Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H Ota

Publications and source records attributed to H Ota.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Identification of a dysfibrinogen, the substitution of gamma308Asn(AAT) to Lys(AAG), using coagulation tests, immunoblot analysis, and allele-specific polymerase chain reaction.

During the past 3 years, we encountered 12 new cases suspected of being dysfibrinogenemias, via plasma coagulation screening tests, which included determination of fibrinogen concentration both by thrombin time and immunologic methods. We performed sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions and immunoblot analysis for these plasma fibrinogens. We identified two cases that were characterized by two distinct gamma-chain bands, similar to previous observations with Matsumoto-II (the substitution of gamma308Asn to Lys). Therefore, in order to identify the gamma308Lys variant easily and rapidly, we established an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR). AS-PCR results indicated that the two cases were indeed heterozygous for the gamma308Lys variant; ten other cases were negative for this mutation. In conclusion, the ratio of fibrinogen concentrations determined by functional and antigenic methods in combination with the immunoblot analysis made these cases attractive for identifying the gamma308Lys mutation. The AS-PCR method proved to be a useful procedure to identify the gamma308K mutation.

Alleles↗
PubMed2000

Aberrant expression of glutathione peroxidase in eutopic and ectopic endometrium in endometriosis and adenomyosis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the expression of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the eutopic and ectopic endometria during the menstrual cycle in endometriosis and adenomyosis. DESIGN: Immunohistochemical identification of GPx in endometrial tissues identified using the polyclonal antibody. SETTING: Department of obstetrics and gynecology in a university hospital. PATIENT(S): One hundred fourteen women divided into three groups: 33 patients with endometriosis, 34 patients with adenomyosis, and 47 fertile control subjects. INTERVENTION(S): Endometrium biopsied throughout the menstrual cycle. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Endometrial cells: semiquantitative immunostaining (evaluation nomogram) score. RESULT(S): The analyses revealed phase-dependent changes of GPx expression in the surface and glandular epithelia in the eutopic endometrium during the menstrual cycle in the fertile controls, i.e., the expression was weak in the early proliferative phase, gradually increased, was most marked in the early secretory phase, and decreased thereafter. The expression of GPx in the eutopic endometrium in endometriosis lost the variation during the menstrual cycle. The expression of GPx in adenomyosis was persistently marked over the control levels throughout the menstrual cycle. CONCLUSION(S): The aberrant expression of GPx in the eutopic endometrium throughout the cycle suggests a pathological role in endometriosis and adenomyosis.

Endometriosis↗
PubMed2000

Laparoscopy-assisted Ruge procedure for the creation of a neovagina in a patient with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the successful use of a laparoscopy-assisted Ruge procedure for the reconstruction of a vagina in a patient with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: A university hospital. PATIENT(S): A 19-year-old Japanese woman with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome. INTERVENTION(S): Creation of a neovagina by a laparoscopy-assisted Ruge technique. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Clinical examinations were performed during the follow-up period. The depth and diameter of the neovagina were measured by vaginography. Patient satisfaction also was determined. RESULT(S): The neovagina was 12 cm in length and 4 cm in diameter. The mucosa of the neovagina was pinkish and had a moist surface. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed. CONCLUSION(S): The use of an isolated segment of the sigmoid colon for vaginal construction has the advantages of providing a sufficient length of neovagina and not requiring immediate postoperative self-dilatation. We believe that our procedure has various advantages in addition to those of the original Ruge method, including its minimally invasive nature and excellent cosmetic results. Further, a laparoscopy-assisted operation allows for the diagnosis of uterine defects and the creation of a neovagina at the same time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Molecular identification of main cellular lineages as a tool for the classification of gastric cancer.

