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Biomedical subjects

H Popper

Publications and source records attributed to H Popper.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Experimental eosinophilia and inflammation--the effect of various inflammatory mediators and chemoattractants.

An experimental subcutaneous inflammation was produced in guinea pigs with peripheral blood eosinophilia. The eosinophilia resulted from two subsequent infections with Trichinella spiralis larvae. One group of guinea pigs served as non-infected control. Inflammation was induced by carrageenan, bradykinin, histamine, platelet activating factor and eosinophilotactic factors of lymphocytic or neutrophilic origin. Whereas in the control group no eosinophil granulocytic response was observed, this response was seen in the group with peripheral blood eosinophilia. The inflammatory substances and mediators (carrageenan, bradykinin, histamine, platelet activating factor) did not attract eosinophils alone, but also neutrophils. Under peripheral blood eosinophilia within the time course of the inflammatory reaction a second emigration with a shifted neutrophil/eosinophil ratio in favour of eosinophils was found. This could be due to a generation of chemoattractants by the injected substances themselves or more probably, by already emigrated granulocytes. Neither histamine, bradykinin, carrageenan, nor the eosinophilotactic factors (ECF's) in the concentrations used did release the cytotoxic major basic protein from eosinophils. Platelet activating factor exhibited a release of major basic protein from some eosinophils but no release of the peroxidase under our experimental conditions. The immigration of sufficient numbers of eosinophils into inflammatory areas might be one cause of the reduction of the inflammatory edema found in a previous investigation under similar conditions.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1986

Hepatocellular carcinoma in ground squirrels persistently infected with ground squirrel hepatitis virus.

Although persistent infection with hepatitis B virus and woodchuck hepatitis virus has been associated with development of hepatocellular carcinoma in the host, little has been known of such an association with ground squirrel hepatitis virus (GSHV), which is closely related to the woodchuck virus. Colonies of GSHV-infected and -uninfected Beechey ground squirrels were observed for tumors for a period of 5 years. Tumors developed in seven squirrels after a minimum of 2.4 years of observation per animal; each of the seven animals was over 4 years old when the tumor was detected. The predominant type of tumor was hepatocellular carcinoma, which appeared in 2 of 28 GSHV-bearing animals studied and in 1 of 23 squirrels with antibody to the virus. No hepatocellular carcinoma appeared in 24 GSHV marker-free squirrels. Integrated GSHV DNA was found in the hepatocellular carcinoma tissue of the one carrier animal examined, paralleling the frequent findings of integrated hepatitis B and woodchuck hepatitis viral DNA in human and woodchuck hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the incidence of liver carcinoma reported here in carrier ground squirrels is neither as great as that in carrier woodchucks nor statistically different from the incidence in noncarrier squirrels, the data presented suggest that persistent infection with GSHV may also be associated with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Protection of chimpanzees from type B hepatitis by immunization with woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen.

Two chimpanzees immunized with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) surface antigen (WHsAg) developed antibodies cross-reactive with hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg). After challenge with HBV, one animal was completely protected and the other experienced a subclinical infection, without evidence of liver disease. Three woodchucks immunized with HBsAg developed antibodies to HBsAg which did not cross-react with WHsAg. After challenge with WHV, all three woodchucks developed typical acute infections with associated hepatic lesions. Serological studies with the cross-reactive antibodies raised in chimpanzees suggested that the protective epitopes of WHsAg were related to the group a specificity of HBsAg. These studies indicated that cross-protective epitopes are shared by HBV and WHV; however, the humoral response to these epitopes can vary among species.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Perioperative adjuvant chemotherapy with bleomycin in bronchogenic squamous cell cancer. A prospective randomized study].

Bleomycin (BLM) was given perioperatively and 3 and 6 months postoperatively in a dosage of 150 mg per course (total: 450 mg) to 37 patients with surgically resectable squamous-cell lung cancer. 37 randomized control patients with resectable squamous-cell lung cancer were compared to the chemotherapy-group. 5-year overall survival of the BLM group was 46.3%, that of the controls 40.5% (Mantel-Haenszel test; p greater than 0.05). BLM-treated stage I showed a 5-year survival of 47.9% (controls: 55%), BLM stage II 50% (controls: 33.3%), BLM stage III 40% (controls: 21.4%). The difference is not statistically significant. No severe adverse effects of therapy on either wound healing, or perioperative mortality of lung function were observed.

Bleomycin↗
PubMed1986

Pitfalls in the diagnosis of pulmonary metastases in malignant melanoma.

Solitary pulmonary lesions were detected roentgenographically in two melanoma patients during routine follow-up examinations. Melanoma metastases were suspected and the tumors were surgically removed. One turned out to be bronchogenic carcinoma, the other was found to be a chondroma. These cases indicate that in suspected solitary pulmonary melanoma metastases a surgical approach may be reasonable.

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic↗
PubMed1985

Sequential and diagnostic features in primary biliary cirrhosis based on serial histologic study in 209 patients.

