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Biomedical subjects

H Ono

Publications and source records attributed to H Ono.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Metastatic tumors to the stomach: analysis of 54 patients diagnosed at endoscopy and 347 autopsy cases.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: There have been several published reports on metastatic lesions in the stomach, but the numbers of cases have been limited due to the low frequency of the condition. The present study examined the clinicopathological features of metastatic tumors in the stomach from distant sites in a large series of cases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 389 patients with gastric metastases from solid malignant tumors were examined between 1968 and 1998 at our institution. Of these, 347 were identified from a series of 6380 autopsy cases; 54 patients were diagnosed endoscopically while alive, 12 of whom had confirmation of the condition at autopsy. RESULTS: In the endoscopically diagnosed cases, the metastases presented as solitary (65%) or multiple lesions (35 %), and were more frequently located in the middle or upper third of the stomach. Although the endoscopic appearance often resembled that of submucosal tumor (51%) or primary gastric cancer (39%), the final diagnosis was easily obtained in over 90% of cases from endoscopic biopsies. In two cases of lung cancer and breast cancer, gastric metastases were found before the primary tumors. In the autopsy cases with solid malignancies, metastatic lesions to the stomach were found in 5.4%, and the lung, breast, and esophagus were common primary sites. Malignant melanoma was the most frequent tumor to metastasize to the stomach (29.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Since metastatic lesions to the stomach are rare, the above characteristics of the lesions should be borne in mind, and biopsies should be taken for precise diagnosis during endoscopic examinations.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Sodium thiosulfate solution spray for relief of irritation caused by Lugol's stain in chromoendoscopy.

BACKGROUND: Mucosal iodine staining is known to improve the endoscopic visualization of esophageal squamous dysplasia and cancer. However, it often causes mucosal irritation leading to retrosternal discomfort. The clinical usefulness of sodium thiosulfate solution (STS) for easing symptoms induced by mucosal staining with Lugol's solution was evaluated in this study. METHODS: One hundred twenty healthy men over 50 years of age were enrolled in the study. They each underwent esophagogastroscopy including the spraying of Lugol's iodine solution (10 mL) on the mid and distal esophagus and were subsequently randomized into three groups: (I) no treatment (n = 40), (II) spraying of 20 mL of aluminum-magnesium hydroxide gel (Maalox) by means of endoscopic catheter (n = 40), and (III) spraying of 20 mL of 5% sodium thiosulfate solution by means of endoscopic catheter (n = 40). An hour after the endoscopic examination the subjects were asked to complete a questionnaire that addressed adverse symptoms induced by Lugol's iodine staining. RESULTS: Sodium thiosulfate solution spray substantially reduced adverse symptoms that lasted more than 30 minutes after chromoendoscopy, compared with the no-treatment group. There was no significant difference in the proportion of subjects with symptoms between the Maalox and no-treatment groups. Cost of sodium thiosulfate solution spray per use was $0.15 (15 yen). CONCLUSIONS: Sodium thiosulfate solution is recommended for routine use after Lugol's staining.

Coloring Agents↗
PubMed2001

The backward inclination of a surface defined by empirical corresponding points.

Three experiments were conducted to investigate whether a locus of binocular correspondence extends eccentrically from the vertical horopter. In experiment 1, we investigated whether the backward inclination of the vertical horopter was manifested in the angle at which readers prefer to orient the page. All observers preferred a page inclined backwards to any other orientation. This backward inclination was less than predicted from previous psychophysical reports, however. In experiment 2, we investigated the extent of binocular correspondence, defined by minimal apparent interocular horizontal motion, in the central 24 deg of the binocular field. Our data define a planar surface inclined top-away from the observer as a locus from which psychophysical corresponding points are stimulated. In experiment 3, we measured vertical adjustments required to eliminate apparent vertical motion. Together, the pattern of results from experiments 2 and 3 is most consistent with a planar surface, inclined top-away from the observer. This is consistent with Helmholtz's account of the backward inclination of the vertical horopter and expands the locus of zero horizontal disparity from a single line in the median plane to eccentric loci extending at least +/- 12 deg in the central binocular field.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

Neurological features in Gaucher's disease during enzyme replacement therapy.

UNLABELLED: This report describes two patients with Gaucher's disease who had unusual clinical symptoms during enzyme replacement therapy. One patient was a female with type 3 Gaucher's disease. She developed a pericardial effusion at 7 y of age, which contained many Gaucher cells despite enzyme replacement therapy. She died from neurological deterioration during enzyme replacement therapy, despite an improvement in her visceral manifestations. The other patient is a male with type 2 Gaucher's disease, who has achieved long-term survival after being supported by mechanical ventilation and enzyme replacement therapy. While on enzyme replacement therapy at the age of 4 y, he suffered a generalized cutaneous disease which was clinically diagnosed as ichthyosis. CONCLUSION: These cases suggest that ordinary enzyme replacement therapy is insufficient for some of the non-neurological manifestations of severe types of Gaucher's disease.

