Biomedical subjects

H Otani

Publications and source records attributed to H Otani.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

Inhibition of mitogen-induced proliferative responses of lymphocytes by bovine kappa-caseinoglycopeptides having different carbohydrate chains.

Bovine kappa-caseinoglycopeptides (i.e. residues 106-169, CGP) were prepared from kappa-casein digested with rennin and a commercial whey protein concentrate. CGP from whey protein concentrate was further divided into seven CGP fractions having different carbohydrate compositions using FPLC. Unfractionated CGP inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-induced proliferative responses of mouse spleen cells and rabbit Peyer's patch cells. The unfractionated CGP also inhibited antibody responses to sheep red blood cells in mouse spleen cell cultures. However, seven CGP fractions having zero to five N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) residues had different inhibitory effects on both LPS- and PHA-induced proliferative responses of mouse spleen cells. The inhibitory effect on PHA-induced proliferative responses increased with increasing numbers of NANA residues, whereas that on LPS-induced proliferation was highest with the CGP fraction having two NANA residues. Both inhibitory effects decreased significantly after neuraminidase or chymotrypsin digestion. These findings indicate that both the carbohydrate (particularly the NANA residues) and the polypeptide portions are essential for inhibitory effects on LPS- and PHA-induced proliferative responses of mouse spleen cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

The failure of retrograde continuous warm-blood cardioplegia to resuscitate cardiac function in experimental acute coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion.

The effects of retrograde continuous warm-blood cardioplegia (RCWBC) on myocardial preservation during surgical revascularization for acute coronary artery occlusion were investigated using an isolated in-situ dog heart model. The left anterior descending artery (LAD) was occluded for 60 minutes followed by 60 minutes of cardioplegic arrest and reperfusion after release of the coronary artery occlusion. Thirty one animals were divided into 3 groups according to the manner of cardioplegic arrest. The first group of animals (n=10) received multiple doses of cold St. Thomas' Hospital solution delivered antegradely through the aortic root. The second group of animals (n=11) received the same dose of the crystalloid solution delivered retrogradely through the coronary sinus. The third group of animals (n=10) received RCWBC through the coronary sinus. In the animals which were capable of supporting the working mode after reperfusion (8 hearts in each group), regional myocardial function in the occluded LAD distribution measured by sonomicrometer as well as global myocardial function evaluated by left-ventricular stroke-work index were not significantly improved during reperfusion by RCWBC. Corresponding to the functional data, myocardial pH in the occluded LAD distribution was not significantly increased by RCWBC. Although RCWBC maintained myocardial pH in the circumflex artery distribution at a significantly higher level than the other two groups of hearts undergoing cold crystalloid cardioplegia, RCWBC resulted in a substantial decline of myocardial pH in the right-ventricular free wall. These results suggest that RCWBC after 60 minutes of LAD occlusion may not provide a significant benefit in myocardial preservation compared to cold crystalloid cardioplegia delivered through either an antegrade or retrograde manner.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Minigemistocytic astrocytoma with frequent apoptoses: analysis of tumor growth.

A rare glial tumor known as 'minigemistocytic astrocytoma (gliofibrillary oligodendroglioma)' is reported in a 73 year old Japanese male. A low-density area found by computed tomography and thought to be an operative scare remaining after hematoma in the right frontal lobe of the cerebrum had been followed for 10 years. This area, however, had been accompanied by a cyst for 2 years and had developed gradually for 1 year prior to dissection. The tumor was poorly demarcated from the surrounding normal tissue macroscopically at operation. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of small gemistocytic cells in uniform sheets intersected by a small vascular stroma with frequent eosinophilic granular bodies, mitoses and apoptotic bodies. Immunohistochemical examination for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) revealed remarkable positive reactivity in the perinuclear cytoplasm, but no immunoreactivity for vimentin or Leu 7 was found. Electron microscopically, rich filaments arranged in parallel bundles were found in the neoplastic cells. These histological findings are closely consistent with those of previously reported minigemistocytic astrocytoma cases. The GFAP-rich minigemistocytic astrocytoma with granular bodies and frequent mitoses in the present case is considered to indicate a higher degree of astrocytic differentiation and malignant potential than previous cases. The frequent apoptoses, however, might inhibit tumor growth in this case.

Aged↗

PubMed1995

Induction of an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist-like component produced from mouse spleen cells by bovine kappa-caseinoglycopeptide.

Bovine kappa-caseinoglycopeptide (residues 106-169, CGP) bound to mouse plastic-adherent cells. A culture supernatant prepared from mouse spleen cells and plastic-adherent cells cultured with CGP significantly inhibited the lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferative response of mouse spleen lymphocytes. The inhibition of proliferation by the culture supernatant was completely overcome by the addition of the anti-interleukin-1 receptor antagonist antibody.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Vestibulocochlear defects and effects of deuterium oxide in mutant bustling (BUS) mice.