Four forms of piecemeal necrosis--biliary, lymphocytic, ductular, and fibrotic--were identified in 605 liver biopsy specimens from 209 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Whereas lymphocytic piecemeal necrosis, often associated with lobular hepatitis, was most common in stages 2 and 3 of the classical histologic staging, biliary piecemeal necrosis was frequent in all stages, except stage 1, and the fibrotic form appeared to be a late, mainly cirrhotic feature. In 77% of patients cholestatic features predominated, whereas hepatitic changes producing some histologic overlap with chronic active hepatitis occurred in the remaining patients. These patterns tended to be maintained throughout the course of the disease. Large hypocellular scars found in 36% and 59% of stage 3 and 4 specimens, respectively, appeared to be a characteristic feature of biliary disease. The prevalence of classical features was assessed. The analysis of sequential biopsy specimens from those patients who died showed that cirrhotic transformation, increasing cholestasis (in particular with prominent hyaline inclusions), abundance of coarse collagen bundles, and "halo" formation at the margins of the fibrous septa were associated with a poor prognosis. We were unable to show that the presence of granulomas is associated with a more favorable course of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Beneficial effect of azathioprine and prediction of prognosis in primary biliary cirrhosis. Final results of an international trial.

The effect of azathioprine on survival of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis was studied prospectively in a multinational, double-blind, randomized clinical trial including 248 patients of whom 127 received azathioprine and 121 placebo. There were 57 deaths in the azathioprine group and 62 in the placebo group. The actual survival was slightly longer during azathioprine than during placebo treatment. Using Cox multiple regression analysis and adjusting for slight imbalance between the two treatment groups, the therapeutic effect of azathioprine was statistically significant (p = 0.01), with azathioprine reducing the risk of dying to 59% of that observed during placebo treatment (95% confidence interval 40%-90%) or improving survival time by 20 mo in the average patient. Furthermore, azathioprine slowed down progressing incapacitation. Side effects of azathioprine were relatively few. The analysis revealed that the following five variables independently implied poor prognosis: high serum bilirubin, old age, cirrhosis, low serum albumin, and central cholestasis. These factors were combined to a "prognostic index" for prediction of outcome in new patients. The index was validated on independent patient data. On the basis of these results we recommend azathioprine as a routine treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1985

Problems in the differential diagnosis of Kartagener's syndrome and ATP-ase deficiency.

Two cases of Kartagener's syndrome with a partial loss of the dynein arms and the central spokes within the cilia are presented. In light microscopic examination the predominant cell types were mast cells within the stroma and the epithelium and plasma cells and lymphocytes in the stroma. The reaction for the magnesium-activated ATP-ase located in the apical cytoplasm of ciliated cells was negative in one case and slightly positive in the same case on year later; in our second case, the ATP-ase reaction was variable, slightly to moderately positive, in the same biopsy. Besides the dynein arm defect this is a second defect of another ATP-ase, located in the apical region of the ciliated and mucus producing epithelial cells. Based on histological examination of nasal mucosal biopsies a differential diagnosis has been established for Kartagener's syndrome, the more common cystic fibrosis and the relative frequent allergic rhinitis.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1985

A study of liver biopsies and liver disease among hemophiliacs.

Hepatic histologic materials (biopsy or autopsy) and associated clinical data from 155 hemophiliacs were collected by an ad hoc hemophilia study group and analyzed retrospectively in an effort to determine the spectrum of liver disease in this population and to examine the relationship between the severity of liver disease and treatment history. Clinical information on the frequency of complications from 126 biopsies in 115 hemophilic patients provided a unique opportunity to assess the safety of liver biopsy in such patients. The incidence of cirrhosis (15%) and chronic active hepatitis (7%) was lower than previously reported. The frequency of severe liver disease (chronic active hepatitis or cirrhosis) in patients receiving large pooled concentrates was no greater than in patients treated principally with cryoprecipitate or plasma. The risks of liver biopsy in this setting are relatively high: clinically significant hemorrhage followed 12.5% of the procedures.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1985

Early features of primary biliary cirrhosis: an analysis of 85 patients.

A standardized clinical, laboratory, and histological assessment was carried out on 85 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis within 1 year of developing symptoms. Presenting symptoms included pruritus (n = 30), jaundice (n = 9), variceal bleeding (n = 6), ascites (n = 5), fatigue (n = 4), and abdominal pain (n = 4). Ten patients had symptoms not immediately suggestive of hepatic etiology and a further 17 were asymptomatic, the diagnosis being made fortuitously. Eighty four percent were not incapacitated and 52 were anicteric. Less than half were pigmented, 22% had xanthoma, and only 12% were deeply jaundiced. In contrast, all had significant laboratory abnormalities with alkaline phosphatase activity greater than 400 IU/L in 60% and IgM greater than 2.5 g/L in 75%. Mitochondrial antibody was detectable in 83% with a titer greater than 1:160 in 70%. Cirrhosis was present in 24 patients, nine of whom were anicteric and a further 11 had fibrosis or scarring.

Adult↗