150 random cases of pregnancy, birth and maternity. The rate of agreement between the observers and their use of diagnosis was evaluated. The total agreement-rate was 58% concerning diagnoses of pregnancy, 82% concerning maternity and 13% concerning delivery; with variation between the observers at 71-85%, 86-96% and 26-54%. The diagnostic spectrum of the observers and their criteria for the use of diagnoses were variable. In conclusion, great variation was found between observers in classifying diseases, due to different diagnostic criteria being used by the observers, and due to misunderstanding of the Classification of Diseases. The setting-up of committees of branch-specialists is recommended, if we in the future want to use a public diagnostic register as a tool for research. These committees must achieve consensus concerning the need for classification within each specialty, define criteria of diagnosis and effect recommendation or education in the system of classification.

Female↗
PubMed1994

[Resistant gram-negative bacteria at seven intensive care units in Denmark].

A prospective study on the prevalence of resistance to 16 antibiotics in 704 Gram-negative bacteria isolated from seven intensive care units was undertaken in 1990. A microtitre panel carrying 16 antibiotics was used for susceptibility testing. The study revealed minor differences in resistance between the participating centres. The overall resistance was relatively low in Denmark, but there was increased resistance among E. coli from intensive care units compared to E. coli isolates from bloodcultures collected in 1988. At one centre the susceptibility of P. aeruginosa to gentamicin was slightly lower than at other centres, indicating a minor outbreak during the collection period. P. aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae with inducible production of beta-lactamases showed cross-resistance between penicillins and cephalosporins, but not between penicillin/cephalosporins and imipenem gentamicin or ciprofloxacin. The resistance among the repeated isolates of inducible Enterobacteriaceae was slightly higher than among the initial isolates indicating acquisition of resistance or selection of resistant mutants.

Denmark↗
PubMed1994

Structure determination of glucose isomerase from Streptomyces murinus at 2.6 A resolution.

Glucose isomerase from Streptomyces murinus has been crystallized in space group P4(1)2(1)2, cell dimensions a = b = 137.65 and c = 132.20 A. One dimer of the tetrametric molecule is found per asymmetric unit. An initial structure solution was obtained by the molecular replacement method. The crystallographic refinement was performed using molecular dynamics techniques with X-ray restraints. The final crystallographic R value is 21.4% at 2.6 A resolution including 3023 non-H atoms, two metal ions and two water molecules per monomer.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

Retroviral synthetic peptide serum antibodies in human sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

We examined 101 sera from 32 adult sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, including nine with positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) serum antibodies against human spuma retrovirus (HSRV) [human foamy virus (HFV)] envelope (env) and/or capsid (gag) proteins, for peptide seroreactivity. Synthetic peptides 10 to 14 amino acids in length were selected from HSRV (3), maedi-visna virus (1), human nerve growth factor-beta (1), and human amyloid-beta sequences (1). Eighteen of 101 ALS sera compared with six of 144 control sera reacted to any of the sequences (p < 0.01) (i.e., 8/32 ALS patients and 2/93 control patients bound to a synthetic peptide, p < 0.01). Peptide VLA- [NGF beta(1-14)] was reproducibly recognized by one of the 93 neurologic controls, and one of the 32 ALS patients reproducibly reacted to synthetic peptides [EET-, HSRVenv/NGF beta(55-61)] and [GSN-, beta-amyloid(25-35)] simultaneously. This amyloid-A(25-35) peptide corresponds to the neurotoxic and neurotrophic tachykinin homology sequence described by Yanker. Only ALS patients (no controls) reacted with the visna/CNTF peptide SMC- and HSRVbcl-1/amyloid(740-751) peptide EGP-. Testing a total of 245 sera from 125 patients, three reproducible reactivities (two ALS, one OND) were observed both with and without glutaraldehyde linkage. Of the four peptides recognized either by more than one serum from the same patient with ALS or by sera from ALS patients only (EET-, GSN-, SMC-, EGP-), two share a circumscript homology with maedi-visna virus envelope glycoprotein (Table 1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Postoperative intraperitoneal adhesions].

