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Biomedical subjects

H Ono

Publications and source records attributed to H Ono.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Aneurysms of the digital artery: a review and report of three cases.

Aneurysms of the digital artery are rare. Since 1980, we have treated three traumatic aneurysms of the digital artery. There were two lesions of the common palmar digital artery and one of the ulnar pollicis artery. One case was caused by a traumatic laceration with a kitchen knife, and two cases were caused by repetitive microtrauma. On histologic examination, there were two true aneurysms and one false aneurysm. Two cases were treated by excision only, and one case was treated by excision and reanastomosis. The operating microscope was useful during neurolysis, excision of the aneurysm, and vascular anastomosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Active oxygen species in formation of acute gastric mucosal lesions induced by thermal injury in rats.

Active oxygen species generated by circulating leukocytes and released from the gastric mucosa were measured in the process of acute gastric mucosal lesion formation after thermal injury in rats. Alterations of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence activities generated by leukocytes obtained from the gastric vein and the inferior vena cava were approximately same. A decrease in chemiluminescence activity 15 min after thermal injury and a significant increase in chemiluminescence activity 5 hr after thermal injury were observed in leukocytes from both veins. From 15 min to 12 hr after thermal injury, luciferin-dependent chemiluminescence activities were significantly higher than that of the control group. Oral administration of rebamipide resulted in decreased mucosal lesion formation. Rebamipide, an antiulcer agent that protects the mucosa from damage in various animal models decreased chemiluminescence activities only released from the gastric mucosa but not from circulating leukocytes. These results suggest that two different pathways of active oxygen species formation may exist in the pathogenesis of acute gastric mucosal lesions after thermal injury.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Pharmacology of descending noradrenergic systems in relation to motor function.

The function of descending noradrenergic systems in the spinal ventral horn has not been fully elucidated. We have reviewed our own findings and those of others relating to motor function of these noradrenergic systems. We studied the effects of adrenergic drugs on spinal reflexes, decerebrate rigidity, and noradrenaline release from the spinal cord in rats, and motoneuron activity in spinal cord slices isolated from adult rats. It was shown that the descending noradrenergic systems were facilitatory to the motor system, and that alpha 1-antagonistic action at the spinal cord and alpha 2-agonistic action at the brainstem inhibited spinal motor activity by blocking spinal alpha 1-receptors and by reducing the release of noradrenaline in the spinal cord, respectively.

Adrenergic Fibers↗
PubMed1995

A restatement and modification of Wells-Hering's laws of visual direction.

The laws of visual direction proposed by Wells some 200 years ago and Hering over 100 years ago are restated as three laws with the terminology of these two pioneers. This restatement serves both to honour their work and to strengthen some of the weaknesses in their original treatises. Second, two simple experiments, or tests of the laws, which the readers can readily perform by using their fingers as stimuli, are illustrated. Third, one of the three laws is modified to incorporate recent findings. Fourth, two recent experiments relevant to these new laws are described briefly, and their theoretical and methodological implications are discussed.

History, 18th Century↗
PubMed1995

Helicobacter pylori infection, serum pepsinogen level and gastric cancer: a case-control study in Japan.

We conducted a case-control study to evaluate the effect of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection on the risk of gastric cancer in Tokyo, Japan. The sera at the time of diagnosis from 282 gastric cancer cases and 767 sex- and age-matched cancer-free controls were tested for the presence of anti-HP IgG antibody (HM-CAP ELISA kit) and serum pepsinogen (PG) level (PG I and PG II Riabead). No significant association was observed in all sets [matched odds ratio (OR) = 1.04, 95% confidence interval: 0.73-1.49]. In subgroup analyses, however, an association was suggested in females [OR = 1.57], a younger population (< 50 years) [OR = 1.86], early cancer [OR = 1.53] and small cancer (< 40 mm) [OR = 1.55]. Furthermore, we observed a tendency for odds ratios to decrease with an increase in age or cancer growth (depth of tumor invasion and tumor size). Considering that the spontaneous disappearance of HP due to extended mucosal atrophy may lead to these decreasing odds ratios, we applied the conditional logistic model adjusted for the PG I/II ratio as a measure of atrophic gastritis. This analysis showed a positive association with HP infection in all sets [OR = 1.69; 1.01-2.81], distal cancer [OR = 1.88; 1.07-3.31] and intestinal-type cancer [OR = 3.76; 1.39-10.18]. We concluded that the risk of cancer associated with HP infection may be underestimated in studies with cross-sectional exposure because of spontaneous disappearance of HP due to extended mucosal atrophy.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Participation of NMDA and non-NMDA excitatory amino acid receptors in the mediation of spinal reflex potentials in rats: an in vivo study.