Atrophy↗
PubMed2001

Lysophosphatidylcholine enhances carotenoid uptake from mixed micelles by Caco-2 human intestinal cells.

Despite the interest in the beneficial roles of dietary carotenoids in human health, little is known about their solubilization from foods to mixed bile micelles during digestion and the intestinal uptake from the micelles. We investigated the absorption of carotenoids solubilized in mixed micelles by differentiated Caco-2 human intestinal cells, which is a useful model for studying the absorption of dietary compounds by intestinal cells. The micelles were composed of 1 micromol/L carotenoids, 2 mmol/L sodium taurocholate, 100 micromol/L monoacylglycerol, 33.3 micromol/L fatty acid and phospholipid (0-200 micromol/L). The phospholipid content of micelles had profound effects on the cellular uptake of carotenoids. Uptake of micellar beta-carotene and lutein was greatly suppressed by phosphatidylcholine (PC) in a dose-dependent manner, whereas lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), the lipolysis product of PC by phospholipase A2 (PLA2), markedly enhanced both beta-carotene and lutein uptake. The addition of PLA2 from porcine pancreas to the medium also enhanced the uptake of carotenoids from micelles containing PC. Caco-2 cells could take up 15 dietary carotenoids, including epoxy carotenoids, such as violaxanthin, neoxanthin and fucoxanthin, from micellar carotenoids, and the uptakes showed a linear correlation with their lipophilicity, defined as the distribution coefficient in 1-octanol/water (log P(ow)). These results suggest that pancreatic PLA2 and lysoPC are important in regulating the absorption of carotenoids in the digestive tract and support a simple diffusion mechanism for carotenoid absorption by the intestinal epithelium.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed2001

Detection of t(I 1; 18) in MALT-type lymphoma with dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis.

t(11:8) is a recurrent chromosomal abnormality observed in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)-type lymphoma. API2 and MLT genes have been implicated. The authors devised a dual-color interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) system to detect splitting of 11q22 and its fusion with 18q21. Subjects were 44 cases of extranodal lymphoma and cases of primary macroglobulinemia. Whenever RNA was available, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction followed by sequence analysis was performed. Positive cases by dual-color FISH analysis were restricted to MALT-type lymphoma and one case of primary macroglobulinemia. Among 24 cases of MALT-type lymphoma, 14 (58%) (4 gastric, 5 pulmonary, 3 orbital, 1 salivary, and 1 thyroid lymphomas) had splitting of the 11q22 region probes and fusion of signals suggesting the translocation of chromosome 11 and 18. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed the API2/MLT gene fusion in 9 of 10 cases. Sequence analyses showed three different modes of involvement of the MLT gene, whereas the breakpoint at API2 was the same. Monoclonal component of serum immunoglobulin M was observed in 3 of 14 positive cases for the translocation. Direct visualization using dual-color FISH on samples serves as a molecular tool for management of MALT-type lymphoma with API2/MLT gene fusion.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Molecular characterization of Lactobacillus plantarum genes for beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III (fabH) and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (accBCDA), which are essential for fatty acid biosynthesis.

Genes for subunits of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC), which is the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the synthesis of fatty acids in Lactobacillus plantarum L137, were cloned and characterized. We identified six potential open reading frames, namely, manB, fabH, accB, accC, accD, and accA, in that order. Nucleotide sequence analysis suggested that fabH encoded beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III, that the accB, accC, accD, and accA genes encoded biotin carboxyl carrier protein, biotin carboxylase, and the beta and alpha subunits of carboxyltransferase, respectively, and that these genes were clustered. The organization of acc genes was different from that reported for Escherichia coli, for Bacillus subtilis, and for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. E. coli accB and accD mutations were complemented by the L. plantarum accB and accD genes, respectively. The predicted products of all five genes were confirmed by using the T7 expression system in E. coli. The gene product of accB was biotinylated in E. coli. Northern and primer extension analyses demonstrated that the five genes in L. plantarum were regulated polycistronically in an acc operon.

3-Oxoacyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Synthase↗
PubMed2001

Characterization of acetic acid bacteria in traditional acetic acid fermentation of rice vinegar (komesu) and unpolished rice vinegar (kurosu) produced in Japan.