Almost any surgical procedure in the abdomen inevitably produces adhesions. During this century a large number of papers have been published on this subject. A great amount of experimental studies have been carried out, and a lot of laboratory animals have been sacrificed, in order to find preventive measures against adhesions. A general agreement exists concerning the etiology and pathogenesis of adhesions, but currently no methods have been found to prevent adhesions which could be proven by controlled clinical trials. However, recent animal studies have given rise to a certain optimism. In these experimental models adhesions could effectively be prevented by topical tissue plasminogen activator without side effects. The use of the gastrointestinal prokinetic agent Cisaprid and free radical scavengers have also shown positive results. Intestinal or mesenterial plication procedures, described in several case control studies, might have a place in the treatment of intestinal obstruction due to extensive adhesions under certain circumstances.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

T-type calcium channels in adrenal glomerulosa cells: GTP-dependent modulation by angiotensin II.

With the use of whole-cell and single-channel current recordings, we have examined in more detail the site of action of angiotensin II (AII) on multiple populations of voltage-gated calcium channels in bovine adrenal glomerulosa cells. AII (10 nM) enhances whole-cell T-type calcium channel current and increases the activity of single T-type calcium channels in cell-attached patch recordings. The AII-induced enhancement of whole-cell calcium channel currents is dependent on the presence of internal GTP and can be inhibited by the competitive AII-receptor antagonist saralasin (1 microM). These results show that AII augments the T-type calcium channel current in bovine adrenal glomerulosa cells.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1993

Influence of glucagon-like peptide-1 on beta cell responsiveness.

The postulated incretin factor glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) causes a glucose-dependent increase in insulin secretion from perifused rat islets. In the presence of 6 mM glucose the response to 10 nM GLP-1 is characterized by a large initial spike of secretion, followed by a brief, slowly rising phase. However, after 30-40 min of stimulation, this phase subsides to prestimulatory secretory rates. Raising the glucose level to 8 mM, however, amplifies and sustains the stimulatory effect of 10 nM GLP-1. The response to GLP-1 (10 nM) in the presence of 8 mM glucose is abolished by the metabolic inhibitor mannoheptulose (15 mM), and reduced by the calcium channel antagonist nitrendipine (5 microM), or the protein kinase C inhibitor of staurosporine (20 nM). A significant synergistic effect of GLP-1 (10 nM) and 10 microM carbachol, a cholinergic agonist, on insulin secretion was observed in the presence of 6 mM glucose. In the presence of either 6 or 8 mM glucose, GLP-1 (10 nM) has no significant effect on glucose usage or on inositol phosphate generation in [3H]inositol prelabeled islets. The results support the concept that GLP-1 may function as an important physiologic incretin factor, particularly when accompanied by agonists that activate phosphoinositide hydrolysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

New patterns of diacylglycerol metabolism in intact cells.

The metabolism of di[1-14C]octanoylglycerol metabolism was examined in four cell lines: NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, BHK cells, Pam 212 keratinocytes and WEHI 3BD+ cells. We found the direct conversion of 1,2-di[1-14C]octanoyl-sn-glycerol ([14C]diC8) into dioctanoylphosphatidylcholine and dioctanoylacylglycerol, but no formation of phosphatidylinositol. The [14C]diC8 also underwent lipolytic breakdown. In contrast, 1-[1-14C]oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol was metabolized exclusively by lipolysis. Our findings support a new scheme for the metabolic termination of diacylglycerol signals.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1993

Immunologic effects of national cholesterol education panel step-2 diets with and without fish-derived N-3 fatty acid enrichment.

