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Biomedical subjects

H Ono

Publications and source records attributed to H Ono.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Major histocompatibility complex class II genes of zebrafish.

Twenty cDNA clones derived from beta-chain-encoding class II genes of the zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) major histocompatibility complex (MHC) have been sequenced. They fall into three groups identifying three loci of expressed genes. The length and organization of these genes are similar to those of their mammalian homologs. Amplification by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of genomic DNA from zebrafish collected at different locations in India indicate the existence of a fourth group of sequences (fourth locus). A high degree of polymorphism at the B. rerio MHC loci and concentration of variability to the putative peptide-binding region of the beta 1-domain-encoding part of the gene are also indicated. Large genetic distances between alleles suggest trans-specific evolution of fish MHC polymorphism. Zebrafish genes appear to be derived from a different ancestor than the various class II gene families of other vertebrates. In spite of great sequence divergence between fish and mammalian MHC genes, there seems to be a striking conservation in their overall organization.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

5-HT2/5-HT1C receptor-mediated facilitatory action on unit activity of ventral horn cells in rat spinal cord slices.

5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) and 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI) facilitate motoneuron excitability through 5-HT1C/5-HT2 receptors in rats. Using spinal cord slices prepared from adult rats, we recorded unitary cell discharges, evoked by local stimulation of the adjacent site, extracellularly in the motor nuclei of the ventral horn. 5-MeODMT, DOI, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 8-hydroxy-2-(di-N-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) and tandospirone facilitated the probability of firing in the motor nuclei, with 5-MeODMT and DOI being the most potent. The effect of 5-MeODMT was significantly suppressed by ketanserin (a 5-HT2 receptor-selective antagonist), spiperone (a 5-HT1A/5-HT2 receptor antagonist) and cyproheptadine (a 5-HT1C/5-HT2 receptor antagonist), but not by 3-tropanyl-3,5-dichlorobenzoate (MDL 72222, a 5-HT3 receptor-selective antagonist) or pindolol (a 5-HT1A/5-HT1B receptor antagonist). This suggests that 5-HT2 and/or 5-HT1C receptors are involved in the facilitatory effects of 5-HT receptor agonists on the synaptic activity of ventral horn cells.

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin↗
PubMed1992

Trans-species evolution of Mhc-DRB haplotype polymorphism in primates: organization of DRB genes in the chimpanzee.

The DRB region of the human major histocompatibility complex displays length polymorphism: Five major haplotypes differing in the number and type of genes they contain have been identified, each at appreciable frequency. In an attempt to determine whether this haplotype polymorphism, like the allelic polymorphism, predates the divergence of humans from great apes, we have worked out the organization of the DRB region of the chimpanzee Hugo using a combination of chromosome walking, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and sequencing. Hugo is a DRB homozygote whose single DRB haplotype is some 440 kilobases (kb) long and contains five genes. At least one and possibly two of these are pseudogenes, while three are presumably active genes. The genes are designated DRB*A0201, DRB2*0101, DRB3*0201, DRB6*0105, and DRB5*0301, and are arranged in this order on the chromosome. The DRB2 and DRB3 genes are separated by approximately 250 kb of sequence that does not seem to contain any additional DRB genes. The DRB*A0201 gene is related to the DRB1 gene of the human DR2 haplotype; the DRB2*0101 and DRB3*0201 genes are related to the DRB2 and DRB3 genes of the human DR3 haplotype, respectively; the DRB6*0105 and DRB5*0301 genes are related to the DRBVI and DRB5 genes of the human DR2 haplotype, respectively. Thus the Hugo haplotype appears to correspond to the entire human DR2 haplotype, into which a region representing a portion of the human DR3 haplotype has been inserted. Since other chimpanzees have their DRB regions organized in different ways, we conclude that, first, the chimpanzee DRB region, like the human DRB region, displays length polymorphism; second, some chimpanzee DRB haplotypes are longer than the longest known human DRB haplotypes; third, in some chimpanzee haplotypes at least, the DRB genes occur in combinations different from those of the human haplotypes; fourth, and most importantly, certain DRB gene combinations have been conserved in the evolution of chimpanzees and humans from their common ancestors. These data thus provide evidence that not only allelic but also haplotype polymorphism can be passed on from one species to another in a given evolutionary lineage.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Embolotherapy of massive duodenal hemorrhage.

