Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H Oshima

Publications and source records attributed to H Oshima.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Clinical studies on endocrine therapy of prostatic carcinoma (3): Histopathological features of prostatic carcinoma and its prognosis].

We investigated how histopathological features, such as structural atypism (SAT), nuclear anaplasia (NAN) and Gleason's pattern, influence the prognosis of patients receiving endocrine therapy. Patients with SAT 3 or NAN 3 clearly had a lower survival rate and a shorter survival period than those with other grades of SAT or NAN and this tendency was more prominent in the high stage than low stage. Patients with a higher grade of SAT or NAN had a poorer prognosis as well, when only cancer-related death was considered in the calculation of survival and survival period. The results described above suggest that the grade of SAT and NAN is one of most influential factors for prognosis. In the analysis for the prognosis of patients according to grade of mean value of SAT + NAN, there were differences in prognosis among mean value of SAT + NAN 2-4, 5 and 6. This indicated that the combined grading system would provide more information to the prediction of prognosis. Patients with Gleason's primary (or secondary) pattern 1 and 2, or 3 and 4 had a better survival than those with pattern 5 in the analysis when only cancer-related death was considered. This was coincident with the result that the survival rate for each Gleason's sum 2-3, 4-5, 6, 7-8 and 9-10 was different. Consequently, Gleason's pattern influenced the rate of cancer-related deaths, and this pattern may be another important factor for predicting the prognosis.

Estrogens↗
PubMed1989

Differential modulation of gene induction by glucocorticoids and antiglucocorticoids in rat hepatoma tissue culture cells.

Studies of glucocorticoid and antiglucocorticoid induction of tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) in two rat hepatoma cell lines (Fu5-5 and HTC) are described. These studies revealed several phenomena that are not consistent with the current models of steroid hormone action: (a) TAT induction occurred at glucocorticoid levels below those required for comparable receptor occupancy in Fu5-5, but not in HTC, cells; (b) the ability of antiglucocorticoids to induce TAT is higher in Fu5-5 than in HTC cells; (c) the values of the amount of TAT agonist activity with the antiglucocorticoid dexamethasone 21-mesylate and of log10 of the dexamethasone concentration required for half-maximal induction of TAT were not constant over time but varied in a linear, reciprocal manner. This modulation was seen for several glucocorticoids and antiglucocorticoids at the level of both TAT enzyme and mRNA but not for two other glucocorticoid inducible genes in the same cells. These results, plus the fact that a similar difference in the concentration required for half-maximal TAT induction in Fu5-5 cells was seen for both glucocorticoids and cyclic AMP, argue that the modulation occurs at some point distal to receptor-steroid complex binding to the biologically active nuclear sites but proximal to translation of TAT mRNA. In order to explain these results, it is pointed out that models involving second messengers are entirely appropriate for steroid hormone action. The participation of a modulated trans-acting factor in such a model may explain the above results.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Relationship of changing delta 4-steroid 5 alpha-reductase activity to [125I]iododeoxyuridine uptake during regeneration of involuted rat prostates.

To elucidate the phenotypic expression of proliferating prostatic cells, rats were castrated, and the regenerating process of involuted ventral prostates during testosterone propionate (TP) administration was investigated by examining morphology, [5-125I]iododeoxyuridine (125I-UdR) uptake, DNA content, weight, acid phosphatase, and delta 4-steroid 5 alpha-reductase (5 alpha-reductase) activities. Morphologically, TP treatment initially increased the number of epithelial cells lining glandular lobules and subsequently restored the shape of epithelial cells. 125I-UdR uptake peaked on Day 3 of TP treatment and stayed at higher levels than for uncastrated controls until Day 14 of treatment. Prostatic weight, protein content, acid phosphatase, and DNA content returned to uncastrated control levels by Day 14 of TP treatment. TP administration markedly stimulated prostatic 5 alpha-reductase activity, which peaked on the Day 5 of treatment and decreased to uncastrated control levels by Day 14 of treatment. It is concluded that TP administration to castrated rats initially induced active mitotic division of the remaining stem cells, followed by formation of differentiated functional epithelial cells. Prostatic 5 alpha-reductase was highly active at the initial phase of active mitotic cell division. The major portion of the increased enzyme activity can be regarded as a phenotypic expression of stem or transient cells of prostatic epithelium.

3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1989

The structure of M-GTFI, an inhibitor of glucosyltransferase from S. mutans, and its inhibitory relationship with other sulfate ester-containing inhibitors.