Reductions in dietary fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol have been recommended to reduce the risk of heart disease in our society. The effects of these modifications on human cytokine production and immune responses have not been well studied. 22 subjects > 40 yr of age were fed a diet approximating that of the current American (14.1% of calories as saturated fatty acids, [SFA], 14.5% monounsaturated fatty acids [MUFA], 6.1% [n-6] polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFA], 0.8% [n-3] PUFA, and 147 mg cholesterol/1,000 calories) for 6 wk, after which time they consumed (11 in each group) one of the two low-fat, low-cholesterol, high-PUFA diets based on National Cholesterol Education Panel (NCEP) Step 2 recommendations (4.0-4.5% SFA, 10.8-11.6% MUFA, 10.3-10.5% PUFA, 45-61 mg cholesterol/1,000 calories) for 24 wk. One of the NCEP Step 2 diets was enriched in fish-derived (n-3) PUFA (low-fat, high-fish: 0.54% or 1.23 g/d eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA] [121-188 g fish/d]) and the other low in fish-derived (n-3) PUFA (low-fat, low-fish [0.13% or 0.27 g/d EPA and DHA] [33 g fish/d]). Measurements of in vivo and in vitro indexes of immune responses were taken after each dietary period. Long-term feeding of low-fat, low-fish diet enriched in plant-derived PUFA increased blood mononuclear cell mitogenic response to the T cell mitogen Con A, IL-1 beta, and TNF production and had no effect on delayed-type hypersensitivity skin response, IL-6, GM-CSF, or PGE2 production. In contrast, the low-fat, high-fish diet significantly decreased the percentage of helper T cells whereas the percentage of suppressor T cells increased. Mitogenic responses to Con A and delayed-type hypersensitivity skin response as well as the production of cytokines IL-1 beta, TNF, and IL-6 by mononuclear cells were significantly reduced after the consumption of the low-fat, high-fish diet (24, 40, 45, 35, and 34%, respectively; P < 0.05 by two-tailed Student's t test except for IL-1 beta and TNF, which is by one-tailed t test). Our data are consistent with the concept that the NCEP Step 2 diet that is high in fish significantly decreases various parameters of the immune response in contrast to this diet when it is low in fish. Such alterations may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic and inflammatory diseases but may be detrimental with regard to host defense against invading pathogens.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Comparative effects of monomethylsuccinate and glucose on insulin secretion from perifused rat islets.

In the absence of any other exogenously added fuel, monomethylsuccinate, the methyl ester of succinic acid, at 10-20 mM stimulates insulin release in a biphasic pattern. In quantitative terms, first-phase release evoked by 20 mM MMSucc was comparable to that observed with 20 mM glucose but second-phase release was only 20% of the glucose-induced response. Secretion to both MMSucc and glucose was virtually abolished by the calcium channel antagonist nitrendipine (0.5 microM). In islets that had phosphoinositide pools labeled with [3H]inositol for 2 h, subsequent stimulation with 20 mM MMSucc results in dramatic and sustained increases in [3H]inositol efflux rates. Inositol phosphate levels are also increased. In contrast to secretion, the increase in phosphoinositide hydrolysis caused by MMSucc was largely resistant to nitrendipine, whereas significant reductions in glucose-induced phosphoinositide hydrolysis were observed in the presence of the calcium channel antagonist. MMSucc (2.75-10 mM) substitutes for glucose in that MMSucc supported the insulinotropic effects of the sulfonylurea tolbutamide (200 microM) and the gut hormone cholecystokinin (200 nM). A prior 15-min exposure to 20 mM MMSucc also sensitized islets to the stimulatory effects of 7.5 mM glucose. Finally, a 2-h exposure to 20 mM MMSucc desensitized the islet, in terms of both phosphoinositide hydrolysis and insulin secretion, to a subsequent exposure to 10 mM glucose. Thus, appropriate concentrations of MMSucc can cause qualitatively many of the effects induced by glucose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1993

[Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis--indications of increased antiretroviral seroreactivity without obvious epidemiology].

Of 25 male and 13 female patients diagnosed as sporadic cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis between 1989 and 1992, 17 had reproducible serum antibodies against human foamy virus (HFV = human spuma retrovirus, HSRV). HFV-positive ALS patients had higher IgG3 concentrations than HFV-negatives (P < 0.05) and competed better on maedi-visna retroviral antigen than HFV-negatives or controls (P < 0.05), but did not differ otherwise. Two HFV-positive patients were living in the same building; two other ALS patients lived within 300 m of one another, and three HFV gag reactive men (2 ALS, 1 control) were living in neighbouring villages. These were the closest geographic clusters found among current patients. We summarize recent findings compatible with a pathogenetic role for endogenous and/or exogenous retroviral sequences in adult motor neuron disease, and confirm a male preponderance as well as an inverse correlation between survival time and age at onset.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Surgical wound dressing in outpatient paediatric surgery. A randomised study.

