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Biomedical subjects

H Ono

Publications and source records attributed to H Ono.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Apparent movement, eye movements and phoria when two eyes alternate in viewing a stimulus.

Three experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that the apparent movement of a stimulus when the two eyes are alternately occluded can be explained by phoria and Hering's principles of visual direction. In experiments 1 and 2, the direction of apparent movement, eye position, and eye movements were measured when eye movements did and did not occur. In experiment 3, the magnitude of apparent movement and the extent of phoria were comapred. Results from the experiments 1 and 2 indicated that the direction of apparent movement could be predicted from the direction of phoria, in conjunction with Hering's principles, and was not contingent on eye movements. In experiment 3, a high positive correlation (r = 0.95) between the magnitude of apparent movement and the extent of phoria was obtained.

Eye Movements↗
PubMed1978

SCE-963, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin: in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities.

SCE-963 {7beta-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]-3-[({1-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)- 1H-tetrazol-5-yl}thio)methyl]-ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acid}, a new semisynthetic cephalosporin, showed excellent antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including Haemophilus influenzae, indole-positive Proteus, Enterobacter species, and Citrobacter freundii. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of SCE-963 against most strains of clinically isolated Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and Proteus mirabilis were within the range of 0.2 to 0.78 mug/ml. These activities were about 10 times more potent than those of cefazolin, cephaloridine, and cephalothin. Variations in pH, addition of horse serum, and type of growth medium had no significant effect on the activity of the cephalosporin, but the inoculum size elicited a considerable effect on the activity of beta-lactamase-producing strains of bacteria. SCE-963 exerted bactericidal and bacteriolytic effects on Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli. The pronounced in vitro activity was reflected in the remarkable protection in mice infected with a wide range of gram-negative bacteria, such as E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus morganii, and Proteus rettgeri. The protective effects of SCE-963 in mice infected with E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. vulgaris varied according to the challenge dose. The activity of SCE-963 was far more potent when the drug was administered parenterally rather than orally.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Effects of beta-(p-chlorophenyl)-GABA (baclofen) on spinal synaptic activity.

In the isolated perfused spinal cord of the bullfrog, baclofen caused a reduction in the rate of spontaneous discharges in the ventral root at lower concentrations than GABA. The inhibitory effect of baclofen was fully present in a chloride-free medium, whereas that of GABA was markedly reduced. In contrast to GABA, which depolarized the dorsal root, baclofen produced a hyperpolarization in the dorsal root. Moreover, baclofen produced a hyperpolarization in the ventral roots. In the rat, the development of spinal reflex inhibition by baclofen was slow and the effect was long-lasting. Baclofen decreased dorsal root reflexes, suggesting a decreased excitability of presynaptic fibres. Baclofen produced a more pronounced and faster inhibitory effect on monosynaptic reflexes than on polysynaptic reflexes. In the monoamine depleted rat, the effect of baclofen on both types of reflexes was markedly reduced. It appears that catecholamines are involved in the effects produced by baclofen.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1977

Studies of the growth and infiltration of experimental tumor of the pancreas in rabbits.

An experimentally transplanted pancreatic cancer was induced by means of an intraductal injection of Vx2 carcinoma supernatant into the pancreatic duct of rabbits. The presence of ductal obstruction appeared to assist the nidation and growth of injected cancer cells in the pancreas. Tumors induced in the head of the pancreas grew by extension to the body and tail where they also produced interspersed, nodular tumor masses. Tumors induced in the body and tail region, on the other hand, grew by direct expansion towards the head, but this did not produce the interspersed nodular tumors in the head portion. These observations indicate that cancer of the head of the pancreas associated with the stenosis or obstruction of the pancreatic duct resulted in ductal dissemination and extensive lymphatic infiltration in the body and tail, a wider cancer invasion than recognizable at the gross cancer border. This extension was noncontinuous and interspersed, so that radical curative surgery for such cancer of the head of the pancreas would indicate total pancreatectomy.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Pharmacological study on 5-(o-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-7-nitro-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one (ID-690), with special reference to the effects on motor systems].

Effects of ID-690 on motor systems were compared with those of clonazepam, diazepam and nitrazepam. ID-690 exerted muscle relaxant action in the rotarod method using rats and mice; this action was almost equal in potency to clonazepam and nitrazepam and more potent than diazepam. Pretreatment with ID-690, clonazepam and nitrazepam increased the sleeping time of mice under thiopental anesthesia to the same degree, whereas diazepam produced a lesser effect. ID-690 was almost equal in potency to diazepam and nitrazepam in protecting against oxotremorine-induced tremor in mice, and approximately 10 times as potent as clonazepam. The anticonvulsant action of ID-690 was similar to that of clonazepam. These benzodiazepines effectively augmented the dorsal root reflexes, while showing no effects on the ventral root reflexes. Rigidity in rats due to anemic decerebration was not affected after intraduodenal administration of these drugs, while phasic augmentation of the rigidity by mechanical stimulation of the hind limb was clearly depressed. These drugs had no effects on the neuromuscular junction. From these results, it is concluded that ID-690 has a wider pharmacological spectrum than clonazepam, is almost equal in potency to nitrazepam and is more potent than diazepam.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Chronotropic effects of coronary vasodilators as assessed in the isolated, blood-perfused sino-atrial node preparation of the dog.

Chronotropic effects of 6 coronary vasodilators, carbochromen, dilazep, diltiazem, dipyridamole, nifedipine and verapamil, were compared by close-arterial administration to the isolated, blood-perfused sino-atrial node preparation of the dog. All drugs produced a dose-related decrease in sinus rate, and the order of negative chronotropic potency determined on a weight basis was as follows: (formula: see text). Higher doses of these drugs except dipyridamole caused atrial standstill. The order of potency causing atrial standstill determined on a weight basis was as follows: (formula: see text). Dipyridamole in lower doses produced a negative chronotropic effect alone, but with higher doses a positive chronotropic effect preceded a negative one. Carbochromen in a wide range of doses produced a triphasic response consisting of initial brief positive, succeeding main negative and final gradually-developing slight positive components.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Bacteriological evaluation of clindamycin-2-phosphate (author's transl)].

Clindamycin-2-phosphate, a newly developed injectable antibiotic, was bacteriologically evaluated in comparison with the parent compound, clindamycin. Clindamycin-2-phosphate has a rather weak antibacterial activity. However, it is metabolized into clindamycin in vivo. And this parent compound shows strong activity against both gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative cocci. In vitro studies demonstrated that clindamycin-2-phosphate and clindamycin are affected by the pH of the medium used--the antibacterial activity becomes stronger as the medium is made more alkaline--while they are little affected by the size of the inoculum. In mice with experimental infections, clindamycin-2-phosphate showed about the same therapeutical effect as clindamycin in contrast with the former's inferior in vitro activity as compared with the latter.

Animals↗