Bustling mouse (BUS/Idr: bus) is a mutant mouse strain which exhibits bustling/hyperkinetic behavior and functional disorders related to the vestibulocochlear system such as rapid circling and loss of auditory startling response. In homozygous (bus/bus) mice this phenotype develops progressively after birth and has been shown from cross experiments to be inherited by a single autosomal recessive gene. Using light and electron microscopy, we examined the development of pathological changes in the inner ear of homozygous mice. Effects of deuterium oxide, which has been shown to influence vestibular function, on the abnormal behavior of homozygous mice of different ages were also examined. Pathological changes of the inner ear including impairment and/or loss of auditory hair cells, deformation and/or loss of the inner and outer tunnels of the organ of Corti, hypoplasia of the otoliths, and decrease in number of neurons of the spiral genglion were observed in the homozygous mice starting before the weaning stage and progressively thereafter, but not in the heterozygous mice. Although histological changes were also noted in the crista ampullaris and maculae, they were less evident than those in the cochlea at least until the mice were 6 weeks old. Administration of deuterated physiological saline (8-16 ml/kg, per os) tended to decrease the abnormal behavior of the homozygous mice, including rapid circling. These morphological and functional findings suggest that BUS mice may be a useful model for analysis of the pathogenesis of vestibulo-cochlear disorders.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

[Experiences of the approaches to heart for a patient with a tracheostoma].

The performance of open heart surgery in a patient with a tracheostoma can present difficult problems, including postoperative mediastinitis and inadequate operative exposure. Recently, we experienced two cases in which tracheostomy had been done preoperatively due to heart failure and reported the satisfactory results in this paper. Case 1; A 59-year-old woman who had mitral stenosis and massive regurgitation received mitral valve replacement and left atrial raphy. The approach to heart was performed in according to the following. A transverse submammary skin incision was made from right anterior axillar line to left mammary line and then a bilateral thoracotomy was made at the fourth intercostal space. Case 2; A 73-year-old man who had old myocardial infarction and postinfarction angina received coronary artery bypassgrafting to right coronary artery and left anterior descending branch, using saphenous vein grafts. A skin incision was placed at the second intercostal space in the fashion of "collar skin incision" and then made from the center of collar skin incision to the xiphoid process. The sternum was transected at the second intercostal space and divided longitudinally to the xiphoid process. These two approaches provided the adequate operative field. The cannulation of the ascending aorta, the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava presented no difficulty and the operative procedure could be performed easily in a routine manner. We think that in a case of open heart surgery of a patient with a tracheostoma the approach in which the skin incision is distant from the area of a tracheostoma and no dissection near a tracheostoma is necessary have to be selected in order to decrease the risk of postoperative wound infection and mediastinitis.

Aged↗

PubMed1995

[Hand-mirror cells acute lymphoblastic leukemia (L3)].

To our knowledge, this report represents the first confirmed case in Japan of a 15-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).L3 with hand-mirror cells (HMC) in the bone marrow. HMC lymphoid leukemia is an unusual variant of ALL in which the bone marrow lymphoblasts manifest distinctive hand-mirror morphologic features. HMC lymphoblast is characterized by an asymmetric foot-like cytoplasmic process that extends from the portion of the cell, thus giving it the light-microscopic appearance responsible for its name. Besides ALL, HMC has been reported in acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), blastic crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and infectious mononucleosis. HMC has been reported to be prevalent in ALL.L1 and L2 as compared with L3.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Role of the LIM class homeodomain protein Xlim-1 in neural and muscle induction by the Spemann organizer in Xenopus.

Like all known LIM class homeobox genes, Xlim-1 encodes a protein with two tandemly repeated cysteine-rich LIM domains upstream of the homeodomain. In Xenopus laevis, Xlim-1 is specifically expressed in the Spemann organizer, whose major functions include neural induction and dorsalization of ventral mesoderm. From RNA injection experiments we conclude here that: (1) the LIM domains behave as negative regulatory domains; (2) LIM domain mutants of Xlim-1 elicited neural differentiation in animal explants; (3) mutant, and to a lesser extent wild-type, Xlim-1 enhanced muscle formation after coinjection with Xbra; (4) both of these activities are mediated by extracellular signals as seen in combined explant experiments; (5) Xlim-1 mutants activated goosecoid (gsc) expression in animal explants, but not expression of noggin or follistatin; (6) mutant Xlim-1 elicited formation of partial secondary axes, and cooperated with gsc in notochord formation. Thus Xlim-1 has latent activities, implicating it in organizer functions.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Contribution of RGD sequence to neuronal migration in developing cerebral cortex.