Bacterial strains were isolated from samples of Japanese rice vinegar (komesu) and unpolished rice vinegar (kurosu) fermented by the traditional static method. Fermentations have never been inoculated with a pure culture since they were started in 1907. A total of 178 isolates were divided into groups A and B on the basis of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR and random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting analyses. The 16S ribosomal DNA sequences of strains belonging to each group showed similarities of more than 99% with Acetobacter pasteurianus. Group A strains overwhelmingly dominated all stages of fermentation of both types of vinegar. Our results indicate that appropriate strains of acetic acid bacteria have spontaneously established almost pure cultures during nearly a century of komesu and kurosu fermentation.

Acetic Acid↗
PubMed2001

Endoscopic mucosal resection for treatment of early gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND: In Japan, endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is accepted as a treatment option for cases of early gastric cancer (EGC) where the probability of lymph node metastasis is low. The results of EMR for EGC at the National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, over a 11 year period are presented. METHODS: EMR was applied to patients with early cancers up to 30 mm in diameter that were of a well or moderately histologically differentiated type, and were superficially elevated and/or depressed (types I, IIa, and IIc) but without ulceration or definite signs of submucosal invasion. The resected specimens were carefully examined by serial sections at 2 mm intervals, and if histopathology revealed submucosal invasion and/or vessel involvement or if the resection margin was not clear, surgery was recommended. RESULTS: Four hundred and seventy nine cancers in 445 patients were treated by EMR from 1987 to 1998 but submucosal invasion was found on subsequent pathological examination in 74 tumours. Sixty nine percent of intramucosal cancers (278/405) were resected with a clear margin. Of 127 cancers without "complete resection", 14 underwent an additional operation and nine were treated endoscopically; the remainder had intensive follow up. Local recurrence in the stomach occurred in 17 lesions followed conservatively, in one lesion treated endoscopically, and in five lesions with complete resection. All tumours were diagnosed by follow up endoscopy and subsequently treated by surgery. There were no gastric cancer related deaths during a median follow up period of 38 months (3-120 months). Bleeding and perforation (5%) were two major complications of EMR but there were no treatment related deaths. CONCLUSION: In our experience, EMR allows us to perform less invasive treatment without sacrificing the possibility of cure.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonism and ACE inhibition produce similar renoprotection in N(omega)-nitro-L>-arginine methyl ester/spontaneously hypertensive rats.

This study was conducted to determine potentially differential effects between an angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor antagonist and an ACE inhibitor on systemic, renal, and glomerular hemodynamics and pathological changes in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with N(omega)-nitro-L>-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-exacerbated nephrosclerosis. The hemodynamic, renal micropuncture, and pathological studies were performed in 9 groups of 17-week-old male SHR treated as follows: group 1, controls (n=16); group 2, candesartan (10 mg/kg per day for 3 weeks) (n=7); group 3, enalapril (30 mg/kg per day for 3 weeks) (n=8); group 4, candesartan (5 mg/kg per day) plus enalapril (15 mg/kg per day for 3 weeks) (n=9); group 5, L-NAME (50 mg/L in drinking water for 3 weeks) (n=17); group 6, L-NAME (50 mg/L) plus candesartan (10 mg/kg per day for 3 weeks) (n=7); group 7, L-NAME (50 mg/L) for 3 weeks followed by candesartan (10 mg/kg per day) for another 3 weeks (n=8); group 8, L-NAME (50 mg/L) plus enalapril (30 mg/kg per day for 3 weeks) (n=7); and group 9, L-NAME (50 mg/L) plus enalapril (30 mg/kg per day) and the bradykinin antagonist icatibant (500 microg/kg SC per day via osmotic minipump for 3 weeks) (n=7). Both candesartan and enalapril similarly reduced mean arterial pressure and total peripheral resistance index. These changes were associated with significant decreases in afferent and efferent glomerular arteriolar resistances as well as glomerular capillary pressure. Histopathologically, the glomerular and arterial injury scores were decreased significantly, and left ventricular and aortic masses also were diminished significantly in all treated groups. L-NAME-induced urinary protein excretion was prevented by both candesartan and enalapril. Thus, both AT(1) receptor and ACE inhibition prevented and reversed the pathophysiological alterations of L-NAME-exacerbated nephrosclerosis in SHR. Itatibant only blunted the antihypertensive effects of enalapril but did not attenuate the beneficial effects of ACE inhibition on the L-NAME-induced nephrosclerosis. Thus, the AT(1) receptor antagonism and ACE inhibition have similar renal preventive effects, which most likely were achieved through reduction in the effects of angiotensin II, and ACE inhibition of bradykinin degradation demonstrated little evidence of renoprotection.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed2001

Microsatellite DNA polymorphism of human adrenomedullin gene in normotensive subjects and patients with essential hypertension.