Gastric carcinomas (GC) are heterogeneous tumors comprising variable amounts of cells of different lineage phenotype, including gastric mucous cells (surface--SMC or gland--GMC) and intestinal cells (IC). The evaluation of tumor behavior has classically depended on strictly morphological classifications of tumors. Microsatellite instability (MSI) is frequently detected in GC, but whether MSI affects all gastric cellular lineages or exclusively occurs in unique cellular lineages in GC is not known. The aims of this study were to test a combination of anti-mucin antibodies to classify gastric cancer into predominant cell lineage phenotype and to determine whether MSI in GC is associated with particular cellular tumor phenotypes. Fifty-five GC were immunophenotyped with antibodies specific for SMC, GMC, or IC. DNA was extracted from tumor and non-neoplastic gastric tissues and amplified with 5 microsatellite markers. A mixed cellular pattern was the most frequent phenotype of GC (61%) and was seen in both glandular (63%) and diffuse (58%)-type tumors. No significant difference in the rate of MSI was found in tumors with predominant gastric, intestinal or mixed phenotype. However, tumors with null or low-level expression of cellular lineage differentiation markers displayed MSI more frequently than tumors with high-level expression (40% v 20%). In conclusion, different gastric carcinoma cell lineage patterns can be easily identified with the 3 immunohistochemical markers used in this study. The 3 main cellular lineage components of gastric cancer can be similarly affected by microsatellite instability, consistent with the notion that MSI is an early event in gastric carcinogenesis.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Localization of endothelial nitric oxide synthase messenger ribonucleic acid by in situ hybridization in ectopic endometrial tissue in patients with adenomyosis.

This study was undertaken to determine the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) mRNA in ectopic endometrium in adenomyosis. Endothelial NOS mRNA expression was investigated by in situ hybridization using a human endothelial NOS RNA probe. The subjects comprised six cases of adenomyosis, and 14 women with normal fecundity as controls. Specific expression of endothelial NOS mRNA was found in glandular and surface epithelial cells in eutopic endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle in all groups. It is noteworthy that the expression of endothelial NOS mRNA was moderately positive in ectopic endometrial tissues in three of the six cases of adenomyosis. In conclusion, the endothelial NOS mRNA expression seen in the ectopic endometrium suggests a possible relationship with the various pathologies associated with adenomyosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Beliefs about overcoming psychological problems among British and Japanese students.

This study was part of a series investigating lay attributions for the cure of psychological problems. Three groups of students--Japanese students in Japan, Japanese students studying in England, and British students--completed a questionnaire and rated the perceived efficacy of 24 different strategies for overcoming each of 5 psychological problems: agoraphobia, depression, smoking cessation, lack of confidence, and obesity. Factor analysis of the curative strategies revealed 5 interpretable factors, the first 3 of which were Professional Help, Inner Control, and Understanding. There were numerous cultural differences between the British group and both Japanese groups in their written ratings of strategies, particularly professional help, for each psychological problem.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

Participation of CYP2A in cocaine-induced hepatotoxicity in female mice.

Female ICR mice were treated with cocaine either alone or in combination with one of several cytochrome P450 (CYP) inducers, i.e. phenobarbital, beta-ionone, dexamethasone and beta-naphthoflavone. Cocaine-induced hepatotoxicity was first observed by pretreatment with phenobarbital, beta-ionone or dexamethasone in accordance with significant elevation of cocaine N-demethylation, the first step of cocaine bioactivation. The hepatic lesions occured in the periportal region (zone 1) by phenobarbital and beta-ionone and in the perivenular region (zone 3) by dexamethasone. The activities of the enzyme specific for CYP isozyme were determined to elucidate the effects of pretreatment with CYP inducers. Beta-naphthoflavone induced CYP1A and 2B but had no effects on hepatotoxicity by cocaine. On the other hand, beta-ionone enhanced hepatotoxicity without induction of CYP3A. Activities of cocaine N-demethylase correlated well with CYP2A (r=0.83) and CYP2B (r=0.81). Cocaine N-demethylation was inhibited particularly by addition of the CYP2A specific inhibitor, 8-methoxypsoralen. Moreover, pretreatment with 8-methoxypsoralen produced a marked inhibition of the hepatotoxicity induced by cocaine in phenobarbital-treated mice. These results suggest that cocaine-induced hepatotoxicity in female mice was mediated in part by CYP2A, participating in cocaine N-demethylation.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed2000

Evidence from a nine-year birth cohort study in Japan of transmission pathways of Helicobacter pylori infection.