M-GTFI, an inhibitor of glucosyltransferase from S. mutans was produced by Micromonospora narashinoensis strain No. 731. The isolation procedure for M-GTFI was improved and established for spectroscopic analyses, and some properties of the inhibitor were investigated. The structure of M-GTFI was shown to be trisodium [2-sulphonato-(E)-9-undecenyll-oxacyclotriacont-(E)-3- en-2-one, 16, 18-bis sulphonate. The chemical structure of M-GTFI was therefore similar to that of izumenolide which is a beta-lactamase inhibitor containing sulfate ester groups in its molecule. The inhibitory characteristics of M-GTFI were parallel to that of other inhibitory compounds containing sulphate esters but the spectrum of activity was wider.

Alkanesulfonates↗
PubMed1989

[Results of a modified Stamey technique in the management of female urinary stress incontinence].

A modified Stamey technique was applied to nineteen women to control their stress incontinence. Needle puncture was reduced to one time for each side of the urethra by placing the Dacron sleeve parallel to the urethra. Postoperatively, the urethrovesical angle was reduced to be within normal limit, and functional urethral length and maximum urethral closure pressure increased significantly. All patients receiving the modified operation restored urinary continence without any significant complications.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Translumbar radical nephrectomy of renal cell carcinoma].

We invented a new surgical approach to the kidney through the flank to perform a radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. With the patient in usual lateral decubitus position keeping the dorsum vertical to the operating table, a skin incision is made over the XII rib from the posterior axillary line to the lateral edge of the rectus muscle. After the tip of XII rib is resected by about 5 cm, the retroperitoneal space is entered. Blunt dissection of the posterior aspect of Gerota's fascia from fasciae of the quadratus lumborum and psoas muscle is easily carried out with a liver retractor or intestinal spatula. The pulsating renal artery can be identified through Gerota's fascia when the renal hilus is exposed. Following ligation and division of the artery, renal vein is exposed. On the left side, adrenal, gonadal and occasionally lumbar veins are also ligated and severed in addition to the renal vein. Then, the kidney in Gerota's fascia is removed en bloc with perinephric adipose tissue and adrenal gland. Of 21 patients with renal cell carcinoma seen during 1 year and 3 months from June 1987, 11 underwent this operation, and other 10 patients transperitoneal radical nephrectomy because of the possible tumor extension into the renal vein, inferior vena cava or adjacent organ, the severe spinal deformity or metastases and the necessity of additional surgical procedures for concomitant benign intraperitoneal diseases. The blood loss was smaller and operating time was shorter significantly in the translumbar group than the evaluable transperitoneal group. None of those in the translumbar group received blood transfusion. As complications, pneumothorax due to pleural injury during operation and postoperative incisional hernia occurred each in one patient, but no other serious one was found. From the above results, this approach seems to be one of choices for the surgical treatment of renal cell carcinoma, as long as the tumor is not likely to extend to adjacent organs, ipsilateral nodes or the inferior vena cava.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical evaluation of serum basic fetoprotein--comparative study of serum immunosuppressive acid protein].

The clinical significance of serum basic fetoprotein (BFP) in renal cell carcinoma was investigated in comparison with serum immunosuppressive acid protein (IAP). Investigated in this study were 46 patients with renal cell carcinoma, 31 males and 15 females ranging in age from 40 to 85 years (mean age: 56 years). According to Robson's system of staging, 10 cases (22%) had a stage I disease, 14 cases (30%) a stage II disease, and 18 (39%) a stage IV disease. The positivity rate for and levels of serum BFP were found higher as disease stage advanced, with 54% of the entire cases and 72% of stage IV cases being positive for serum BFP. On the other hand, 76% of 34 cases for whom assay of serum IAP was feasible and 79% of stage IV cases were positive for serum IAP, thus here again the positivity rate for and serum levels of the marker became increasingly higher with advancing disease stage. Simultaneous assay of serum BFP and IAP demonstrated that 85% of stage IV renal cell carcinoma cases were positive for at least one of the two markers. A study of changes in these tumor markers before and after curative resection of the tumor showed that BFP decreased below the preoperative level within 1 week postoperatively in 92% and even returned to normal in 75% of cases who were positive for the tumor markers preoperatively, while serum IAP reduced below the preoperative level in 82% and returned to normal in 27% of the cases preoperatively.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Andrology].

Andrology could be defined as reproductive biology from the male side based on multidisciplinary sciences. Organizing process of domestic and international societies of andrology was outlined according to their development. Major topics in andrology were also critically introduced to assist understanding the field and future goal of andrology.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[A study of intercellular communication of human transitional cell carcinoma cell lines].

