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Biomedical subjects

H Pavlov

Publications and source records attributed to H Pavlov.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Lucent articular lesion in the lateral femoral condyle: source of patellar femoral pain in the athletic adolescent.

A lucent femoral lesion was identified on the articular surface of the lateral femoral condyle in four young athletic males. The lesion occurred on the anterior aspect of the lateral femoral condyle just distal to the epiphyseal plate corresponding to the level of the patella. These patients had patellar femoral pain and symptoms consistent with "chondromalacia patellae" or one of the patellar pain syndromes. This femoral lesion has clinical and radiographic manifestations and probably a traumatic etiology similar to osteochondritis dissecans. Radiographically, the femoral lesion is not demonstrated on the routine anteroposterior, tunnel, or skyline views, and it is easily overlooked on the lateral view. The lesion can be identified radiographically on a Merchant view or on fluoroscopic spot films, and it is "hot" on a radionuclide bone scan. Once identified, arthrography and arthrotomography are useful to determine the integrity of the overlying articular cartilage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Salter-Harris type-III fracture of the medial femoral condyle occurring in the adolescent athlete.

This report adds six Salter-Harris type-III fractures of the medial femoral condyle to the fourteen such fractures that have been previously reported in the English literature. The injury results from a valgus force applied to the knee. As the fracture may reduce spontaneously, radiographs may not be diagnostic and the fracture may be unrecognized or be mistaken for disruption of the medial collateral ligament. If a fracture is suspected, a cross-table lateral radiograph should be made in an attempt to detect fat within the joint fluid and confirm the existence of an intra-articular fracture. An oblique, tunnel (notch), or over-penetrated radiograph may demonstrate the fracture. However, if it fails to do so, radiographs made with valgus stress applied to the knee while the patient is under general anesthesia may be necessary. In our six patients, satisfactory healing of the fracture occurred after either spontaneous or manipulative reduction and subsequent non-weight-bearing immobilization in cylinder cast. Minimum femoral shortening developed in two patients, late anterior cruciate laxity was demonstrable in two patients, and one patient required arthrotomy for removal of an osteochondral fracture fragment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Infantile coxa vara.

Infantile coxa vara is an unusual localized dysplasia, not evident at birth, which is first noticed when the child begins walking. Twelve cases are presented with emphasis on the characteristic roentgen findings which include abnormal ossification of the femoral neck, a vertical physis, a characteristic triangular osseous fragment at the medial inferior corner of the metaphysis, and a straight femoral shaft. Prompt diagnosis and early management can reduce severe deformity and degenerative changes of the hip. For this reason, infantile coxa vara must be differentiated from other generalized and localized causes of coxa vara, including congenital dysplasias and acquired abnormalities.

Child↗
PubMed1980

"Popcorn" calcifications: a prognostic sign in osteogenesis imperfecta.

"Popcorn" calcifications appear roentgenographically as a collection of scalloped radiolucencies, each with a sclerotic margin and in some instances, with central densities. The radiographs of 46 children with osteogenesis imperfecta were reviewed retrospectively; 52% had "popcorn" calcifications at one or more sites. A study of these children indicated that these lesions are observed only during active skeletal growth, are not present at birth, occur predominantly around the knees and ankles, and are associated with irregularity or absence of the normal horizontal growth plate. Based on multiple roentgen observations, "popcorn" calcifications appear to result from fragmentation and disordered maturation of the physis, and their presence indicates a disturbance in enchondral ossification which may contribute to the severe growth retardation associated with osteogenesis imperfecta.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

The popliteus bursa: an indicator of subtle pathology.

The abnormal contour of the popliteus bursa, as examined on double-contrast arthrography, is an indicator of numerous disorders of the knee. Narrowing, compression, or complete absence of the popliteus bursa is associated with tears of the lateral menisci and with discoid menisci. Absence of the popliteus bursa can also be indicative of adhesive capsulitis, prior surgery, or a rare congenital anomaly. In addition, the popliteus bursa is a reservoir for intraarticular loose bodies. Normal variations of the popliteus tendon can also be observed arthrographically. Anatomic variants and abnormalities of the popliteus bursa are presented with emphasis on the spectrum of possible arthrographic findings. The detection of popliteus bursa abnormalities during arthrography should prompt further detailed examination. The embryology and anatomy of the popliteus bursa are reviewed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Double-contrast arthrography of the elbow.

