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Biomedical subjects

H Perris

Publications and source records attributed to H Perris.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Cognitive therapy in the treatment of patients with resistant burning mouth syndrome: a controlled study.

The effect of cognitive therapy (CT) on resistant burning mouth syndrome (BMS) was studied. Thirty patients with resistant BMS after odontological and medical treatment were randomly divided into two equal groups; a therapy group (TG) was treated with CT and an attention/placebo group (APG) served as a control group. The intensity of BMS, which was estimated by the use of a visual analogue scale, was significantly reduced in the TG directly after CT was completed and was further reduced in a 6-month follow-up. The APG did not show any decrease in intensity of BMS. The results of this study indicate that, in some cases, resistant BMS probably is of psychological origin.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Personality characteristics of patients with resistant burning mouth syndrome.

The personality characteristics in 32 patients with resistant burning mouth syndrome (BMS) after treatment of diagnosed medical and odontologic diseases were examined and compared with a sex- and age-matched control group. After evaluation of burning mouth symptoms, the personality, the psychologic functioning, and the quality of life were determined by using the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP), an additional Personality Scale (PS), a Psychological Functioning Scale (PFS), and a Quality of Life Scale (QLS). The result showed that, compared with a control group, the patients with resistant BMS had a significantly lower score in socialization scale and significantly higher scores in somatic anxiety, muscular tension, and psychasthenia scales. Furthermore, the patients with resistant BMS were significantly more easily fatigued and more sensitive and showed a tendency to be more concerned about their health. With regard to the psychologic functioning, the BMS patients had significantly more problems taking the initiative, more easily became dizzy, and had more sad thoughts. They also showed a tendency to report palpitations and/or indigestions more often. The observed significant differences in personality and psychologic functioning might suggest that the burning sensations are psychosomatic symptoms in these patients. We recommend that patients with resistant BMS should undergo psychologic investigation. If psychologic and/or psychosocial disturbances are diagnosed, adequate treatment should be offered.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Psychologic aspects of patients with oral lichenoid reactions.

Psychologic aspects of 49 patients with oral lichenoid reactions (OLR) in contact with amalgam fillings were studied and compared with an age- and sex-matched control group. Psychologic factors such as personality, psychologic functioning, and quality of life were determined by using the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP), an additional Personality Scale (PS), a Psychological Functioning Scale (PFS), and a Quality of Life Scale (QLS). With regard to personality the OLR patients had significantly higher scores on the muscular tension and suspicion scales and significantly lower scores on the indirect aggression scale. In addition, the OLR patients were significantly more worried about their health and more helpful. With regard to psychologic functioning the OLR patients had significantly more sad thoughts, became dizzy more easily, found it harder to imagine themselves free from anxiety, and had more difficulty in concentrating. The results indicated that OLR patients had a tendency to be depressive. The need for a systemic investigation including odontologic, medical, and psychologic aspects was expressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Cross-national generalizability of dimensions of perceived parental rearing practices: Hungary and The Netherlands; a correction and repetition with healthy adolescents.

In a previous study, an attempt was undertaken to examine whether dimensions of parental rearing style as measured with the Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran (EMBU) on dimensions of Rejection, Emotional Warmth, Overprotection, and Favoring Subject can be generalized from Dutch adult samples, for whom they were originally interpreted from factor analyses, to an Hungarian adult sample. The findings suggested either differences in the meaning of the constructs between Hungarians and the Dutch or the presence of errors of translation in the Hungarian version. To rule out the possibility of inadequate translation, the Hungarian item-content was cross-checked by our Hungarian coworkers and, after reformulating several items, used for obtaining new data with a sample of adolescents. On the whole, negative findings with the old version disappeared with the new; clear evidence was found here for qualitative similarity/identity of the Rejection, Emotional Warmth, and Overprotection dimensions across the Dutch and Hungarian samples. Further studies with Hungarian persons are needed to examine whether these dimensions generalize from (nonpatient) adolescent to adult samples.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The early family situation of Hungarian depressed patients.

