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Biomedical subjects

H Petersen

Publications and source records attributed to H Petersen.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Hiatus hernia in gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and radiologic examination were performed in 101 patients with symptoms strongly suggestive of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) disease. Hiatus hernia (HH) was found in 50 patients diagnosed by radiography or endoscopy, or both, in 22, 19, and 9 patients respectively. Severe endoscopic esophagitis (grades III and IV) was found more often (p less than 0.05) in the patients with HH than in those without. The same was true for the early positive timed acid perfusion tests (p less than 0.02). Furthermore, the patients with HH more often had reflux by the standard acid reflux test (42 of 50 versus 28 of 51; p less than 0.01), gastroesophageal scintigraphy (47 of 50 versus 40 of 51; p less than 0.05), and radiography (20 of 50 versus 2 of 51; p less than 0.001) than the patients without HH. The results show that severe GER disease can occur without an associated HH and indicate that patients with symptoms of GER disease and associated HH are likely to have a more severe GER disease than those without HH.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1986

The acid perfusion test in gastroesophageal reflux disease.

An acid perfusion test, isotope scanning, endoscopy, and esophageal biopsy were performed in 101 patients with symptoms strongly suggestive of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) disease. A positive acid perfusion test within 30 min (APT) and within 5 min (TAPT) was found in 70.2% and 37.6% of the patients, respectively. A positive APT was found significantly more often in patients with than without endoscopic esophagitis, whereas a positive TAPT was found significantly more often in patients with severe symptoms than in patients with moderate symptoms and in a significantly higher proportion of patients with than without GER by scintigraphy. Neither the APT nor the TAPT showed any dependency on the presence of histologic esophagitis. Most (97%) patients with a negative acid perfusion test, in addition to typical symptoms, also presented with scintigraphic, endoscopic, or histologic evidence of GER disease. Although it shows that the acid perfusion test, particularly when early positive, may serve as a weak predictor of the severity of GER disease, the present study gives little support to the test's clinical usefulness.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Gastroesophageal reflux disease. Scintigraphic, endoscopic, and histologic considerations.

Radionucleotide scintigraphy and esophagoscopy with biopsy were carried out in 101 patients with symptoms strongly suggestive of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) disease. GER was visualized by scintigraphy in 86.1% of the patients. Endoscopic and histologic esophagitis were found in 68.1% and 58.4% patients, respectively, whereas both examinations taken together showed evidence of esophagitis in 82%. Histologic evidence of esophagitis was found in nearly all patients with severe endoscopic changes and in 43.7% patients with no endoscopic abnormality. Scintigraphic reflux was demonstrated more frequently (p less than 0.05) in the patients with severe endoscopic esophagitis (97.5%) than in those with no or only mild endoscopic changes (78.6%). Scintigraphic reflux was found in 91.5% and 78.5% of the patients with and without histologic evidence of esophagitis (p = 0.07). Fifteen of the 18 patients (83.3%) without endoscopic and histologic abnormalities in the esophagus had scintigraphic evidence of reflux. The present study strongly supports the clinical significance of scintigraphy in GER disease and confirms that esophageal biopsy specimens increase the sensitivity of endoscopic evaluation.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Gastroesophageal reflux disease. Acute and maintenance treatments with cimetidine.

The comparative efficacy of a 12-week acute treatment with 800 and 1600 mg cimetidine daily and the effectiveness of a 400-mg single-dose maintenance treatment versus placebo lasting 6 months were studied in a double-blind fashion in 30 and 24 patients, respectively, with gastroesophageal reflux (GER) disease. Cimetidine in a dose of 800 or 1600 mg daily resulted in a significant symptomatic improvement and a decrease in the extent of endoscopic esophagitis. An improvement in the gastroesophageal sphincter function during treatment was suggested by a significant decrease in the frequency of reflux, as evaluated by isotope scintigraphy. No significant differences were found between the two doses of cimetidine. The overall initial improvement tended to be maintained during maintenance treatment, but no significant differences were found between cimetidine and placebo. The present study thus supports the use of 800 mg of cimetidine daily for short-term treatment of GER disease but provides no support for maintenance treatment with a low dose. The study further suggests that cimetidine treatment, by reducing the tendency to GER, may induce long-lasting remission of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Patient compliance with intensive antacid treatment. A multi-centre study.