Eleven patients with massive duodenal hemorrhage were treated by emergent embolization. Bleeding originated from duodenal ulcer in three patients, from duodenal tumor in one, from ruptured pancreaticoduodenal artery pseudoaneurysm in three, and from ruptured gastroduodenal artery pseudoaneurysm in four. Complete hemostasis was obtained immediately after embolotherapy in all cases. Three of these patients died during the hospitalization period, one of whom from duodenal infarction and pancreas necrosis induced by embolization. In three patients with duodenal ulcer, complete hemostasis was obtained only by the gastroduodenal artery embolization with Gelfoam particles. Seven patients with pseudoaneurysms of the gastroduodenal artery or its branches required not only blockage of blood flow from the celiac artery but also the superior mesenteric artery for complete hemostasis. Therefore, in patients presenting with duodenal hemorrhage, the possibility of dual blood supply to the duodenum should be considered. Emergent embolization represents a useful alternative to surgery for massive duodenal hemorrhage, but it carries a risk of complications in patients with previous gastroduodenal surgery or significant visceral atherosclerosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of serotonergic hallucinogens on spinal mono- and polysynaptic reflex pathways in the rat.

The effects of two 5-HT-related hallucinogens on rat spinal mono- and polysynaptic reflex pathways in the rat were investigated. 5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT, 1 and 100 micrograms/kg, i.v.), an indolealkylamine agent, produced a dose-dependent decrease in the monosynaptic reflex, whereas 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI, 1-100 micrograms/kg), a phenylalkylamine agent, produced a dose-dependent increase in the monosynaptic reflex. Both agents increased the polysynaptic reflex. The 5-HT2 receptor antagonists ketanserin (100 micrograms/kg) and ritanserin (100 micrograms/kg) blocked the effects of DOI on the monosynaptic reflex but only partially blocked the 5-MeODMT-induced effect on the monosynaptic reflex. These antagonists inhibited the change in polysynaptic reflex, induced by DOI but not by 5-MeODMT. Neither propranolol (1 mg/kg) nor 3-tropanyl-3,5-dichlorobenzoate (MDL 72222, 1 mg/kg) antagonized the effect of either agent. 5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine and DOI increased the excitability of motoneurons and this effect was inhibited by ketanserin. These results indicate that the two types of hallucinogens possess both common and distinct characteristics, with regard to their action on the spinal reflex: (1) both increase the activity of motoneurons through 5-HT2 receptors but (2) only 5-MeODMT has an inhibitory action on the pathway of the monosynaptic reflex.

Amphetamines↗
PubMed1992

Effect of long-term calcitonin therapy by injection and nasal spray on the incidence of fractures in osteogenesis imperfecta.

The effect of calcitonin therapy by injection or nasal spray on the incidence of bone fractures was studied in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. In contrast to injection of calcitonin, intranasal administration of calcitonin twice a week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no therapy, was simple and seemed beneficial for decreasing bone fractures in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1992

Lipoatrophic diabetes.

A female patient with acanthosis nigricans, insulin resistant diabetes, and generalized lipoatrophy is reported. The patient developed skin pigmentation and acanthosis nigricans around the age of 34. Arthralgia, muscle weakness, and peripheral neuropathy were also present when she first visited us at 36 years of age. Dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis, and internal malignancy were ruled out, and the diagnosis of acanthosis nigricans and insulin resistant diabetes was made. Her diabetes gradually worsened and, since the age of 39, she has been treated with an oral anti-diabetic drug. Around the age of 47, generalized lipoatrophy became prominent. Insulin receptor studies ruled out insulin resistant diabetes type A and B. At this point, we diagnosed this patient as having lipoatrophic diabetes, which is a syndrome characterized by insulin resistant diabetes, acanthosis nigricans, generalized lipoatrophy, and other metabolic disturbances. The control of her diabetes has been poor, and diabetic neuropathy and lipoatrophy-induced painful skin lesions such as clavus and tylosis have been persistent. The present case indicates the importance of careful skin examinations in the diagnosis of this syndrome.

Acanthosis Nigricans↗
PubMed1992

Nodular scleroderma in systemic sclerosis under D-penicillamine therapy.

A case of systemic sclerosis (SS) which developed keloidal lesions (nodular scleroderma) on the chest during D-penicillamine (DPC) therapy is reported. The 36-year-old woman showed rapidly progressing skin sclerosis with lung and esophageal involvement, and DPC was started at the age of 38. Skin sclerosis as a whole had improved to some extent, when keloidal nodules developed on the upper chest at the age of 44. Since there were no other findings suggestive of adverse reactions caused by DPC, we speculate that activation of the fibroblasts in these lesions occurred despite the suppressive effect of DPC.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Hypotensive effect of a phosphorus-containing novel angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, (S)-1-[6-amino-2[[hydroxy(4-phenylbutyl)phosphinyl] oxy]-1-oxohexyl]-L-proline (SQ 29,852) in conscious hypertensive dogs.

