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Biomedical subjects

H Pijl

Publications and source records attributed to H Pijl.

60 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Very low calorie diets and recently developed anti-obesity drugs for treating overweight in non-insulin dependent diabetics.

Weight reduction in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients improves metabolic control, reduces cardiovascular risk factors, has blood pressure lowering effects and improves the well-being of the patient. This paper describes the role of very low calorie diets (VLCD), exercise, beta-adrenergic drugs and serotoninergic agents in the treatment of overweight in NIDDM. VLCD reduce body weight and improve glucose metabolism. Physical exercise programmes in addition to dietary restriction substantially contribute to weight loss and metabolic control in NIDDM. New specific beta-adrenergic agents, exhibiting virtually no beta 1 or beta 2 activity, increase energy expenditure and weight loss probably by enhancement of the basal metabolic rate. The target tissue in humans of this beta-adrenergic effect is as yet unknown. These drugs seem to enhance weight loss when used in combination with (very) low calorie diets compared to dietary restriction alone. Serotoninergic drugs reduce body weight by decreasing appetite, in particular for carbohydrates. Furthermore these drugs seem to improve insulin receptor sensitivity.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1991

Effect of serotonin re-uptake inhibition by fluoxetine on body weight and spontaneous food choice in obesity.

The effect of fluoxetine on body weight and spontaneous food choice was studied in twenty-three healthy, non-depressed, obese females on an outpatient basis. After a one week placebo run-in period, subjects were randomized to receive either fluoxetine (FXT) 60 mg daily (n = 11) or placebo (P) (n = 12) for 6 weeks in a double blind study design. BMI (35.2 +/- 0.8 vs 36.4 +/- 1.3 kg/m2, mean +/- s.e.m.) and age (38.1 +/- 239 vs 37.3 +/- 2.7 years) were not different in either group. No specific diet was prescribed. On four separate days per 14 days food records were collected. Data were analysed with the use of food composition tables. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t test for independent samples for data on body weight and calorie intake. Macro-nutrient composition of the diet was analysed using multivariate analysis of variance and post hoc Student's t test for independent samples. All subjects lost weight during fluoxetine treatment. Mean (+/- s.e.m.) weight loss in the fluoxetine treated group was 3.6 +/- 0.5 kg, compared to a mean weight gain of 0.3 +/- 0.5 kg in the placebo treated group (P less than 0.001). In all patients food intake was reduced during fluoxetine treatment and this reduction could fully account for the observed weight loss. The mean total caloric intake per day was significantly lower during fluoxetine treatment compared with placebo (FXT 1123 +/- 118 kcal vs P 1845 +/- 87 kcal, P less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Exophthalmos in obesity.

AIMS: To establish the relationship between exophthalmos and obesity. METHODS: A group of 19 obese patients (body mass index, BMI >/=30 kg/m(2)) was compared with a control group of 45 nonobese individuals (26 > BMI >/= 20 kg/m(2)). Both groups underwent Hertel's exophthalmometry, Goldmann applanation tonometry and measurement of the medial rectus muscle by echography. RESULTS: Obese patients had higher Hertel values and enlarged medial rectus muscle diameter (p < 0.05). Indeed, bilateral exophthalmos was observed in 33% of obese subjects. However, this did not cause any ocular morbidity. In some cases the difference in intraocular pressure was enlarged but together with the exophthalmos not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Standard values for exophthalmometry and orbital echography may have to be adapted for obese individuals. In several cases the eye signs had a remarkable resemblance to patients with Graves' orbitopathy. So in each patient with bilateral exophthalmos and eye signs suspicious of Graves' orbitopathy obesity should be considered as a possible cause.

Adult↗