Patient compliance with respect to a liquid antacid (Novaluzid) was examined in an open multicentre study. The study included 186 patients with various upper gastrointestinal conditions. The patients were randomly assigned to either 2 or 4 weeks' treatment with 10 ml Novaluzid 1 and 3 hours after each meal and at bedtime. They were not informed that they were taking part in a study. The compliance was high, with no difference between the two groups; 82% and 79%, respectively, and showed no dependency on patient age, diagnosis or previous use of antacids.

Antacids↗
PubMed1985

Differential effects of hyperoxia and hydrogen peroxide on thymidine kinase and adenosine kinase activities of cultured endothelial cells.

To compare the respective sensitivity of two nucleoside kinases, adenosine kinase and thymidine kinase, to oxidative stress, we measured these enzyme activities in cultured aortic endothelial cells exposed for 48 h to various O2 concentrations, and in cell extracts treated with H2O2 or the enzyme system hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase. Adenosine kinase activity was not significantly influenced by the exposure to hyperoxia, nor by treatment with the enzyme system hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase or with H2O2. On the other hand, there was a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on thymidine kinase activity resulting from exposure to various O2 concentrations or from treatment with various amounts of xanthine oxidase. Incubation of cell extracts in the presence of H2O2 also resulted in a significant reduction of thymidine kinase activity. These results indicate that thymidine kinase exhibits a selective sensitivity to the toxic effect of O2 concentrations and of O2 intermediates such as H2O2.

Adenosine Kinase↗
PubMed1985

The effect of cimetidine in non-ulcer dyspepsia. Experience with a multi-cross-over model.

The symptomatic effect of cimetidine was examined in 27 patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) by means of a multi-cross-over model (MCO model) for testing the symptomatic effect of drugs in individual patients. None of the patients showed an ulcer at the time, but 20 patients had evidence of previous peptic ulcer disease. The variant of the MCO model used included six treatment periods and three regular interchanges between cimetidine and placebo. Treatment periods lasted 2 or 4 days. The individual results were evaluated on the basis of the number of times (X score) cimetidine was associated with less symptoms than the preceding or following placebo. In general, cimetidine was associated with significantly (p less than 0.02) less symptoms than placebo. The X-score distribution was therefore skew in favour of high scores. Five patients showed the maximal X score of 5. The chance of getting an X score of 5 when cimetidine is not better than placebo is about 9%. Accordingly, the risk of being wrong when defining these five patients as cimetidine responders is 9%. The present study confirms that the MCO model may identify individual cimetidine responders among patients with NUD.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effects of a cholecystokinin-like peptide on DNA and polyamine synthesis in the rat pancreas.

The trophic effect of one or multiple subcutaneous injections of two different doses of a cholecystokinin-like peptide (CCK-LP) on the rat pancreas was evaluated by determination of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity, the concentrations of the polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, and the activities of DNA polymerase and thymidine kinase, in addition to the contents of DNA, RNA, and protein. ODC activity was increased 10- to 20-fold already 2 h after a single injection of CCK-LP. The activity thereafter decreased and approached the control level after 6 to 8 h. The concentration of putrescine also showed a marked increase after a single injection, approaching maximum at 8 h. A slight increase was found for spermidine as well. DNA polymerase and thymidine kinase increased after 2 days of treatment. The DNA content was still normal at that time. The study suggests that the trophic effect of CCK is initiated very early. It shows that ODC activity and putrescine concentrations are early and sensitive determinants of the effect of CCK on the pancreas.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Gastric acid and pepsin secretion in response to modified sham feeding in active and inactive duodenal ulcer disease.