The RGD sequence (Arg-Gly-Asp) is known to bind integrins and the synthetic RGD tripeptide inhibits cell adhesion and migration of cultured neuronal cells. However, it is not known whether migration of neuronal precursors in vivo during the cortical histogenesis of the mammalian telencephalon depends on the RGD sequence. To examine this possibility, the RGD peptide was injected into the telencephalic vesicle of mouse embryos. A hypoplastic cortical plate was induced and histological analysis and BrdU-immunohistochemistry revealed that the RGD sequence is involved in neuronal migration and proliferation in the telencephalon during formation of the cortical plate.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1994

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of curculin. A new type of sweet protein having taste-modifying action.

A taste-modifying protein, curculin, has been crystallized by the vapor diffusion method using polyethylene glycol 400 as a precipitant. The crystals belong to orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with unit cell dimensions: a = 105 A, b = 271 A, c = 48.7 A. The crystals diffract X-rays to at least a resolution of 3.0 A and are suitable for X-ray crystallographic studies.

Crystallization↗

PubMed1994

Transgenic mouse model of hemifacial microsomia: cloning and characterization of insertional mutation region on chromosome 10.

The 643 transgenic mouse line carries an autosomal dominant insertional mutation that results in hemifacial microsomia (HFM), including microtia and/or abnormal biting. In this paper, we characterize the transgene integration site in transgenic mice and preintegration site of wildtype mice. The locus, designated Hfm (hemifacial microsomia-associated locus), was mapped to chromosome 10, B1-3, by chromosome in situ hybridization. We cloned the transgene insertion site from the transgenic DNA library. By using the 5' and 3' flanking sequences, the preintegration region was isolated. The analysis of these regions showed that a deletion of at least 23 kb DNA occurred in association with the transgene integration. Evolutionarily conserved regions were detected within and beside the deleted region. The result of mating between hemizygotes suggests that the phenotype of the homozygote is lethality in the prenatal period. These results suggest that the Hfm locus is necessary for prenatal development and that this strain is a useful animal model for investigating the genetic predisposition to HFM in humans.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

A novel aspect of thrombin in the tissue reaction following central nervous system injury.

Thrombin and two different types of control solutions (buffer and albumin) were continuously infused into the rat caudoputamen by an osmotic minipump. Routine histological studies with immunohistochemistry using antibodies for BrdU, GFAP, vimentin and laminin were carried out to assess infiltration of inflammatory cells, formation of edema, cell proliferation, and reactivity of astrocytes and mesenchymal cells. The number of inflammatory cells, number of BrdU positive cells, area and number of vimentin positive astrocytes, and the area of GFAP-positive reactive astrocytes were quantitatively analyzed. In the thrombin group, pale tissue foci due to spongiosis were observed together with infiltration of inflammatory cells, proliferation of mesenchymal cells, and increase of vimentin positive astrocytes which was significantly different from the control groups. The results suggest that thrombin plays an important role in inflammation, brain edema and reactive gliosis following CNS injury.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Development of the lens in human embryos: a histochemical and ultrastructural study.

The early development of the lens was examined, using 36 externally normal human embryos at Carnegie stages 13-23 (4 to 8 weeks of gestation). Twenty-two embryos were sectioned serially and stained with periodic acid-Schiff and a modified method of PAS. In 14 embryos, not only the differential distribution of glycogen but also the ultrastructural change in the developing lens, with special reference to junctional complexes, were examined electron microscopically. At stage 15, when the lens vesicle was formed, glycogen was observed in the cytoplasm of the lens epithelium, especially in the posterior lens epithelium. From stages 16 to 18, when the posterior lens epithelium was differentiated into the primary lens fibers and elongated toward the anterior lens epithelium, the amount of glycogen increased in the basal cytoplasm of the primary lens fiber, where the intracellular organelles, such as the tubular vesicles, mitochondria and multivesicular bodies, began to aggregate. At stage 20, when the lens cavity was obliterated, glycogen was also present in the anterior lens epithelium. At stage 21, as the formation of the secondary lens fibers proceeded, glycogen was noted in the secondary lens fibers in the equator region. These findings suggest that the distribution of glycogen is associated with the formation of the primary and secondary lens fibers. In addition, we provide additional information that a lot of glycogen is distributed in the region where many intracellular organelles aggregate in the embryonic lens vesicles.

Glycogen↗

PubMed1994

Expression of the LIM class homeobox gene Xlim-1 in pronephros and CNS cell lineages of Xenopus embryos is affected by retinoic acid and exogastrulation.