A comparison of two different wound dressings was carried out in a series of 88 paediatric patients. The patients were randomised to either Steristrip plus Cutiplast, a conventional absorbent wound dressing, or to DuoDERM, an occlusive adhesive dressing. The study, set up to show which was the most convenient dressing for minor outpatient surgery, focused on the psychological aspects of operative treatment of infants and children. The results showed that the DuoDERM group had fewer bandage changes than the Steristrip & Cutiplast group, although this was not significant. Significantly less pain was experienced on removal of the wound dressing in the DuoDERM group. When dressed with DuoDERM, children could be bathed in the immediate postoperative period without complication. In conclusion, an occlusive wound dressing (DuoDERM) seems to minimize the physical and psychological trauma to the infant or child and reduce the disruption to the child's and the parents' daily routines.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Glucose-induced phosphorylation of myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) in isolated rat pancreatic islets.

In order to further evaluate the role of protein kinase C activation in glucose-induced insulin secretion, the extent of phosphorylation of the myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) was examined in freshly isolated rat pancreatic islets prelabeled with [32P]orthophosphate. The islets were incubated with either 2.75 mM glucose alone, 2.75 mM glucose + 1 microM phorbol myristate acetate, 20 mM glucose, or 20 mM glucose + 50 nM staurosporine. After stimulation, the homogenized islets were processed by immunoprecipitation with a specific polyclonal anti-MARCKS antibody, followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Densitometric analysis of autoradiograms revealed that phorbol myristate acetate caused a 3.78 +/- 0.97-fold increase in MARCKS phosphorylation over control. In the islets exposed to 20 mM glucose, an increase of 3.43 +/- 0.46-fold over control was observed. In islets exposed to G20 + 50 nM staurosporine, MARCKS phosphorylation was inhibited by 90 +/- 4% compared with control islets exposed to 20 mM glucose alone. Islets similarly treated (but incubated without 32P) were examined by immunocytochemistry using an alpha-PKC-specific monoclonal antibody and visualized by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. The alpha-PKC redistributed from the cytosol to the plasma membrane in the beta-cells of islets exposed to 20 mM glucose. In separate experiments, unlabeled but similarly treated islets were shown to respond with a 5-7-fold increase in insulin secretion in static incubation. Thus, when freshly isolated rat pancreatic islets are exposed to stimulatory glucose concentrations, they exhibit both a translocation of alpha-PKC and a significant increase in the extent of phosphorylation of MARCKS protein. These data suggest that alpha-PKC is activated during glucose-induced insulin secretion.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1992

Metabolic fate of plasma membrane diacylglycerols in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts.

We have examined the metabolism of three radiolabeled 1,2-diacylglycerols (DGs) in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Since the lipids used are not appreciably taken up by the cells, we used a phosphatidylserine (PS)-based liposome fusion system to rapidly associate the lipid species with the plasma membrane. When 1,2-[1-14C]dioleoyl-sn-3-glycerol ([14C]DOG) is delivered in this way, it is rapidly converted predominantly to phosphatidylcholine (PC) and triacylglycerol (TG) and to a lesser extent, to monoacylglycerol (MG) and fatty acids (FA), as well as phosphatidic acid (PA) and phosphatidylinositol (PI). We present evidence that [14C] DOG is largely utilized as an intact molecule rather than being broken down to FA and then incorporated to cell lipids. Examination of the metabolism of 1-stearoyl-2-[1-14C]myristoyl-sn-3-glycerol ([14C]SMG) and 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-3-glycerol ([14C]SAG) reveal important differences. Both produce substantial labeling of PC but [14C]SMG gives rise to the highest proportion of TG and the lowest of PA and PI, whereas [14C]SAG yields the opposite pattern. When phosphatidic acid labeled on its glycerol backbone (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-[U-14C] glycero-3-phosphate) was supplied to the cells via the liposomes, rapid appearance of labeled DG was found which then decreased with concomitant labeling of cellular PC and TG. Only small amounts of the glycerol backbone were recovered in PI. Our experiments identify three types of processes involved in the metabolism of plasma membrane DGs: (i) transferase-catalyzed conversions to PC and TG, (ii) lipolytic breakdown to MG and FA, and (iii) phosphorylation to PA and then conversion to PI. The relative proportions of each DG species converted to these different products are strongly dependent on the fatty acyl composition of the particular DG molecular species, even though formation of PC is the major event in all cases. Since DGs are important second messengers, our study supports the view that conversion to PC and TG can play a key role in DG signal attenuation.

3T3 Cells↗