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Biomedical subjects

H Otsuka

Publications and source records attributed to H Otsuka.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Peripheral blood basophils, basophil progenitors, and nasal metachromatic cells in allergic rhinitis.

Relationships among mature blood basophils, blood basophil colony-forming units in culture (CFU-c), and nasal metachromatic cells (NMC) were investigated using hemopoietic and histochemical techniques in 29 patients with allergic rhinitis and in 7 nonatopic control subjects. Total blood granulocyte and basophil CFU-c were significantly elevated in atopy; the highest levels of basophil CFU-c were found in patients with low total NMC counts in nasal scrapings (Group I), compared with those with intermediate (Group II) or high (Group III) counts: 10 +/- 3 basophil CFU-c per 10(6) cells in 10 Group I patients, 4 +/- 2 in 10 Group II patients, 3 +/- 1 in 9 Group III patients, and 0.1 +/- 0.1 in nonatopic control subjects (p less than 0.05). Mean histamine content and frequency of histamine-positive granulocyte colonies correlated with counts of basophils in colonies (r = 0.864, p less than 0.001). Peripheral blood basophils, which stained metachromatically with toluidine blue at pH 0.5 after Mota's lead acetate but not after formalin fixation, were highest in atopic Group III and lowest in Group I; a similar relationship was observed only for NMC, which also failed to stain after formalin fixation. Metachromatic cells in colonies were similar to formalin-sensitive NMC and to peripheral blood basophils in their sensitivity to different fixatives. Nasal symptoms correlated inversely with the number of basophil CFU and directly with the number of either formalin-sensitive NMC or peripheral blood basophils. These findings confirm and extend evidence for increased nasal metachromatic cells, basophilia, and alterations in basophilopoiesis in atopy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Resistance to mutagenesis of cells biochemically transformed by herpesvirus DNA fragments.

LM(TK-) mouse fibroblast cells that were biochemically transformed to the dThd kinase-positive phenotype by restriction nuclease fragments of herpes simplex virus or marmoset herpesvirus DNA, all of which contained the virus dThd kinase coding region, or by HeLa S3 DNA were more resistant to mutagenesis by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine or 5-bromodeoxyuridine than were dThd kinase-positive LM and LM(TK-) cells. Measurements of dNTP pool sizes did not reveal relative imbalances for representative cell lines under several conditions of growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[The effect of a synthetic progestin (R 2323) on gonadal and endometrial cells in vitro and in vivo].

Gestrinone (R 2323) is a synthetic progestogen, and noteworthy agent for endometriosis treatment. The effect of this reagent on cultured cells from porcine granulosa, human endometrial and endometrial carcinoma origin was investigated concerning their hormonal activities and cell proliferations. Also, the effect of gestrinone on the serum levels of gonadotropins and gonadal steroids in patients with XY gonadal dysgenesis (Swyer's syndrome) and uterine myoma was studied. The monolayer cell colony established from the endometrial tissue fragments was positively stained by PAS similar to the secretory phase endometrium by 10 ng/ml gestrinone in the culture media. Endometrial carcinoma cells from a 65-year-old patient were proliferated by gestrinone at the concentration of 50 ng/ml in the culture media. The effect of gestrinone on the secretions of progesterone and estradiol-17 beta with or without hCG/testosterone from the cultured porcine granulosa cells was also investigated. Progesterone secretions were stimulated at the 50 ng/ml concentration of gestrinone, especially in association with hCG. Nonetheless, at the concentration of 500 ng/ml, those were inhibited. The secretions of estradiol-17 beta were stimulated by this reagent both with and without testosterone in dose-dependent manners. The effect of 25 mg gestrinone administration for 3 days on the levels of LH, FSH, progesterone and estradiol-17 beta in a patient with XY gonadal dysgenesis was as follows. Both LH and FSH levels gradually decreased, whereas estradiol-17 beta level was increased. The same dosage of this reagent was administered to a patient with uterine myoma on her menstrual days 7, 8, and 9.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Determination of 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid in serum of hepatobiliary diseases--its glucuronidated and sulfated conjugates.