In a series of fifty depressed patients and 258 controls possible differences in the early family situation as concerns parental rearing practices have been investigated by means of the Swedish EMBU inventory. The results show that the depressive experienced their parents as more "rejecting", more "overprotecting" and less "emotionally warm" as compared to their normal counterparts.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Age at onset of affective disorders in Italian and Swedish patients.

Variability of age at onset in affective disorder is a complex event where several variables play a role, resulting in a detectable observed distribution which can be viewed as related to the structural mechanism of the disease. To confirm previous results on factors affecting the distribution of onset in affective disorders, we studied its distribution pattern in two different populations, Italian and Swedish, with an analytic approach that does not require specifications of any a priori hypothesis. The findings in this study, however, tend to confirm the biological nature of the age of onset phenomenon and to exclude cultural determinants. On the other hand, it does not exclude that other factors, not considered in this study, may be operating. This result is very important under the hypothesis of a genetic ethiopathogenesis of affective disorders, and some of its implications are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Depressive symptomatology at admission in Hungarian and Swedish depressed patients.

Within the framework of an ongoing cross-national study of hospitalized depressed patients the symptomatology of age, sex and diagnosis matched depressives consecutively admitted to a University Department of Psychiatry in Budapest, Hungary and in Umeå, Sweden has been compared. Only minor differences in symptomatology were detected between the two groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Parental loss by death in the early childhood of depressed patients and of their healthy siblings.

The incidence of parental loss by death before the age of 15 was investigated in a series of 200 depressed patients, sub-divided into unipolars, bipolars and neurotic-reactive depressives, and in their healthy siblings at risk. The age of onset of illness of patients who had lost a parent before 15 was compared with that of depressed controls. No excess of parental loss at any age was found in any of the patient sub-groups, as compared with their healthy siblings, nor did parental loss affect the age of onset of later depression. The results do not support the assumption that the loss of either parent by death in early childhood is significantly associated with depression in adult life, though parental death may be an important variable for individual patients.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1986

Perceived depriving parental rearing and depression.

Four groups of depressed patients 47 unipolars, 21 bipolars, 34 with neurotic-reactive depression, and 39 with unspecified depressive disorder completed, after recovery, the EMBU, a Swedish instrument aimed at assessing the experience of parental rearing practices. The results for three factors: "rejection", "emotional warmth" and "over-protection" and the global judgement scores of "severity" and "consistency" in rearing attitudes were compared with those obtained from 205 healthy individuals. Depressed patients, particularly in the unipolar unspecified groups rated both parents lower than the controls on emotional warmth. Patients tended also to rate their parents as less consistent in their rearing attitudes. The variables emotional warmth and overprotection allowed 64% of the patients and 72 of the unipolar depressives to be classified correctly. These results, like those of previous studies, support the hypothesis that deprivation of love during childhood represents an important psychological risk factor in the background of depressive disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Cross-national invariance of dimensions of parental rearing behaviour: comparison of psychometric data of Swedish depressives and healthy subjects with Dutch target ratings on the EMBU.

A psychometric study on Swedish and Dutch samples used the EMBU, a self-report instrument designed to assess memories of parents' rearing behaviour. Of the four primary factors identified previously with Dutch individuals (Rejection, Emotional Warmth, Over-protection, and Favouring Subject), the first three were retrieved in a similar form in the two Swedish groups (depressives and healthy, non-patients). Examination of the metric equivalence of the scales and the strength of the factors for each group indicated that comparisons of patterns and levels between groups from the respective countries on the three factors showing cross-national constancy would be warranted. Scale-level factor analyses of these dimensions produced identical two-factor compositions (CARE and PROTECTION) across national groups which further supported this conclusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Morbidity risk for psychiatric disorders in families of probands with affective disorders divided according to levels of platelet MAO activity.

In a series comprising 166 subjects with affective disorders, the lowest and highest quartiles in the male and female platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) distribution, respectively, were included. The morbidity risk in the first-degree relatives (parents and siblings) of these low and high platelet MAO subjects was determined. First-degree relatives of low platelet MAO probands were found to have an increased morbidity risk for neurotic-reactive depressions and for alcoholism. The results seem to be in line with the biological high-risk paradigm, indicating that platelet MAO could be a biological marker for increased vulnerability. First-degree relatives of high platelet MAO probands were found to have an increased morbidity risk for bipolar affective disorders.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1985

Perceived parental rearing behaviour in unipolar and bipolar depressed patients. A verification study in an Italian sample.