1. The effect of various intravenously administered excitatory amino acid (EAA) antagonists on the dorsal root stimulation-evoked, short latency (up to 10 ms) spinal root reflex potentials of chloralose-urethane anaesthetized C1 spinal rats was studied, in order to gain information on the involvement of non-NMDA (AMPA/kainate; AMPA = alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-propionate) and NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors in their mediation. The competitive non-NMDA antagonist, 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulphamoyl-benzo(F)quinoxaline (NBQX; 1-32 mg kg-1), the non-competitive non-NMDA antagonist, 1-(amino)phenyl-4-methyl-7,8-methylendioxy-5H-2,3-benzodiazepine (GYKI 52466; 0.5-8 mg kg-1), the competitive NMDA antagonist 3-((+/-)-2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-l-phosphonic acid (CPP, 2-8 mg kg-1) and two non-competitive NMDA antagonists: MK-801 (0.5-2 mg kg-1) and ketamine (2-32 mg kg-1) were used as pharmacological tools. 2. Validating the applied pharmacological tools regarding selectivity at the applied doses, their effects were tested on direct (electrical) as well as on synaptic excitability of motoneurones evoked by intraspinal stimulation. Furthermore, their effect was investigated on the responses elicited by microiontophoretic application of EAA agonists (AMPA, kainate and NMDA) into the motoneurone pool, where the extracellular field potential evoked by antidromic stimulation of the ventral root was recorded to detect the effects of EAA agonists. 3. NBQX and GYKI 52466 were able to abolish completely the mono-, di- and polysynaptic ventral root reflexes (MSR, DSR, PSR) and the synaptic excitability of motoneurones, while hardly influencing direct excitability of motoneurones. They markedly attenuated AMPA and kainate responses whilst having little or no effect on NMDA responses. 4. Apparently 'supramaximal' doses of CPP and MK-801 slightly inhibited MSR (by about 10%) moderately reduced DSR and PSR (by about 20-30%) and did not influence excitability of motoneurones. They selectively blocked responses to NMDA. 5. Ketamine dose-dependently inhibited MSR, DSR and PSR. Nevertheless, diminution of none of the responses exceeded 50%. It reduced both direct and synaptic excitability of motoneurones, thus displaying a local anaesthetic-like effect, which may contribute to its reflex inhibitory action. It depressed responses to NMDA whilst having negligible effects on responses to AMPA and kainate. 6. We conclude that non-NMDA receptors play a substantial role in the mediation of MSR, DSR and PSR, while NMDA receptors contribute little to this. Neither MSR nor PSR is mediated exclusively by non-NMDA or NMDA receptors, respectively. 7. The drugs investigated in this study, with the exception of ketamine, proved to be useful tools for elucidation of the involvement of EAA receptors in various processes in vivo Keywords: Glutamate receptors; AMPA; kainate; NMDA; NBQX; GYKI 52466; CPP; MK-801; spinal reflex; spinal cord

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Glucosyltransferase from Streptococcus sobrinus Catalyzes Glucosylation of Catechin.

We previously showed that the polymeric forms of polyphenols present in oolong tea extract exhibited strong inhibitory activities against glucosyltransferases (GTases) of mutans streptococci, while green tea extract, which is rich in catechins, did not show such GTase-inhibitory activities. In this study, (+)-catechin [2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol] was found to be glucosylated by the GTase of Streptococcus sobrinus 6715 with sucrose as the substrate, and the product was identified as 4(prm1)-O-(alpha)-d-glucopyranosyl-(+)-catechin, with a molecular weight of 452. The (alpha)-glucosylated (+)-catechin did not exhibit significant inhibition of glucan synthesis from sucrose by the GTase, which is in contrast to the polymeric polyphenols isolated from oolong tea leaves.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Glomerular dynamics and morphology of aged spontaneously hypertensive rats. Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition.

