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H R Bird

Publications and source records attributed to H R Bird.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Further measures of the psychometric properties of the Children's Global Assessment Scale.

The Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS), a measure of overall severity of disturbance, is an adaptation of the Global Assessment Scale for adults. Data obtained on the CGAS during a pilot study in Puerto Rico demonstrate high interrater reliability and both concurrent and discriminant validity. A discriminant function was generated that highly correlates with other measures of impairment. Use of the CGAS can be of heuristic value to complement other methods of diagnostic categorization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Use of the Mini-mental State Examination in a probability sample of a Hispanic population.

The Spanish DIS was applied to a community probability sample in an island-wide survey of the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Puerto Rico. The prevalence of "severe cognitive impairment" as measured by the DIS Mini-mental State Examination (DIS/MMSE) is significantly higher than that reported in similar studies in US communities. The total sample (N = 1532) was used to study the impact of demographic variables and other psychiatric diagnoses on DIS/MMSE scores. Educational level was by far the strongest predictor of total scores as well as of scores on individual items. Issues are discussed and recommendations are made related to the use of this test in Hispanic populations of low educational level.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Bursal, intestinal, and spleen weights and antibody response of chicks fed subtherapeutic levels of dietary antibiotics.

Experiments were conducted to study the influence of dietary antibiotics on the bursal, intestinal, and spleen weights and antibody responses of broiler chicks. Results indicate a tendency for chicks fed antibiotics to have heavier bursae but significantly reduced intestinal weights. The antibiotics had no effect on spleen weights and antibody response to sheep red blood cells. It was concluded that the beneficial effects of dietary antibiotics for chicks do not appear to be the result of an enhanced immunocompetence and that the use of antibiotics at subtherapeutic levels does not have an adverse effect on the chicks' humoral immune system.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Broiler chick growth response to antibiotics, 1981-1982.

A study of the growth-promoting effects of penicillin, oxytetracycline, lincomycin, bambermycin , and tylan was made over a 2-year period involving 2030 broiler chicks in 11 experiments. The laboratory used for this study has been subjected to the continuous use of low level dietary antibiotics for over 30 years. Results show that growth promotion by penicillin, oxytetracycline, and lincomycin were still significant (P less than .01). The effect of tylan was also significant (P less than .05). The antibiotics tended to promote better growth effects in chicks from young breeder hens. Significant growth improvement by antibiotics was observed in nutritionally adequate diets regardless of the presence or absence of soybean meal and excesses of certain vitamins and minerals.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effect of dietary phosphorus level and source on productive performance and egg quality of two commercial strains of laying hens.

An experiment was conducted to study the influence of dietary total phosphorus (TP) level and source on the performance of two strains of commercial layers for two consecutive production years (26 to 68 and 76 to 116 weeks of age, respectively). Diet 1 contained .4% TP; Diets 2, 3 and 4 contained .5, .6, and .7% TP with supplemental P from dicalcium phosphate (DCP); Diets 5 and 6 contained .5 and .6% TP, respectively, with supplemental P from a sample of raw rock phosphate (RRP-1); Diets 7 and 8 contained .5 and .6% TP, respectively, with supplemental P from a second sample of raw rock phosphate (RRP-2). Calcium level was 2.75% in all diets, and crushed oyster shell provided ad libitum to all birds increased the total calcium to about 3.00%. Diet 1 was inferior to the average of all supplemented diets relative to feed consumption rate (P less than .005) and egg weight (P less than .005) during the first year. Diet 1 was also inferior relative to egg production rate (P less than .01), feed consumption rate (P less than .005), and egg weight (P less than .005) during the second year, whereas it was superior in shell quality (P less than .05) during the first year. Increasing TP from DCP resulted in a significant linear increase in feed consumption (P less than .05), feed conversion ratio, and Haugh units (P less than .005). Increasing TP from DCP also resulted in a significant linear decrease in shell quality (P less than .05) and significant linear and quadratic decreases in egg weight (P less than .005) during the first year. During the second year, increasing TP from DCP resulted in a significant linear decrease in egg production rate (P less than .005) and feed efficiency but significant linear (P less than .01) and quadratic (P less than .05) increases in feed consumption, and significant linear and quadratic increases (P less than .005) in Haugh units. Hens receiving RRP diets responded differently during the first and second years. The DCP supported greater egg weight than the RRP during the second year and permitted better feed conversion during both years. Strain A produced larger eggs than Strain B regardless of treatment (P less than .005). When egg production rate and most other response criteria were considered, .5% TP with DCP as the supplemental source gave the best results in both production years. A TP of .6% from RRP-2 gave similar results in both years.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

A comparison of the effect of two force molting methods on performance of two commercial strains of laying hens.

A low-sodium diet (.08% Na) was used to force molt 409 hens. Another 421 hens were force molted by conventional water and feed restrictions. Birds were 68 weeks of age at that time, and two strains were about equally represented in each treatment group. These strains were: A, DeKalb; and B, Hisex. The low-sodium diet and water were provided ad libitum to the first group for the entire period of molt (42 days). The second group received no water for 3 days, and no feed for 4 days, after which incremental amounts of whole oats were provided as the only feed until Day 18. After Day 18, incremental amounts of a regular laying mash and decremental amounts of whole oats were provided through Day 26, when laying mash only was given ad libitum. Both treatment groups were in the same building and received the same lighting program during the force-molt period. This program consisted of: Days 1 to 3, no light; Days 4 to 18, 8 hr/day; Days 19 to 25, 9 hr/day; Day 26, 10 hr; then, light was increased 30 min weekly until 14 hr daily was attained. The low-sodium group ceased laying after 28 to 31 days, lost 8.7% of their premolt body weight, reduced feed consumption by 35%, and decreased egg production from 62.3% (in the 28 days preceding the molt) to 19% in the 42 days of molt; their mortality rate was 3.4%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1983

Studies on the utilization of leaf protein concentrates as a protein source in poultry nutrition.

