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Biomedical subjects

H Pichler

Publications and source records attributed to H Pichler.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Ciprofloxacin in the treatment of acute bacterial diarrhea: a double blind study.

In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial 50 adult patients with acute diarrhea received either 500 mg ciprofloxacin b.i.d. or a placebo for five days. Results were evaluated in 21 patients in the ciprofloxacin group (10 with Salmonella spp., 11 with Campylobacter jejuni) and 25 patients in the placebo group (16 with Salmonella spp., 5 with Campylobacter jejuni, 4 with Shigella spp.). The duration of fever in patients treated with ciprofloxacin was 1.5 days versus 2.3 days in the placebo group; the difference was not statistically significant. The duration of diarrhea in the ciprofloxacin group was 1.4 days versus 2.6 days in the placebo group (p less than 0.01); the corresponding figures in patients with salmonellosis were 1.6 versus 3.2 (p = 0.01). In the ciprofloxacin group all stool cultures became negative 48 h after start of treatment and remained negative during the follow-up period of three weeks. In the placebo group only one of the 25 patients had negative stool cultures during therapy and only seven after the treatment period (p less than 0.001). Ciprofloxacin was very well tolerated and was found to be a safe compound without major adverse effects.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

[Hepatitis B contamination of Viennese hospital personnel].

Blood samples of 975 Viennese hospital staff members were tested for the presence of hepatitis B antigen and antibodies; a prevalence of 26% was found. It is estimated at 20% for the entire hospital personnel in Vienna. The prevalence of hepatitis B antigen and antibodies indicates the risk of infection and varies markedly with the type of hospital department; it is, however, significantly higher in every department than in the ambient population. There were no substantial differences between occupational groups, e.g. doctors, nurses, cleaning personnel etc. However, a close correlation was found to on-job time and to age. Hepatitis B vaccination after virological-serological testing is recommended for the entire hospital personnel.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[A double blind cross-over study with mepindolol-sulfate in patients with coronary heart disease (author's transl)].

UNLABELLED: The effect of mepindolol-sulfate (2 x 2.5 mg) was tested in 20 patients with coronary heart disease in a controlled study against placebo resp. propranolol (3 x 40 mg). RESULTS: 1. The frequency and intensity of anginal attacks were reduced significantly under mepindolol-sulfate therapy.-- 2. There was a significant improvement of ergometric exercise tolerance under mepindolol-sulfate therapy.--3. Additionally a reduction of ST-depression in ECG was found under mepindolol-sulfate.--4. In patients with coronary heart disease the clinical effect of mepindolol-sulfate in a daily dose of 2 x 2.5 mg was equal to propranolol in a daily dose of 3 x 40 mg.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1978

[Concerning the history of origin of the two finest arias of the opera "arabella" (author's transl)].

The excellent cooperation between the Austrian poet Hugo von Hofmannsthal and the Bavarian composer Richard Strauss lasted from 1906 to 1929. The last joint work was the fantastic comedy "Arabella". It is reported for the first time that two of the finest arias of this opera were conceived and elaborated in a ward of the Frankfurt University Clinic for Rhinolaryngology immediately after an operation on Richard Strauss in 1928. Various interesting medical and musicological details are reported and documented.

Cocaine↗
PubMed1978

[Increasing incidence of Serratia marcescens bacteraemia in intensive care patients (author's transl)].

The incidence of serratia marcescens in an intensive care unit was investigated in course of several years. After a trial of Cephalosporin-Gentamycin prophylaxis, infection and death due to serratia rose dramatically. The significance of decreased resistance to infection, hygiene regimes as well as mode of administration of antibiotics is related to selection of this rare microorganism causing septicemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Specific and total serum IgE measurements in the diagnosis of penicillin allergy. A long term follow-up study.

Sera from 204 patients with acute or former reactions following penicillin treatment were investigated by RAST with specificity for benzylpenicilloyl and phenoxymethyl-penicilloyl. The IgE antibody levels were followed up for of more than 2 years. Positive results could be observed at the time of the acute reactions and the weeks following; later months or years in many cases. Occasionally negative RAST results occurred within 30 days; on the other hand high levels of specific IgE persisted for years in some patients. Total serum IgE measured by RIST and the RAST results showed similar patterns, with mean levels of 568 u/ml between 0 and 30 days after the penicillin allergic reaction, 286 u/ml between 30 days and 1 year, and 195 u/ml in cases after 1 year corresponded well with the observed decline in specific IgE. Skin tests performed with penicilloyl-polylysine in 118 patients showed an overall correlation of 91-5% with the RAST results. Differences between the two test systems were observed in patients with a long interval between the test and the last allergic attack. None of the patients with proved penicillin allergy had atopic diseases or a history of atopy. On the basis of these findings it is suggested that the determination of both circulating specific IgE and total IgE should be of great value for diagnostic purposes during acute drug reactions and in the months immediately afterwards.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Pharmacokinetics of Lidaprim in cases of impaired renal function.

Elimination half-life times, plasma concentrations, and minimal cumulation factors are being determined resp. calculated for trimethoprime and sulfametrole (free as well as total amounts)--both combination partners of Lidaprim--in healthy volunteers and in patients with impaired renal function. There is a strong influence of renal function on the cumulation of the metabolized part of the sulfonamide, a weaker one on trimethoprime, and almost none on the free sulfonamide. On account of the sulfonamide metabolite cumulation, a reduction by half of the standard dose of Lidaprim is recommended if the creatinine clearance is below 20-30 ml/min.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[The patient as a source of bacteria in intensive care units: influence of antibiotics and tracheal intubation (author's transl)].