We examined the longitudinal changes of Helicobacter pylori infection within 46 families with children and 48 couples without children living in Japan. The study cohort was monitored from 1986 to 1994. H. pylori status was assessed by the presence of anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin G antibodies. At study entry, H. pylori prevalence in children with positive mothers was 23% versus 5% in children with negative mothers (odds ratio = 5.3; 95% confidence interval = 0.6 to 42.8). Seroconversion (rate of 1.5%/year) was evident only among children living with positive mothers and did not differ among adults living with or without children. These data strongly support the cluster phenomenon of H. pylori infection among families, the key role of the infected mothers in the transmission within families, and the importance of adult-child transmission and not vice versa.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

A preliminary study on the knowledge and attitudes of physicians at two university hospitals towards the medical insurance system of Japan.

In this preliminary study, we surveyed the physicians at two academic hospitals on their knowledge of and attitudes toward the medical insurance system in Japan. Most of the physicians had not read the "Ministerial Ordinance on Insurance Medical Institutions' and Insurance Medical Doctors' Medical Treatment under Health Insurance." Of the 433 physicians who filled out the questionnaire completely, 34% had either not read or rarely read the "Medical Fee Point List." Most (89.1%) of the physicians knew that there is a stepwise reduction in the hospitalization fee as the length of a patient's hospital stay increases. However, approximately 30% did not know the stipulation of obtaining an informed consent from the patient prior to blood transfusion. As for the right of patients to see their medical care remuneration statements, which was decided by the government in 1997, 26.8% of the physicians did not know this rule. Physicians who had read the "Ministerial Ordinance on Medical Treatment," were more likely to read the "Medical Fee Point List" frequently; were more likely to know the stipulation about diminishing hospitalization fee; were more likely to know that an informed consent must be obtained prior to blood transfusion; and were more likely to know that patients had a right to see their medical care remuneration statements. The longer the clinical experience of the physician, the more likely that the physician had read the "Ministerial Ordinance on Medical Treatment" and know the other stipulations well. In these two academic hospitals, it is important to establish educational seminars for physicians on the guidelines of the medical insurance system so that physicians will become familiar with the medical insurance system quickly.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2000

[Clinicopathological study of left ventricular remodeling after first acute myocardial infarction].

The morphological characteristics of post-infarction ventricular remodeling were determined by comparison of infarct location and histological changes of noninfarcted myocardium at autopsy. A total of 94 cases of first acute myocardial infarction with clinical courses of 0 to 37 days were studied. Hearts were sliced on the short axis at the level of 1/3 of the distance from the atrioventricular ring to the apex. Wall thicknesses of the infarcted and noninfarcted areas, and the endocardial and epicardial perimeter lengths of the left ventricle were measured. Myocyte diameter and number of myocytes in the noninfarcted area were measured. Infarcts were classified into 3 groups based on infarct location (51 anterior, 22 posterior, and 21 nontransmural circumferential) and each group was further divided according to the clinical course of less than 72 hours or longer. Fifty two patients died within 72 hours. Cardiac rupture was the most common cause of death in the anterior group. Patients in the posterior group chiefly died due to cardiogenic shock and in the circumferential group chiefly died to pump failure. According to the number of stenosed coronary arteries, cardiac rupture was the most common cause of death in single-vessel disease in both anterior and posterior groups (62.1% and 55.6%, respectively). In double-vessel disease, the most common cause of death in the anterior group was still cardiac rupture (50.0%). On the other hand, 50.0% of the posterior group died of cardiogenic shock in double-vessel disease. Patients with triple-vessel disease mainly died due to heart failure in all groups. Wall thickness of the infarcted myocardium was decreased in the anterior group after 72 hours (11.8 +/- 3.5 vs 7.8 +/- 2.5 mm). Endocardial perimeter length was increased in the anterior and circumferential groups (83.6 +/- 25.6 vs 116.3 +/- 29.5 mm, 75.2 +/- 12.0 vs 117.6 +/- 3.1 mm, respectively). Endocardial/epicardial perimeter length ratio increased with longer clinical course in the anterior group. No specific change in wall thickness or perimeter length was found in the posterior group. Noninfarcted wall thickness was preserved in both the anterior and posterior groups. Myocyte diameter and number of myocytes in the noninfarcted area showed no significant difference after 72 hours. The nature of ventricular remodeling differs with infarct location. Ventricular dilation occurred during the clinical course in the anterior group. The transmural and adjacent areas are more important than the remote noninfarcted area in post-infarction remodeling within this period.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[The comparison of sensitivity between immunostaining and a simplified PCR-cold SSCP method in p53 genomic mutations].