Relationships between glomerular dynamics and renal injury, micropuncture and histological studies were assessed in 73 week-old normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats divided into untreated and angiotension-converting enzyme inhibitor-treated (quinapril; 3 mg/kg/day; for 3 weeks) groups. Urinary protein excretion (UPE) and histologic arteriolar (AIS) and glomerular (GIS) injury scores were determined. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) of untreated SHR was increased compared with WKY (200 +/- 6 vs 119 +/- 4 mm Hg; P < 0.01), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) was reduced (1.47 +/- 0.21 vs 3.06 +/- 0.26 ml/min/per g; P > 0.01), and filtration fraction (FF) and total renal vascular resistance (RVR) of SHR were increased (P < 0.01). Single-nephron plasma flow (SNPF) of untreated SHR was decreased (174 +/- 17 vs 80 +/- 9 ml/min; P < 0.01), and single-nephron filtration fraction and afferent arteriolar resistance (RA) were increased (19.4 +/- 1.8 vs 30.0 +/- 2.5% and 1.90 +/- 0.25 vs 9.05 +/- 1.35 U, respectively; both P < 0.01). Despite reduced SNPF, glomerular capillary pressure (PG) increased (49.7 +/- 0.7 vs 53.8 +/- 1.3 mm Hg; P < 0.05), the result of efferent arteriolar constriction (1.15 +/- 0.18 vs 2.84 +/- 0.36 U; P < 0.01). Untreated SHR had higher UPE (13.9 +/- 1.5 vs 42.8 +/- 3.2; mg/100 g per day; P < 0.01) and GIS and AIS scores than WKY (4.3 +/- 1.1 vs 64.3 +/- 8.4 and 16.6 +/- 3.1 vs 96.3 +/- 14.4; both P < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aging↗
PubMed1995

Nitric oxide synthase inhibition in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Systemic, renal, and glomerular hemodynamics.

To investigate the prolonged effects of nitric oxide inhibition on systemic, renal, and glomerular hemodynamics, the effects of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) on cardiac index, renal micropuncture results, urinary excretion, and histology were obtained in 20-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) that were divided into two groups: untreated and L-NAME-treated (50 mg/L), each followed for 3 weeks. Cardiac index and effective renal plasma flow decreased (P < .01) in L-NAME-treated SHR, exhibiting a positive correlation (r = .816; P < .0001). Single-nephron plasma flow (123 +/- 8 versus 80 +/- 12 nL/min per gram; P < .01) and ultrafiltration coefficient (P < .05) were also reduced in L-NAME-treated SHR versus controls. Most notably, the L-NAME-treated SHR had increased afferent (4.4 +/- 0.3 versus 9.5 +/- 1.3 U; P < .01) and efferent (1.4 +/- 0.1 versus 2.7 +/- 0.3 U; P < .01) glomerular arteriolar resistances versus controls. These functional changes were associated with significantly altered afferent arteriolar (P < .001) and glomerular (P < .005) histological injury scores accompanied by marked proteinuria (P < .001). Because of the intense afferent glomerular artery constriction and lesser increase in efferent glomerular arteriolar resistance associated with reduced single-nephron plasma flow, glomerular capillary pressure did not increase in the L-NAME-treated SHR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1995

Structure determination of biliary metabolites of schizandrin in rat and dog.

After oral administration of schizandrin (1) to rat, the bile was collected and treated with beta-glucuronidase and arylsulfatase. Eleven metabolites, SZ-M0 (3), SZ-M1 (4), SZ-M2 (5), SZ-M3 (6), SZ-M4 (7), SZ-M5 (8), SZ-M6 (9), SZ-M7 (10), SZ-M8 (11), SZ-M9 (12) and SZ-M10 (13) were isolated from the bile treated with the enzymes. The bile after oral administration of 1 to dog was collected and treated with enzymes in the same way, and eight metabolites, 3-8, 10 and SZ-MD2 (14) were isolated from the bile treated with enzymes. The structures of these metabolites were determined on the basis of chemical and spectral studies. The major metabolite in the bile of rat was 7 and the major metabolites in the bile of dog were 7 and 14.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Cathestatins, new cysteine protease inhibitors produced by Penicillium citrinum.

New cysteine protease inhibitors, named cathestatin A and B, have been discovered as metabolites of Penicillium citrinum. Cathestatins were found to be decarbamidoyl analogs of estatins and showed a specific inhibition for cysteine proteases. Cathestatins suppressed parathyroid hormone (PTH)-stimulated 45Ca release in organ cultures of chick embryonic calvaria.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[A right subclavian artery aneurysm with hoarseness].