133 patients in an intensive care unit, who prior to admission had not shown any signs of bacterial infection and had not received antibiotic treatment, were assigned to two groups at random. One group received antibiotic prophylaxis with penicillins or cephalosporins (+Pat.), the other group did not receive antibiotics (-Pat.). Staph. aureus was the most frequent facultative pathogen in tracheal secretions and in the environment of "-Pat.". This organism was significantly more frequent in "-Pat." than in "+Pat." in both the tracheal secretions and the environment. Klebsiella spp. outnumbered all other species in "+Pat.". They were significantly more frequent in tracheal secretions of "+Pat." than of "-Pat.". In the first week of hospitalisation marked changes were seen in bacterial flora of tracheal secretions of "+Pat.". Colonization with grammnegative bacteria rose to nearly 100%, the frequency of Staph. aureus diminishing at the same time. Monitoring by contact cultures revealed that gramnegative rods were significantly more numerous in the environment of "+Pat." than of "-Pat.". Matching bacterial strains cultured from tracheal secretions and from the environment of the patients proved that "+Pat. spread significantly higher numbers of their gramnegative bacteria into the environment. The same is true of "-Pat." for Staph. aureus. Intubation had no noticeable effect on the degree of contamination of the surroundings with Staph. aureus. Gramnegative rods were significantly more frequent in tracheal secretions of patients with intubation than in patients without. The same trend was observed for environmental contamination. As the clinical results of this study have shown, antibiotic prophylaxis does not protect patients from infections to the extent expected. Patients, and particularly intubated patients, receiving antibiotic treatment have to be considered as sources of highly resistant gramnegative organisms.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1976

[Antibiotic prophylaxis in intensive care patients].

132 intensive care patients who did not show symptoms of bacterial infection upon admission were subdivided at random into two groups. 69 patients (37 males, 32 females) were given antibiotic prophylaxis with penicillins or cephalosporins and the remaining 63 patients (37 males, 26 females) did not receive any antibiotic prophylaxis. The average age and the median duration of treatment in the intensive care unit was the same for both groups. 1. Antibiotic prophylaxis neither reduced the infection rate nor the mortality. 2. Pleuropulmonary infections were not influenced in respect to incidence, mortality or time of occurrence by antibiotic prophylaxis. 3. The percentage of patients with gram-negative tracheal flora increased significantly from the third day of antibiotic prophylaxis onwards in comparison with those patients without antibiotic prophylaxis. 4. The incidence of, and mortality attributable to septicaemia was not influenced by antibiotic prophylaxis, but septicaemia in patients receiving antibiotic prophylaxis was significantly delayed. From the seventh day on, septicaemia was found more frequently in patients given antibiotic prophylaxis than in patients receiving none. 5. Patients receiving antibiotic prophylaxis acquired significantly fewer urinary tract infections. However, from the fifth day on, there was no difference between the two groups in regard to the rate of incidence of significant bacteriuria. 6. Morbidity and mortality from peritonitis was not influenced by antibiotic prophylaxis. 7. The organisms causing infections in patients who received antibiotic prophylaxis mostly belonged to the enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas and candida species which were resistant to the antibiotics given prophylactically. The organisms causing infection in the group not receiving antibiotic prophylaxis were coagulase-positive staphylococci in about 50% of the cases, followed by the enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas species; the resistance patterns towards the tested antibiotics were characteristic of these groups of organisms. 8. Fever proved to be a reliable parameter in establishing the presence or absence of infection. The mean rectal temperature showed a significant difference in medical patients from the second day, in surgical patients from the third day and im polytraumatized patients from the fourth day on, whereas the mean leucocyte counts did not differ significantly in patients with or without infection. 9. Environmental bacteriological studies in the vicinity of the group of patients given antibiotic prophylaxis showed significantly more gram-negative bacteria than in the group without. However, when the groups were subdivided into intubated and non-intubated patients, a significant rise in environmental gram-negative bacteria was found only in intubated patients receiving antibiotic prophylaxis, whereas no such influence of antibiotic prophylaxis was apparent in the non-intubated patients...

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1976

[Evaluation of exanthemas following high-dosage intravenous penicillin combinations in intensive care].

118 patients of a non specialized intensive care unit have been studied, all of them under high dose bactericidal cover (10 MIU of Na-Penicillin G and 2,0 Ciclacillin q 12 hrs.) for a period of days to 4 weeks. In 17 (14,4%) a skin rash was observed. 10 of these could be studied using special techniques (radial immunodiffusion, passive hemagglutination, RIST and RAST), however in none of these cases there was a hint of the existence of penicillin specific antibodies. In 6 patients also skin tests were performed. There was no immediate type reaction, only twice delayed type reactions occured to Na Pencillin G.6 patients had continuing treatment on spite of the rash and without further steps the effluorescences vanished within 3-6 days. Therefore continuation of the antibiotic therapy in spite of rash along with strict clinical and laboratory monitoring seems to be preferable to a hastened change of antibiotic regime

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Sulfametrol-trimethoprim in the treatment of chronic urinary tract infections].

Thirtyeight patients with a chronic urinary infection (definitions see methods) were treated for 3 months with Trimethoprim-Sulfametrol. During therapy in 19 (70%) out of 27 patients without obstruction in the urinary tract infection could be eliminated. In 3 (27%) out of 11 patients with obstruction in the urinary tract infection was also eliminated. In 2 (18%) of these 11 patients the causative organisms changed to resistant strains. In 2 patients (10%) resp. in one patient without obstruction and one with obstruction in the urinary tract the infection recurred within the follow up of 3 months.

Adult↗