3 beta-Hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid in the serum of control subjects and 62 patients with various hepatobiliary diseases was quantitated by mass fragmentography after separation into nonglucuronidated-nonsulfated, glucuronidated, and sulfated fractions. Deuterium-labeled deoxycholic acid and its glucuronide and sulfate were used as internal standards. Mean concentrations of total 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid in serum (mumole/liter) were as follows: Control subjects (14), 0.184; obstructive jaundice (15), 6.783; liver cirrhosis, compensated (12), 0.433, and decompensated (12), 1.636; chronic hepatitis (12), 0.241; and acute hepatitis (11), 2.364. Most of the 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid was glucuronidated or sulfated. Only in patients with obstructive jaundice did glucuronidation (60 +/- 14%) exceed sulfation (31 +/- 14%), sulfation exceeding glucuronidation in the others. The UDP-glucuronyltransferase might have different substrate specificities for 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid and other common bile acids, especially in the cholestatic state.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Heterogeneity of metachromatic cells in human nose: significance of mucosal mast cells.

The distribution and abundance of histochemically and morphologically distinct subpopulations of metachromatic cells were investigated in nasal secretions and scrapings from patients with allergic rhinitis, as well as in nasal biopsy specimens from other patients. These analyses of the metachromatic cells demonstrate that basophils and two distinct mast cell populations are present in nasal specimens. One mast cell subpopulation was analogous to the atypical mucosal mast cell of the rat and human intestine, whereas the other cell population was similar to the typical connective tissue mast cell type. In nasal scrapings greater than 80% of the metachromatic cells was mast cells, almost exclusively of the atypical "mucosal" type. However, basophils were the predominant metachromatic cell type in nasal secretions, and atypical mast cells were more abundant than typical mast cells. Few basophils were observed in biopsy specimens, but mast cells were widely distributed in various anatomic compartments. Atypical mast cells outnumbered the typical type in the epithelium and lamina propria, whereas the reverse was true in the submucosa. When the number and type of metachromatic cell in scrapings were analyzed in relation to clinical findings, there was a significant correlation with severity of symptomatology and nasal swelling and pallor. Atypical "mucosal" mast cells were the major cell type in all specimens, from those with mild to those with severe clinical findings. When the distinct spectrum of responsiveness to antiallergic compounds of atypical mast cells is considered, these observations have important therapeutic implications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Purification and characterization of an antibacterial factor from snail mucus.

The antibacterial factor from the body surface of the African giant snail, Achatina fulica Férussac, was isolated by DEAE-Toyopearl 650M ion exchange chromatography. The isolated preparation exhibited highly positive antibacterial activity both for the Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus and for the Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but it lost such activity when heated at 75 degrees C for 5 min. The antibacterial factor of the snail mucus was a glycoprotein whose molecular weight (MW) was about 160,000. It was composed of two subunits of MW 70,000-80,000.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Assay of fatty acid synthetase by mass fragmentography using [13C]malonyl-CoA.

A new assay method for fatty acid synthetase using mass fragmentography was described. [2-13C]Malonyl-CoA was chemically synthesized from [2-13C]malonic acid and used as a substrate. The newly synthesized fatty acids were quantitated with a GC-MS instrument after methyl esterification. Monitoring of molecular ions of the newly synthesized fatty acids enabled us to determine the absolute amounts with heptadecanoic acid as an internal standard. Multiple products (14 : 0, 16 : 0, and 18 : 0) were measured individually. Using this technique, we obtained information about production profiles such as that of chain length against incubation temperature and about malonyl-CoA decarboxylation activity in enzyme preparations, and we also confirmed the presence of malonyl-CoA decarboxylation activity even in purified fatty acid synthetase from guinea pig Harderian gland. Compared with the conventional assay methods (spectrophotometric and radioisotopic), this method was more reliable and useful.

Acetyl Coenzyme A↗
PubMed1984

Liver cell dysplasia and hepatitis B surface antigen in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Liver tissues of 223 autopsy cases of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma were examined for liver cell dysplasia in relation to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) detected with orcein stain. Liver cell dysplasia was found in 94 cases (42.2%): 37 were from cases of cirrhosis only, and 53 were from cases of cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma. There was a significant difference in the overall incidence of HBsAg in cases with and without dysplasia (70.2%:32.6%). A similar difference was found in all groups, i.e., those with cirrhosis, cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma only, in which none of 11 cases of HBsAg negative had dysplasia. A good correlation was seen between the semiquantitative grade of dysplasia and the incidence of HBsAg. These findings suggest a close relationship of HBsAg with liver cell dysplasia.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1984

Nucleotide sequence of the marmoset herpesvirus thymidine kinase gene and predicted amino acid sequence of thymidine kinase polypeptide.