The PCR-SSCP (single strand conformational polymorphism) method has been widely employed to screen mutations in a variety of genes because of its rapidity and simplicity in the operation. Using this method, we have examined mutations of some tumor-related genes including p53 and Ki-ras. In this study, we have evaluated the PCR-Cold (non radioactive) SSCP method for detection of p53 point mutations in comparison with immunohistological detection of p53 and PCR-direct sequencing. The results indicated that the PCR-Cold SSCP method had the same sensitivity with that of PCR-direct sequencing method, and had higher sensitivity than that of immunohistochemical method (IHC).

Genes, p53↗
PubMed2000

[Acute respiratory failure due to inhalation of aerosol water proof agent].

A 65-year-old laundryman who suffered from cough, fever, and dyspnea was admitted to our hospital. Laboratory finding disclosed leukocytosis of peripheral blood, elevated CRP, and hypoxemia. Chest X-ray films showed diffuse interstitial nodular shadows in both lungs. The patient was given a diagnosis of pneumonia and treated with oxygen inhalation, antibiotics, and steroids. The abnormal findings disappeared rapidly, and the patient was discharged after 11 days. However, he was readmitted 3 days later with the same chest X-ray film findings as observed before. Examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid disclosed an increased neutrophil count. Transbronchial lung biopsy specimens revealed alveolar collapse, which was considered to have contributed to hypoxemia and ventilation perfusion mismatch. However, no signs of infiltration of inflammatory cells into alveolar walls, or of acute-phase interstitial edema, were observed. Environmental studies supported a strong relationship between the patient's symptoms and clothes waterproofing agent. From these findings, we reasoned that the inhalation of aerosol waterproofing agent containing fluoroplastics can induce respiratory failure.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

[Pathological examination for liver transplantation].

Liver biopsy plays an important role in the histopathological evaluation of the transplanted liver. In this review, we would like to describe the histological features of various forms of diseases such as allograft rejections occurring in transplanted livers. When severe steatosis is found in the donor liver, transplantation is contraindicated. Ischemic liver damage caused by transplant hypoperfusion is called harvesting or re-perfusion injury and characterized by the histological features of liver-cell ballooning, centrilobular cholestasis, and apoptosis of hepatocytes. Acute rejection occurring more commonly in the first few weeks after transplantation is defined by the diagnostic triad of portal inflammatory infiltrates, endothelialitis, and bile duct damage, whereas chronic rejection is characterized by the presence of ductopenia and foam cell arteriopathy. Obstruction of the hepatic artery leads to severe centrilobular necrosis of the allograft. Among viral infections affecting the allografts, cytomegalovirus infection occurs most frequently, and typical intranuclear or cytoplasmic inclusions are hallmarks of the infection. Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders are closely associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection. Therapeutic drugs such as azathioprine and cyclosporin A also cause liver damage, but specific histological features of drug-induced injury have not yet been clarified. Recurrence of original diseases such as viral hepatitis or malignant tumors is also evaluated by the liver biopsy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

Cytologic and cytochemical features of adenoma malignum of the uterine cervix.