Adrenomedullin (AM) is a hypotensive peptide widely produced in the cardiovascular organs and tissues. We have cloned and sequenced the genomic DNA encoding the human AM gene and have determined that the gene is located in the short arm of chromosome 11. The 3'-end of the gene is flanked by the microsatellite marker of cytosine adenine (CA) repeats. In this study, we investigated the association between DNA variations in AM gene and the predisposition to hypertension. Genomic DNA was obtained from 272 healthy normotensive subjects (NT) age 57+/-5 years and 266 patients with essential hypertension (EH) age 53+/-11 years. The DNA was subject to PCR using a fluorescence-labeled primer, and the number of CA repeats were determined by poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The averaged blood pressure was 117+/-13/73+/-9 mm Hg in NT and 170+/-23/104+/-12 mm Hg in EH. In Japanese, there existed 4 types of alleles with different CA-repeat numbers: 11, 13, 14, and 19. The frequencies of these alleles were significantly different between NT and EH (chi(2)=9.43, P=0.024). Namely, 13.5% of EH carried the 19-repeat allele, whereas the frequency was 6.2% in NT (chi(2)=7.62, P=0.007). In NT, plasma AM concentrations were not significantly different between the genotypes. In conclusion, microsatellite DNA polymorphism of AM gene may be associated with the genetic predisposition to EH, although the gene expression is not likely to be affected by the genotypes.

Adrenomedullin↗
PubMed2001

Spontaneous echo contrast in descending aorta correlates with low blood-flow velocity in carotid arteries and hemostatic abnormalities.

Spontaneous echo contrast in the descending aorta (DA-SEC) was examined as a possible risk factor for cerebral thromboembolism. In 19 patients (10 males, 9 females) in the chronic stage of cerebral infarction, abnormal findings by transesophageal echocardiography, flow dynamics of the common carotid artery (CCA), and hemostatic factors including blood coagulation and fibrinolysis were investigated. In nine patients, DA-SEC was detected, and SEC in left atrium (LA-SEC) was detected in nine patients. The DA-SEC positive group showed decreased blood-flow velocity (BFV) in bilateral CCA, high levels of thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) and prothrombin fragment 1.2 (F1+2), a decrease in platelet count and a slight increase in D-dimer, which means an activated state of thrombin generation and resulting fibrinolysis, compared to the DA-SEC negative group. On the other hand, the LA-SEC positive group showed normal BFV in CCA and only a slight increase in D-dimer. We conclude that the condition producing DA-SEC is a stronger risk factor for cerebral infarction than that producing LA-SEC.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Regulation of phosphoinositide metabolism, Akt phosphorylation, and glucose transport by PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

To investigate the roles of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) in the regulation of 3-position phosphorylated phosphoinositide metabolism as well as insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation and glucose metabolism, wild-type PTEN and its phosphatase-dead mutant (C124S) with or without an N-terminal myristoylation tag were overexpressed in Sf-9 cells and 3T3-L1 adipocytes using baculovirus and adenovirus systems, respectively. When expressed in Sf-9 cells together with the p110alpha catalytic subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, myristoylated PTEN markedly reduced the accumulations of both phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate induced by p110alpha. In contrast, overexpression of the C124S mutants apparently increased these accumulations. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, insulin-induced accumulations of phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate were markedly suppressed by overexpression of wild-type PTEN with the N-terminal myristoylation tag, but not by that without the tag. On the contrary, the C124S mutants of PTEN enhanced insulin-induced accumulations of phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. Interestingly, the phosphorylation level of Akt at Thr308 (Akt2 at Thr309), but not at Ser473 (Akt2 at Ser474), was revealed to correlate well with the accumulation of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate modified by overexpression of these PTEN proteins. Finally, insulin-induced increases in glucose transport activity were significantly inhibited by the overexpression of myristoylated wild-type PTEN, but were not enhanced by expression of the C124S mutant of PTEN. Therefore, in conclusion, 1) PTEN dephosphorylates both phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate in vivo, and the C124S mutants interrupt endogenous PTEN activity in a dominant-negative manner. 2) The membrane targeting process of PTEN may be important for exerting its function. 3) Phosphorylations of Thr309 and Ser474 of Akt2 are regulated differently, and the former is regulated very sensitively by the function of PTEN. 4) The phosphorylation level of Ser474, but not that of Thr309, in Akt2 correlates well with insulin-stimulated glucose transport activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. 5) The activity of endogenous PTEN may not play a major role in the regulation of glucose transport activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed2001

Antihypertensive effects of chicken extract against deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-induced hypertension in rats.