A 64-year-old man was admitted with hoarseness. CT scan and selective angiography revealed a right subclavian artery aneurysm involved just distal to the origin of the subclavian artery. Through median strenotomy with the addition of supraclavicular incision, proximal and distal ligation and prosthetic graft bypass were successfully performed under simple clamping of brachiocephalic artery. Exclusion of the aneurysm is technically easier when the aneurysm adheres to the surrounding tissues.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed1995

[Morphometry of protuberant changes of the optic nerve head].

For objective evaluation of elevated changes in the optic nerve head, volumetric measurement of optic nerve heads in normal eyes, and in eyes with optic neuritis and papilledema was performed using a three-dimensional computerized digital image analyzer. To determine the reliability of the data, both intraphotographic and interphotographic error variance was studied. The reproducibility of the data was good, because the coefficient variation of elevated volume was small, 1.0 to 8.3% (mean; 4.5%) on intraphotographic study and 0.8 to 11.5% (mean; 6.5%) on interphotographic study in the optic neuritis and papilledema. The accuracy of the data was good enough for clinical use, presuming a change of less than 0.05 mm as measuring error.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Subpressor dose of angiotensin II increases susceptibility to the haemodynamic injury of blood pressure in Dahl salt-sensitive rats.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of subpressor doses of angiotensin II (Ang II) on the progression of renal injuries in Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl-S) rats with hypertension. METHODS: Rats were fed a high-salt (4% NaCl) diet and given an Ang II infusion (10 or 50 ng/kg per min, subcutaneously) for 4 weeks. RESULTS: The plasma Ang II concentration achieved in the high-dose Ang II infusion was lower than that in low-salt (0.3% NaCl) normotensive rats. The Ang II infusion did not affect systolic blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy or weight of thoracic aorta. However, the high-dose Ang II infusion increased proteinuria by 58%, enhanced the urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminase index by 77% and reduced the glomerular filtration rate by 37%. The impaired renal function was associated with a progression of glomerulosclerotic lesions. Neither tubular nor arterial lesions were exacerbated. The infusion did not influence prostacyclin production or urinary cyclic GMP excretion. CONCLUSION: A subpressor dose of Ang II infusion impairs renal function with progression of glomerulosclerosis, and these alterations may be due to increased susceptibility of the glomerulus in Dahl-S rats to Ang II-induced injuries. Such a mechanism might underlie a predisposition to hypertension-induced organ damage seen in Dahl-S rats with salt-induced hypertension.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1995

[Expedient technique of aortic annular enlargement in aortic valve replacement].

The extended aortoplasty through the aortic annulus at the posterolateral part, Nicks and co-workers have reported, is applied in case of aortic valve replacement for the narrow aortic annulus, while we have often encountered some problems of bleeding from suture lines of aortoplasty or a left atrial wall defect of the atrial attachment at the aortic root. We report an idea for resolving these problems by means of using a patch for the aortoplasty lined with an equine pericardium on the inner side which has an excess part inferiorly folded up to the outer side. This technique may be effective for hemostasis of suture lines and easier to close the defect of the left atrium with the pericardial excess part.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Alignment ability of strabismic and eye enucleated subjects on the horizontal and oblique meridians.

For normal sighted observers visual performance is often superior on the principal meridians than on the oblique. There has been no clear consensus on whether disruption of the visual system affects performance on orientation sensitivity tasks. Here we compare the abilities of normally sighted subjects tested monocularly, subjects with one eye enucleated and strabismic subjects using the non-deviating eye, in an orientation task. Subjects were asked to align a dot with a bar that was oriented either horizontally or on the oblique. For all groups, alignments were significantly more accurate and precise for the horizontal bar as compared to the oblique bar. Normally sighted subjects were significantly more precise on alignments in the horizontal and oblique planes than strabismic subjects, using the non-deviating eye. Precision for eye enucleated subjects was similar to that of normally sighted subjects. Precision of alignments did not correlate to the age at diagnosis of strabismus or to depth of amblyopia in strabismus. We conclude that for alignment ability, the disruption of visual development produced by enucleation of eye is not equivalent to that produced by strabismus. This could represent an underlying difference in the visual system between these two groups.

Adolescent↗