Intercellular communication (IC) was investigated by a dye transfer method in 5 human bladder carcinoma cell lines, JTC-29, JTC-30, JTC-32, HUB-41 and T-24 which showed various histological anaplasia when transplanted into nude mice. IC was investigated as follows; 1) IC among cells of each bladder carcinoma cell lines, 2) IC between various combination of different cell lines and 3) IC between cells of bladder carcinoma cell lines and fibroblasts prepared from the human skin or prostate. High IC was observed among JTC-30 cells which showed a differentiated pattern when transplanted into nude mice. JTC-32 and HUB-41, of which transplanted tumors showed poorly differentiated patterns, demonstrated lower IC than JTC-30. Statistical significance was present only between JTC-30 and JTC-32 cells (p less than 0.05). T-24 which formed histologically anaplastic tumor in nude mice demonstrated markedly poor IC. Second, IC between two different cell lines was demonstrated only between JTC-30 and JTC-32. Third, fibroblast from the skin and prostate had high IC but showed apparent IC with none of bladder carcinoma cell lines. These findings indicate that ICs of bladder tumor cells vary with cell lines tested and appear to decrease with progress of malignant anaplasia. Furthermore, the fact that there is sometimes high IC and sometimes lack of IC between differentiated and undifferentiated tumor cells suggests a possible role of IC in prevention of malignant progression. The present study provides no evidence of IC between bladder tumor cells and fibroblasts, which in some reports have been suggested to be an important phenomenon in evaluating the metastatic capacity of cancer cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Immunohistochemical evidence for the production of tumor necrosis factor by murine MH134 tumor cells as well as monocytes in tumor lesions after systemic administration of a polyalcoholized mannoglucan from Microellobosporia grisea.

The endogenous production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by tumor tissues was examined. MH134 tumor cells as well as monocytes in MH134 tumor tissues produced TNF after systemic administration of a polyalcoholized mannoglucan (MGA) from Microellobrosporia grisea as shown by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. MH134 tumor cells also produced TNF when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide in vitro. These results suggest that regression of MH134 hepatoma can be ascribed to TNF produced not only by monocytes but also by tumor cells themselves in the tumor tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Mechanism of the damaging effect of dermatomyositis mononuclear cells on cultured human skin fibroblasts.

We further studied the mechanism of action of peripheral mononuclear cells (MNC) from patients with dermatomyositis (DM) to strikingly suppress fibroblast proliferation in vitro. Attachment of MNC to fibroblasts was closely related to the mechanism. Most of attached MNC were activated T lymphocytes. Conditioned medium alone did not show any effects on fibroblasts. T8 positive cells and monocytes were essential to elicit the effect. Study of 51Cr release demonstrated that DM MNC augmented cytolysis of fibroblasts. It might be concluded that DM MNC possess T lymphocyte mediated cytotoxicity on fibroblasts and this causes the inhibition of fibroblast proliferation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Secretion of tumor necrosis factor during fetal and neonatal development of the mouse: ontogenic inflammation.

Inflammation plays an important role in homeostasis of the body. We therefore can assume that an inflammatory state occurs during ontogenesis of animals. To address this problem, we examined the ability of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), one of the inflammatory mediators, to be secreted by mouse cells during development. We cultured cells prepared from various parts of fetuses (10-19 days of gestation) and postnatal brains by collagenase digestion and assayed the secreted TNF activity by the L-929 cytotoxicity test. We found TNF activity by fetal cells without any stimulation. The spontaneous secretion of TNF was relatively high at around 13-15 days of gestation. The secretion was enhanced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), showing that fetal cells are in an activated state for TNF secretion. These TNF activities were neutralized completely by rabbit anti-murine TNF antibody. Spontaneous and LPS-enhanced secretion by postnatal brain cells reached a peak around 7 days after birth, and thereafter declined rapidly. This time course was well correlated to the increase in the weight of brain. The producing cells were negative in macrophage marker surface antigen, and heterogeneous in relation to adherence and phagocytic activity, showing that TNF is secreted by various types of cells in the fetal body. These results suggest the presence of an inflammation-like state during ontogenesis. We consider that this "ontogenic inflammation" may be the prototype of inflammation, which can regulate homeostasis of the adult body.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Fluorescent antibodies in polymyositis using cultured human skin fibroblasts: granular perinuclear cytoplasmic staining pattern by sera from patients with polymyositis and pulmonary fibrosis.