We investigated the antihypertensive effect of Brand's Essence of Chicken (BEC), a popular chicken extract used as a traditional remedy, using deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats. Animals were unilaterally nephrectomized, and then separated into a sham-operated group (sham group) and a DOCA-salt-treated group. The latter was further separated into a normal diet group and a BEC (freeze-dried powder, 0.1 w/w%)-containing diet group. Systolic blood pressure of the normal diet group progressively increased in comparison with that of the sham group. The DOCA-salt-induced hypertension was markedly suppressed by feeding a BEC-containing diet. Systolic blood pressure after 5 weeks was 128+/-2 mmHg in sham group, 181+/-4 mmHg in the DOCA-salt-treated normal diet group and 139+/-5 mmHg in the DOCA-salt-treated BEC diet group, respectively. The treatment with DOCA and salt for 5 weeks significantly increased the weights of heart and left ventricle, but these increases were significantly suppressed in the BEC group. When the degree of vascular hypertrophy of the aorta was histochemically evaluated, DOCA-salt-induced increases in wall thickness and wall area of the vessels were significantly decreased by the BEC-feeding. Histopathological renal damage of fibrinoid-like necrosis in glomeruli, thickening of small arteries and tubular dilatation were observed in the DOCA-salt-treated normal diet group, but this damage was efficiently reduced by the BEC-feeding. In addition, BEC-feeding decreased urinary excretion of protein, which was elevated by the treatment with DOCA and salt. Thus, BEC seems to be useful as a prophylactic treatment in the development of hypertension and related tissue injuries.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Method for recording spinal reflexes in mice: effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone, DOI, tolperisone and baclofen on monosynaptic spinal reflex potentials.

Mice were used to record the spinal reflex potentials and to examine the effects of some drugs upon them. In anesthetized mice, laminectomy was performed in the lumbo-sacral region, and monosynaptic reflex potential (MSR) and polysynaptic reflex potential were recorded from the L5 ventral root after stimulation of the L5 dorsal root. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and 1-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane hydrochloride (DOI) produced transient and long-lasting increases in the MSR amplitude, respectively. Tolperisone hydrochloride and baclofen produced transient and long-lasting MSR depressions, respectively. These results show that mice can be used to record spinal reflex potentials, and that it may be possible to study the spinal cord function of mutant and knockout mice using this method.

Amphetamines↗
PubMed2001

Spinorphin, an endogenous inhibitor of enkephalin-degrading enzymes, potentiates leu-enkephalin-induced anti-allodynic and antinociceptive effects in mice.

Spinorphin (LVVYPWT) has been isolated from the bovine spinal cord as an endogenous inhibitor of enkephalin-degrading enzymes. It has been reported that spinorphin has an antinociceptive effect, inhibitory effect on contraction of smooth muscle and anti-inflammatory effect. In the present study, the effects of leu-enkephalin and spinorphin on allodynia and mechanical and thermal nociceptions were examined in vivo using mice. Intrathecal (i.t.) administration of leu-enkephalin or spinorphin inhibited the allodynia induced by intrathecal nociceptin in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, spinorphin enhanced the inhibitory effect of enkephalin on allodynia induced by nociceptin. Naloxone antagonized both inhibitory effects of leu-enkephalin and spinorphin, suggesting that the endogenous opioidergic system can modulate allodynia. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of leu-enkephalin increased the nociceptive threshold of heat or mechanical stimulation to a mouse. Although i.c.v. administration of spinorphin had no effect on the threshold of heat or mechanical stimulation, spinorphin enhanced and prolonged the antinociceptive effect of leu-enkephalin. The enhancement of spinorphin on the antinociception produced by leu-enkephalin was reversed by pretreatment with naloxone. From these results, it is suggested that the effects of spinorphin on enkephalin-induced anti-allodynic and antinociceptive effects are due to inhibition of enkephalin-degrading enzymes.

Analgesics↗
PubMed2001

Oxidation of bisphenol A and related compounds.

Bisphenol A was oxidized to monoquinone and bisquinone derivatives by Fremy's salt, a radical oxidant, though salcomine and alkali did not catalyze the oxidation by molecular oxygen. Bisphenol A, bisphenol B, and 3,4'-(1-methylethylidene)bisphenol were converted to their monoquinone derivatives in the presence of tyrosinase at 25 degrees C at pH 6.5, but not to the bisquinone derivatives under these conditions.

Benzhydryl Compounds↗