BACKGROUND: We previously reported that adenoma malignum (the mucinous type of minimal deviation adenocarcinoma [mucinous MDA]) of the uterine cervix expresses gastric phenotypes. The application of immunocytochemistry using HIK1083, a monoclonal antibody for gastric gland mucous cell mucin, enabled us to identify cellular clusters derived not only from typical lesions of mucinous MDA and less well differentiated lesions but also from gastric metaplasia. In this study, we tried to clarify the cellular features of such clusters in cervical and endometrial smears. METHODS: Twelve cases of mucinous MDA were studied. Papanicolaou stain and immunostaining with HIK1083 were performed on histologic and cytologic slides, including cervical and endometrial smears, decolorized smear slides, imprint slides of the tumors, and imprint slides of normal endocervical and gastric mucosa. RESULTS: Cellular clusters derived from metaplastic lesions, typical lesions, and less well differentiated lesions were found in 9, 4, and 2 cases, respectively. The cellular clusters derived from the metaplastic lesions lacked atypia but resembled those from gastric mucosa. Those derived from the typical lesions showed slight atypia. The cytoplasmic mucins of these cellular clusters, which were positive for HIK1083, were stained yellowish-orange by Papanicolaou stain, whereas those of normal endocervical cells were negative for HIK1083 and were stained pinkish by Papanicolaou stain. CONCLUSIONS: Yellowish-orange staining of cytoplasmic mucins by the Papanicolaou method is an important diagnostic clue aiding identification of mucinous MDA and related lesions by cytology. Moreover, immunostaining with HIK1083 is a useful tool in the diagnosis of these lesions by cytology as well as by histology. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol)

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1999

Participation of the liver in generation of a vigorous anti-donor response after inoculation of donor spleen cells.

BACKGROUND: There is a general agreement that a preferential accumulation of alloantigens within the liver could induce hyporesponsiveness to the inoculated antigens. Entrapment of antigens in the liver may evoke an unique immune response in the organ and play a key role in determination of the fate of the transplanted grafts. To understand the immune response in the liver after inoculation of allogeneic donor antigens, we examined the immune response to systemically inoculated alloantigen in rats whose sensitized liver was replaced with that of naive rats or in naive rats whose liver was replaced with that of sensitized rats. METHODS: Using implantation of syngeneic liver (alloantigen-accumulated/naive) in rats (naive/alloantigen-sensitized), we compared the immune responses to alloantigen between rats with hepatic/extrahepatic alloantigen at 24 hr after alloantigen inoculation. This was called sensitized-liver-grafted (SLG)/sensitized-liver-removed (SLR) treatment. The immune response to donor alloantigen in this model was evaluated by survival of skin or heart grafts, complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) titer and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response. RESULTS: Compared with the mean survival time (MST) in donor spleen cell inoculated (DSI) rats (skin and heart, MST: 8.2+/-1.1 and 10.7+/-2.3 days), SLG rats rejected allografts in an accelerated fashion (skin and heart, MST: 5.5+/-0.5 and 4.2+/-0.8 days), associated with higher CDC titer and DTH response. In contrast, allograft survival was moderately prolonged in SLR (skin and heart, MST: 16.5+/-2.6 and 29.5+/-3.7 days) associated with suppressed CDC titer and DTH response. The survival of third-party allograft after SLG or SLR treatment (skin, MST: 9.3+/-1.5 or 9.7+/-0.6 days) indicated that immunological hyper/hyporesponsiveness was donor-specific. CONCLUSIONS: A strong anti-donor immune response was induced by the transfer of donor antigen-baring liver to naive rats 24 hr after alloantigen inoculation, whereas removal of the liver suppressed alloimmune response. Our results indicate that vigorous anti-alloimmune response occurred in the liver after systemic inoculation of donor spleen cells.

Adoptive Transfer↗