The nucleotide sequence of a 2549-bp DNA fragment containing the entire coding region of the marmoset herpesvirus (MarHV) thymidine kinase gene (tk) and the flanking sequences was determined by the dideoxynucleotide chain termination method. The MarHV thymidine kinase polypeptide predicted from the nucleotide sequence contained 376 amino acids and had a molecular weight of 41,281. The sequencing data also reveal that the coding portion of another MarHV gene probably begins only 292 nucleotides downstream from the stop codon of the MarHV tk gene. There was relatively little nucleotide sequence homology between the MarHV tk gene and that of the herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 tk genes. Comparisons of the predicted amino acid sequences of the MarHV thymidine kinase polypeptide with that of the HSV-1 and HSV-2 thymidine kinase polypeptides, however, revealed clear, but interrupted, homology within several regions of the polypeptide chains. Amino acid sequence homology was particularly striking at residues 10 to 27 of the MarHV thymidine kinase polypeptide and residues 49 to 66 of the HSV-1 and HSV-2 thymidine kinase polypeptides. These same amino acid residues exhibit noticeable sequence homology to the mitochondrial beta subunit ATPase, oncogene p21 protein, adenylate kinase, and to other nucleotide-binding proteins. It has been proposed that the indicated regions of homology are elements of a nucleotide-binding pocket in ATPase, p21, and adenylate kinase, raising the possibility that amino acid residues 15 to 25 of the MarHV thymidine kinase and 54 to 64 of the HSV-1 and HSV-2 enzymes are likewise parts of nucleotide-binding sites.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1984

Correlative morphological and biochemical studies on monocrotaline-induced pulmonary alterations in rats.

A single s.c. injection of 60 mg/kg of monocrotaline to rats induced pulmonary alterations characterized by hyaline thrombi of capillaries and arterioles, focal necrosis of alveolar walls, and medial thickening and intimal hyalinosis of arteries. Such pathological alterations became apparent 7 days after injection and thereafter progressively developed with the passage of time. Histometrical examination revealed a reduction of the alveolar surface area in a unit volume of lung tissue in these rats. Biochemically, lung angiotensin-converting enzyme activity was estimated to have reduced in parallel with the development of pulmonary alterations while plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme activity was unchanged throughout the experimental period.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1984

Fatty acid composition of cardiolipin from guinea pig Harderian gland.

The fatty acid composition of cardiolipin from the Harderian gland of guinea pig was examined by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. At least 33 kinds of fatty acids were detected. Oleic acid was the most prominent component, accounting for 18.2 mol% of the total fatty acids. About 70.2 mol% of fatty acids had methyl branches. Ethyl branches were also detected (1.3 mol%). Straight chain saturated acids comprised only 10.3 mol%. On the other hand, linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acids were not found in this lipid. The 2-(2'-) acyl moieties contained larger amounts of oleic acid and smaller amounts of branched chain acids than the 1-(1'-)acyl moieties, but the saturated straight chain acids showed even distribution between the 1-(1'-) and 2-(2'-)positions. The fatty acids of cardiolipin from the liver of the same animal were also examined. Linoleic acid was the most abundant component (66.9 mol%), and saturated straight chain acids occupied 21.9 mol%. Branched chain acids were detected but comprised only 11.2 mol%.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Subcutaneous pseudosarcomatous polyvinylpyrrolidone granuloma.

A 77-year-old man developed an induration of the buttock following repeated injections of an antihypertensive remedy containing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The excised tumor had a cellular, pseudosarcomatous appearance with abundant extracellular material, and resembled a myxoid liposarcoma. All of the staining reactions and infra-red spectrophotometry of the deposition indicated the presence of PVP. The awareness of such a cellular PVP granuloma is important for surgical pathologists so as to avoid the diagnosis of sarcoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

1,6-Dinitropyrene: mutagenicity in Salmonella and carcinogenicity in BALB/c mice.

In tests on the carcinogenicity of 1,6-dinitropyrene [(1,6-DNP) CAS: 42397-64-8] and 1-nitropyrene [(1-NP) CAS: 5522-43-0], 0.1 mg of each compound was inoculated sc into BALB/c mice once a week for 20 weeks. In the group given injections of 1,6-DNP the first tumor appeared on day 112, and 10 of the 20 mice developed tumors at the injection site by 45 weeks after the first injection. However, no tumors were induced in any of the mice that received injections of 1-NP. All of the induced tumors were transplantable for more than five generations in male BALB/c mice. Most of the tumors showed the characteristic histologic features of malignant fibrous histiocytoma.

Animals↗