The LIM class homeobox gene Xlim-1 is expressed in Xenopus embryos in the lineages leading to (i) the notochord, (ii) the pronephros, and (iii) certain cells of the central nervous system (CNS). In its first expression phase, Xlim-1 mRNA arises in the Spemann organizer region, accumulates in prechordal mesoderm and notochord during gastrulation, and decays in these tissues during neurula stages except that it persists in the posterior tip of the notochord. In the second phase, expression in lateral mesoderm begins at late gastrula, and converges to the pronephros at tailbud stages. Expression in a central location of the neural plate also initiates at late gastrula, expands anteriorly and posteriorly, and becomes established in the lateral regions of the spinal cord and hindbrain at tailbud stages. Thus Xlim-1 expression precedes morphogenesis, suggesting that it may be involved in cell specification in these lineages. Enhancement of Xlim-1 expression by retinoic acid (RA) was first detectable in the dorsal mesoderm at initial gastrula. During gastrulation and early neurulation, RA strongly enhanced Xlim-1 expression in all three lineages and also expanded its expressing domains; this overexpression correlated well with RA phenotypes such as enlarged pronephros and hindbrain-like structure. Exogastrulation reduced Xlim-1 expression in the lateral mesoderm and ectoderm but not in the notochord, suggesting that the second phase of Xlim-1 expression requires mesoderm/ectoderm interactions. RA treatment of exogastrulae did not revert this reduction.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

[Two cases of complete transection of the thoracic aorta caused by blunt chest trauma].

Two patients with complete transection of the thoracic aorta, caused by blunt chest trauma, were survived after successful surgical repair. Only seven such cases are reported in the Japanese literature. The present cases were 52- and 28-year-old males injured in different accidents by rapid deceleration, both at collision with the rear of a parked trunk. The first case, on the fifth day of hospitalization, suddenly went into shock with severe thoracodorsal pain. The second case developed hemothorax soon after the accident. Both cases were diagnosed with angiography. The lesions were located in the upper portion of the descending aorta. The operations, performed on the 13th and 34th days after the respective accidents, combined median sternotomy with left thoracotomy through the 3rd intercostal space. The first case suffered complete transection of the aorta at the ductal ligament. In the second case, the intima and media of the descending aorta, at 8 cm below the branching of the left subclavian artery, were affected by complete transection. We operated with a V-A bypass of which cannulation was performed to right atrium and left femoral artery in the first case, and with an ascending aorta-left femoral artery bypass with a centrifugal pump in the second case. The lesions were repaired with 26 mm and 20 mm woven Dacron grafts, respectively. The patients have recovered sufficiently to do normal daily lives. In cases with circumferential transection of the thoracic aorta caused by blunt chest trauma, only those with pseudoaneurysm formation, who remain in a hemostatic state can be saved by surgery, We conclude that if the hemodynamic state is stable and blood pressure is strictly controlled in such cases, the elective operation can be performed.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Cued recall hypermnesia is not an artifact of response bias.

In two experiments, we examined whether hypermnesia occurs in cued recall when response bias is controlled by instructing subjects to generate more responses than they normally produce under standard cued recall instructions. Subjects processed 36 pairs of words using a relational processing, item-specific processing, or intentional learning strategy. A well-categorized list was presented in Experiment 1, whereas a loosely categorized list was used in Experiment 2. Three standard or forced cued recall tests were then administered. Hypermnesia was observed even when subjects were forced to guess. Furthermore, as in previous studies, relational processing resulted in greater net improvement than item-specific processing or intentional learning. We conclude that cued recall hypermnesia is a genuine phenomenon.

Amnesia↗

PubMed1994

[A case report of emergency surgery for ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm into the right thoracic cavity].

Rupture of aneurysm of descending thoracic aorta into the right thoracic cavity is an uncommon manifestation and, therefore, carries a high mortality rate. Sixty seven-year-old female was referred to our hospital due to ruptured aneurysm of descending thoracic aorta into the right thoracic cavity. Emergency operation was performed to replace the ruptured descending thoracic aorta through a left thoracotomy and to remove huge hematoma in the right thoracic cavity through a right thoracotomy. Post-operative chest radiograph showed well-expanded right lung which appears to prevent a serious respiratory complication. The patient recovered uneventfully after seven days of respiratory support.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

Tyrosine kinase(s) regulate apoptosis and bcl-2 expression in a growth factor-dependent cell line.

Apoptosis (programmed cell death) plays a critical role in many physiological processes, but the mechanism(s) which regulate apoptosis are poorly understood. We demonstrate that in a hematopoietic cell line, which can grow in either interleukin (IL)-2 or IL-3, both of these growth factors can increase bcl-2 mRNA levels and prevent apoptosis normally seen following growth factor withdrawal. Herbimycin A, a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, blocks the ability of IL-2 and IL-3 to up-regulate bcl-2 mRNA levels and induces apoptosis. Transfection of a bcl-2 expression vector not only prolongs survival following growth factor withdrawal but also confers resistance to the effect of herbimycin A. We conclude that herbimycin A-sensitive protein tyrosine kinases are involved in the regulation of apoptosis and bcl-2 expression, but these protein tyrosine kinases appear not to be required for the action of Bcl-2 since Bcl-2 can exert its growth survival effect even in the presence of herbimycin A.

Animals↗