Spray-dried leaf protein concentrate prepared from Red Clover and alfalfa with low or high saponin content were evaluated by studying their effect on growth and feed efficiency of broiler chicks at the 40% level. Excellent growth and feed efficiency were recorded when 40% of low saponin alfalfa protein concentrate (APC) prepared from fresh alfalfa was incorporated in the diets. Saponin in APC estimated by hemolysis test was an important factor affecting the growth, feed efficiency, and mortality of chicks. Analysis of variance showed no significant (P less than .05) difference in body weight gain between Red Clover protein concentrate and low saponin APC. A significant reduction in body weight gain of both broiler and egg type chicks was observed when 40 parts of wet alfalfa protein concentrate were incorporated in the diets. A combination of 30 parts of wet alfalfa protein concentrate (wet APC) and rice bran in a broiler diet did not adversely affect growth. Supplementation of additional vitamins did not improve gain in body weight when 40 parts of wet APC and rice bran were included in the diet. Supplementation of vitamin E seems to be crucial when higher levels of wet APC and rice bran are included in broiler diets.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effect of added methionine and lysine on the performance of chicks fed different alfalfa protein concentrates.

Experiments were conducted to determine the limiting amino acids in chick diets containing 40% spray-dried heat coagulated alfalfa protein concentrate (APC) and 40% spray-dried fermented alfalfa protein concentrate (FAPC). Significant improvements in chick gains were observed when methionine (met) was supplemented to the 40% APC (82 vs. 119 g) and 40% FAPC (72 vs. 95 g) diets. Feed efficiency (gain/feed) was also improved by met supplementation (.233 vs. .343) to APC and (.236 vs. .299) in FAPC diets. Supplementation of lysine (lys) alone did not improve the gain in body weight in either APC or FAPC, but the addition of lysine improved the feed efficiency of chicks fed the FAPC + Met (.323).

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The cultural dichotomy of colonial people.

We have presented a justification for the application of some of the principles of individual psychic development to the understanding of societal development. The interplay between the various systems of organization provides a circular and reciprocal interaction between the individual and the broader organizational levels of which he is a part. We have noted how individuals contribute to the characteristics of these organizational levels, as they contribute to his own. An illustration of this interplay has been provided by describing the impact of a societal condition such as colonialism on the colonized individual, as well as its force in shaping the character of the collectivity. Its effect on individual parameters of self-definition and self-esteem has been noted, and its possible relevance to psychotherapeutic processes pointed out.

Cultural Characteristics↗
PubMed1982

The Puerto Rican family: cultural factors and family intervention strategies.

We have presented what are considered to be the salient features characteristic of the Puerto Rican family. The composition of the family, the important role of the extended family, the impact of machismo, the authoritarian pattern of child rearing, and the religious practices of the Puerto Rican family have been documented through the findings reported by other researchers. It was noted that the high rate of back-and-forth migration between Puerto Rico and the Mainland as well as the colonial status of the society, creates a situation of accelerated change and shifting cultural patterns. We have felt it important to point out the normative patterns on the island. Quite often a well-intentioned clinician, when confronted with issues such as exaggerated machismo or certain responses to stress, may tend to dismiss them as purely cultural and not address the real issues leading to dysfunction or utilize the most appropriate treatment modality. Structural family therapy as a particularly useful treatment modality has been discussed at length, and its applicability and the justification for its utilization in families under stress were elaborated. Treatment strategies and their relationship to Puerto Rican family structure have been delineated.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The viscosity interaction of barley beta-glucan with Trichoderma viride cellulase in the chick intestine.

A culture filtrate from Trichoderma viride was used as a source of cellulose degrading enzymes. This filtrate, when added to a barley ration fed to chicks, improved growth and feed efficiency by 19% and 8%, respectively. The response was saturable since increasing amounts of filtrate above 50 mg/kg produced no further improvement. Barley eta-glucan was added to a corn-based diet (10 g/kg) to evaluate the effect of the culture filtrate on the viscosity of beta-glucan in the chick intestinal contents. Barley beta-glucan increased the viscosity of the supernatant of the chick intestinal contents threefold and the culture filtrate reduced the viscosity to near control levels when combined with the diet containing beta-glucan. The presence of beta-glucan in barley probably limits growth of chicks by increasing viscosity of intestinal contents.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Regulation of lipid metabolism in chicken liver by dietary cereals.

The activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.2), fatty acid synthetase (FAS) and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase (EC 1.1.1.88) were determined in subcellular fractions of livers from chicks fed different cereal-based diets. With a barley-based diet as compared to corn, the following was observed: body and liver weights decreased 31%; HMG-CoA reductase activity of liver decreased 79%; acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity increased 3-fold; fatty acid synthesis increased 5-fold, and plasma and liver cholesterol decreased 45% and 35%, respectively. The suppression and induction of activities of the two divergent pathways (cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis) persisted for at least 21 days. Wheat, oats and rye showed a similar but less pronounced effect. The pronounced decrease in plasma cholesterol level and HMG-CoA reductase activity have implications for human nutrition and possible control of the cardiovascular diseases in which cholesterol plays a key role.

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase↗