Immunofluorescent antibodies were studied in sera from 48 patients with polymyositis (PM) and 149 control subjects using cultured human skin fibroblasts as substrate. Forty-six (95.8%) of PM sera showed a positive reaction. Among them, a characteristic granular perinuclear cytoplasmic staining was seen in 8 sera, including 4 with anti-Jo-1. Four of these 8 sera showed positive staining on HEp-2 cells with the same pattern. All patients showing this pattern of staining had pulmonary fibrosis which was not seen in control patients. Consequently, this staining pattern might be a specific marker for a subset of patients with PM with pulmonary fibrosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Evaluation of intercellular communication of human prostatic epithelium].

Intercellular communication (IC) among epithelial and/or interstitial cells of human prostate was evaluated. IC was measured by the dye transfer method. In brief, fluorescent lucifer yellow CH was microinjected into an individual cell and communication was measured by scoring the number of surrounding fluorescent cells. Cells used here were outgrowth cells from small tips of tissues of various prostatic diseases and established prostatic carcinoma cell line PC-3. To identify the epithelial cells, keratin staining was done. In prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia, epithelial cells grew in five of six cases cultured and extent of maximum IC was from 18 to 46 cells (mean = 26 cells) at 4 to 6 culture days. Three specimens of separate cases cultured for more than one month had a maximum IC of more than 100 cells. In prostatic carcinoma, epithelial cells grew in 7 of 10 cases cultured and extent of maximum IC was from 6 to 38 cells (mean = 18 cells) at 3 to 6 days. The extent of IC among prostatic carcinoma cells was lower than that of benign prostatic diseases, though not significantly, this indicates the possibility that benign cells were present among the malignant cells in the specimens examined above. Prostatic carcinoma cells cultured from metastatic lesions of bone (PC-3) and lymph nodes had maximum IC of 3 to 5 cells. IC was very limited or absent between benign prostatic epithelium and PC-3 cells. No IC was present between prostatic epithelial and interstitial cells. Interstitial cells prepared from prostatic benign and malignant diseases similarly revealed a high extent of IC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cell Communication↗
PubMed1989

[Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillation therapy of recurrent superficial bladder carcinomas resistant to intravesical anti-cancer chemotherapy].

Tokyo strain bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) was instilled in a dose of 80 mg in 40 ml normal saline to the bladder of 8 patients with recurrent superficial bladder carcinoma (Ta, Tl, Tis) resistant to mitomycin C and/or adriamycin intravesical instillation chemotherapy. Instillation was performed weekly for 6 weeks and 3 to 4 weeks after the last instillation, the response was assessed by cystoscopy and urine cytology. Patients who achieved complete response underwent monthly maintenance instillation for a year and inspection with cystoscopy and urine cytology every 3 months. Of the 7 patients who underwent therapeutic instillation, 3 (43%) achieved complete response, and 2 partial response. Two patients with no response had carcinoma in situ of grade 3 anaplasia. Two of the 3 complete responders were free of disease for 11 and 12 months, but another 1 developed intravesical recurrence 13 months later. One patient underwent prophylactic instillation and remained free of disease for 23 months. Side effects included frequency, urgency and pain on urination which were tolerable with anti-analgesics. Two patients underwent total cystectomy because of tumor progression and had typical lesions of prostatic tuberculosis.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1989

[Combination chemotherapy with ifosfamide, 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin for stage D2 prostatic cancer].

Twelve patients with stage D2 adenocarcinoma of the prostate were treated with the combination chemotherapy of ifosfamide (2 g/body, i.v., day 1-3), 5-fluorouracil (250 mg/body, i.v., day 1-5) and cisplatin (20-30 mg/body, i.v., day 1-5). The averaged age was 62 years (from 52 to 73 years) with mean performance status of 70% (from 40 to 90%). Six patients were refractory to prior hormone therapy or chemotherapy and the other six had received no prior treatment for prostatic cancer. Based on criteria of National Prostatic Cancer Project, 4 patients achieved partial response (PR) which was maintained from 11 to 23 months with the mean of 17.8 months. Two patients achieved objectively stable stage (NC). Response rate (PR + NC) was 50%. Response rate of patients without prior therapy was 80%, whereas that of hormone-resistant group was 30%. There was a trend toward unfavorable response in patients with prior therapy. Adverse effects were mild to moderate gastric problems and myelosuppression except in one case Adverse effects were mild to moderate gastric problems and myelosuppression except in one case with low performance status under 60%. IFP combination chemotherapy achieved favorable responses and toxicities were tolerable. Therefore, it appears worth while to study whether IFP combination chemotherapy could extend the life of patients with advanced prostatic cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