Gastric secretion of acid and pepsin were studied under basal conditions, in response to modified sham feeding (MSF), and in response to pentagastrin in 15 male controls and in 11 and 10 male patients with active and inactive duodenal ulcer disease, respectively. In general, patients with ulcer disease produced more acid and pepsin than controls. No differences between the two ulcer groups were found for basal and pentagastrin-stimulated secretions. The response patterns to MSF, however, were different in the two groups. After an early peak, acid and pepsin responses rapidly decreased, approaching basal level in patients with active duodenal ulcer and in controls. In patients with inactive disease, however, the decrease was less marked, and in some patients the secretion continued to increase for 60 min. When expressed as fractions of the responses to pentagastrin, the acid and pepsin responses during the fourth 15-min period were significantly greater in patients with inactive duodenal ulcer disease than in patients with active disease and in controls. The findings indicate that the gastric response to vagal stimulation is different in patients with active and inactive duodenal ulcer disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Scintigraphy, pH measurement, and radiography in the evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux.

Scintigraphy as a diagnostic tool has been explored in 69 patients with gastroesophageal reflux (GER) symptoms and endoscopic esophagitis. In all subjects the presence of reflux was also evaluated by radiography and intraesophageal pH measurements (standard acid reflux test). The overall sensitivity of scintigraphy (85.5%) was significantly higher than those of radiography (27.5%) and pH measurements (69.5%). Scintigraphy was performed with normal saline and with acidified orange juice as the transport medium for the isotope 99mTc. The yield of positive scintigrams was higher (22.3 to 61.1%, depending on the grade of endoscopic esophagitis) with the latter variant. Moreover, demonstration of spontaneous reflux was greatly facilitated by the acid scintigraphy. This was particularly obvious in the grade I esophagitis, in which the frequency of spontaneous reflux with the saline method was 3.4% and with the acid medium, 34.3%. Reflux (induced or spontaneous) was seen in 2 of 22 normal control subjects with the saline method and in 1 subject only with the acid method. On the basis of these findings, it is concluded that scintigraphy, especially the acid variant of the technique, is a valuable diagnostic procedure in GER disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Clinical significance of upper abdominal symptoms.

Upper abdominal symptoms are frequent in the healthy population. The clinical significance of upper abdominal symptoms appears to be slight when evaluated singly but more satisfactory when taken together. There is an urgent need for an improved data base of information with regard to the relationship between upper abdominal symptoms and disease.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1985

Controlled trials in gastrodyspepsia: a methodological aspect.

Non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) is a poorly defined condition that is not very suitable for conventional randomised double-blind studies. A multi cross-over model (MCO-model) has been designed allowing identification of individual drug responders with a defined degree of certainty. The model involves regular interchanges between periods with active drug and placebo, and the evaluation is based on the number of times the active drug is associated with fewer symptoms than the preceding or following placebo period (X-score). A drug responder may be defined by a certain minimum value for the X-score. The risk of being wrong may then be easily calculated from the probability distribution of the X-score. The effect of cimetidine in patients with NUD has been studied using a variant of the MCO-model including 6 treatment periods of 2 or 4 days' duration. So far, the conclusion that the MCO-model is able to identify individual cimetidine responders among patients with NUD appears to be justified. The preliminary findings furthermore suggest that cimetidine responders among patients with NUD are characterised rather by symptoms suggestive of reflux esophagitis than by hypersecretion of acid.

Cimetidine↗
PubMed1984

Treatment with secretin and a cholecystokinin-like peptide in patients with pancreatic cancer. A pilot study.

Secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK) have trophic effects on the pancreas and may therefore have a place in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. The present study was performed to examine whether these hormones may cause harm in patients with pancreatic cancer receiving cytostatics. The cytostatics were 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, and mitomycin C(FAM). Secretin plus Thr28Nle31CCK25-33, in doses stimulating pancreatic secretion to about 60% of maximal, were given as a continuous 6-day intravenous infusion just before (four patients) or immediately after (five patients) starting treatment with FAM. Five patients received FAM only. When considering symptoms, laboratory findings, abdominal CT scans, and survival, no evidence was found that secretin and CCK may cause serious or unpleasant side effects in patients with pancreatic cancer receiving cytostatics.

Adenocarcinoma↗