Two groups of former depressed Italian patients comprising 54 bipolars and 52 unipolars completed the Italian version of the EMBU, a Swedish instrument aimed at assessing the experience of parental rearing behaviour. As in a previous study of Swedish depressives, three factors, "rejection", "emotional warmth", and "over-protection", have been taken into account. The results obtained in the patient group have been compared with those obtained in Italian healthy controls. Depressed patients rated both parents significantly lower than the controls on the factor "emotional warmth". The present results cross-validate those obtained previously in the Swedish depressives and strengthen, together with other findings in the literature, the assumption that the lack of emotional warmth in the parents' rearing practices might be a crucial variable in the pathogenesis of depressive illnesses.

Attitude↗
PubMed1985

Cross-national study of perceived parental rearing behaviour in healthy subjects from Australia, Denmark, Italy, The Netherlands and Sweden: pattern and level comparisons.

Samples of healthy subjects from Australia, Denmark, Italy, The Netherlands and Sweden completed the EMBU, a Swedish questionnaire aimed at assessing the experience of parental rearing practices. For the purpose of comparison three factors - "emotional warmth", "rejection" and "overprotection" - obtained in a previous factor analytic study, have been used. The most pronounced differences occurred between the Dutch and the Swedish sample on the one hand, and the Italian and Australian sample on the other, with the Danish sample in between. Differences in perceived parental rearing should be considered when comparing personality characteristics and/or psychopathological conditions in subjects from different countries.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Discrimination of former depressed patients from healthy volunteers on the basis of stable personality traits assessed by means of KSP.

A total of 208 former depressed patients were investigated by means of the personality inventory KSP and compared to 75 healthy volunteers who had never had an affective episode. By means of discriminant analysis 81.3% of the subjects could be correctly classified as former depressed patients or healthy volunteers. When patients in the diagnostic subgroups, unipolars, bipolars, patients with neurotic-reactive depressions and patients with unspecified depressions were compared to healthy volunteers, 85.4%, 83.0%, 84.2% and 86.4% respectively could be correctly classified. The main personality traits differentiating former depressed patients from healthy volunteers were high scores on subscales measuring psychasthenia, impulsivity, guilt and inhibition of aggression and low scores on subscales measuring indirect aggression, hostility, socialization and verbal aggression.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1984

Pain as a symptom in depressive disorders and its relationship to platelet monoamine oxidase activity.

144 depressed in-patients were rated by means of the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS) and platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) was determined. 49 per cent of the patients were found to have pain as a symptom, and 21 per cent were found to have more severe pain. The patients with more severe pain were found to have lower platelet MAO activity than the patients without pain or with slight pain. As platelet MAO activity may reflect the turn-over in the serotinergic systems in CNS it is hypothesized that patients with depressive disorders with pain as a symptom may have more pronounced disturbances in the serotinergic systems than patients without pain as a symptom.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Life events and depression. Part 1. Effect of sex, age and civil status.

This is the first of three articles dealing with some basic aspects of the relationship between life events and depression, and is also one part of a larger study in which the possible impact of stressful events has been studied from a multifactorial point of view. Two-hundred and four patients suffering from a depressive disorder, consecutively admitted to the Department of Psychiatry of the Umeå University have participated in a study of life events carried out by means of a specially constructed life events inventory that was used as a guideline for a semistructured interview. The results of this part of the study show that there are no pronounced differences in the occurrence, or appraisal of life events between male and female patients. The more vulnerable, older patients have experienced significantly fewer life events, even of the fateful type, prior to the onset of depression. No difference was found between patients who were married or lived together with a partner and patients who were unmarried, separated, divorced or widowed except in the categories of events (e.g. 'conflict' events) which might have been the very reason for a separation or a divorce. The results are discussed in relation to other findings in the literature.

Adult↗