Double-contrast arthrography using gravity provides more detail than single-contrast techniques. With gravity, air rises to the uppermost portion of the joint and the positive contrast material settles. The cartilagenous articular surfaces and the synovial lining of the elbow are coated with contrast material and highlighted by the intra-articular air. Cartilagenous intra-articular bodies can be identified and located and the size of cartilagenous encapsulated osseous bodies can be confirmed. This method is faster to perform and easier to interpret than single-contrast studies, exposes the patient less than a tomographic examination, and is helpful before surgical exploration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Computed tomography of the cruciate ligaments.

Computed tomography was used to delineate the cruciate ligaments of the knee joint in 31 patients. Optimal positioning for demonstrating the length and body of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments is described and the CT, arthrographic, surgical, and clinical findings are correlated. The potential and limitations of CT and its role in combination with double-contrast arthrography in the clinical setting are discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Haemophilic arthropathy in the joints of the hands and feet.

Radiographs of the hands and feet of 72 haemophilic patients were reviewed for peripheral joint involvement. Fifty patients or 69% had changes in the small joints of their hands and/or feet with a total of 160 abnormal joints. In the hands the metacarpo-phalangeal joints were predominantly involved (42 of 50 joints), and in the feet, the metatarso-phalangeal joints (68 of 110 abnormal joints), as well as the posterior subtalar joint (36 of 110 joints). Röntgen abnormalities were characterized by irregularity and/or flattening of the articular cortices. The involvement of the small peripheral joint in haemophilic patients has not been a primary consideration in previous clinical and radiographic studies because of the more common and more debilitating changes in the large joints. The recognition of involvement of the small joints is described to avoid misinterpretation of the röntgen findings and to appreciate the incidence of involvement, especially with the increased availability of replacement therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Resistance and susceptibility of mice to bacterial infection: course of listeriosis in resistant or susceptible mice.

Resistance and susceptibility to Listeria monocytogenes in mice was found to be related to (i) the innate ability of the nonimmune macrophages to kill or inhibit the growth of the organism during the first 24 to 48 h after infection, and (ii) the time of onset of acquired cell-mediated resistance. Resistant C57Bl/6 mice were 10 times more efficient than susceptible BALB/c mice at suppressing the early growth of Listeria in the liver. Furthermore, the onset of acquired immunity occurred 24 to 48 h earlier in C57Bl/6 than in BALB/c mice. Acquired immunity was measured by (i) fall in bacterial numbers in spleen and livers of infected mice (ii) adoptive transfer of immunity to normal mice by using spleen cells from infected mice, (iii) delayed-type hypersensitivity skin testing, and (iv) uptake of tritiated thymidine by lymphocytes in the spleen.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Simplified outpatient lower extremity venography.

Improved lower extremity venography has been achieved by a distally directed superficial foot venipuncture. Supine position and short procedure time afford excellent patient acceptance. Dilute contrast is believed responsible for eliminating venospasm and postvenography phlebitis; the low sodium concentration permits safe evaluation of cardiac patients. Sequential imaging (and the use of anteroposterior and lateral projections) eliminates false positive and negative interpretations. Skip areas are avoided by the use of 90-cm (36-inch) cassettes.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1978

Double contrast arthrographic evaluation of the anterior cruciate ligament.

A review of 100 surgically confirmed cases indicates that double contrast arthrography, performed and interpreted with the described criteria, can accurately demonstrate the status of the anterior cruciate ligament. Visualization of the posterior cruciate ligament, which is less commonly injured, assures that proper radiologic positioning has been attained. Joint distraction is used to increase the visualized length of the anterior cruciate ligament coated by contrast agent. Various types of anterior cruciate ligament abnormalities as well as the high incidence of anterior cruciate ligament in young athletes are emphasized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

An easy method to demonstrate the cruciate ligaments by double contrast arthrography.

A reproducible technique which does not require special equipment for demonstrating the cruciate ligaments by double contrast arthrography is described. The positive contrast medium coats the synovial surfaces of the ligaments, i.e., the anterior aspect of the anterior cruciate ligament and the posterior aspect of the posterior cruciate ligaments. The ligaments appear lucent by this technique because they are delineated by a sharp positive contrast medium/lucent interface. The study is performed prior to the meniscal exam before medium absorption occurs.

Humans↗