The hypotensive efficacy of (S)-1-[6-amino-2[[hydroxy(4-phenylbutyl) phosphinyl]oxy]-1-oxohexyl]-L-proline (SQ 29,852), a phosphorus-containing novel angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) was examined in conscious two-kidney, one-clip Goldblatt hypertensive dogs. The acute hypotensive effect of SQ 29 852 was compared with that of captopril or enalapril at 3 mg/kg, p.o., for each, and the potencies were ranked as follows, enalapril greater than SQ 29,852 greater than captopril. On the other hand, the hypotension caused by repetitive dosing with SQ 29,852 (3 mg/kg, p.o./d for 7 d followed by another 7-d treatment with 10 mg/kg, p.o./d) was somewhat more marked than that by enalapril at the same dosage. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) increased in all the animals given enalapril, while that in all of the SQ 29,852-treated animals did not increase. These results indicate that SQ 29,852 is a potent, and long-lasting ACEI with a possible low incidence of side effects.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

Amphetamine-antagonistic property of 4-phenyltetrahydroisoquinoline: effect on noradrenaline release in spinal cord slices.

The amphetamine-related compounds methamphetamine, phenylethylamine and nomifensine increased the K(+)-evoked release of endogenous noradrenaline from rat spinal cord slices. 4-Phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (4PTIQ), which alone did not affect the K(+)-evoked release of noradrenaline, inhibited the noradrenaline-releasing effects of methamphetamine, phenylethylamine and nomifensine. 4PTIQ revealed a weak noradrenaline-uptake inhibitory effect, and the effect was weaker than those of desipramine and nomifensine. These results showed that 4PTIQ is an antagonist against the amine-releasing effects of amphetamines.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1992

Occlusion as a depth cue in the Wheatstone-Panum limiting case.

We examined the hypothesis (Ono & Wade, 1985) that occlusion of far stimuli by a near one on the same visual line can operate as a depth cue in stereograms containing different numbers of targets in the two eyes. By controlling eye positions, we created conditions in which the visual system could interpret the retinal images as originating from stimuli on the visual axis of one eye and also created other conditions in which the origin of the retinal images was ambiguous. In Experiment 1, we presented two lines to one eye and a single line to the other eye. When the image of the line on the temporal side of the line pair on one retina fused with the image of the single line on the other retina, the nonfused line appeared farther away more often than it did when the image on the nasal side fused. In Experiment 2, we used two differently shaped stimuli. In the condition in which the nonfused stimulus represented an object being occluded, it appeared farther away more often than in the four conditions in which it did not. In Experiment 3, we extended the idea to three different objects. When the middle of the three images fused with the single image, the nonfused stimulus appeared farther when it could be interpreted as being occluded than when it could not. In the condition in which the most temporal image fused with the single image, the nonfused stimuli appeared farther than in the condition in which the most nasal one fused. The results supported the hypothesis that occlusion plays a role in depth perception in the Wheatstone-Panum limiting case.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The interaction of perceived distance with the perceived direction of visual motion during movements of the eyes and the head.

A horizontally moving target was followed by rotation of the eyes alone or by a lateral movement of the head. These movements resulted in the retinal displacement of a vertically moving target from its perceived path, the amplitude of which was determined by the phase and amplitude of the object motion and of the eye or head movements. In two experiments, we tested the prediction from our model of spatial motion (Swanston, Wade, & Day, 1987) that perceived distance interacts with compensation for head movements, but not with compensation for eye movements with respect to a stationary head. In both experiments, when the vertically moving target was seen at a distance different from its physical distance, its perceived path was displaced relative to that seen when there was no error in perceived distance, or when it was pursued by eye movements alone. In a third experiment, simultaneous measurements of eye and head position during lateral head movements showed that errors in fixation were not sufficient to require modification of the retinal paths determined by the geometry of the observation conditions in Experiments 1 and 2.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Sperabillins, new antibacterial antibiotics with potent in vivo activity. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and biological activity.

A Gram-negative bacterium was found to produce new antibacterial antibiotics, sperabillins A, B, C and D, and the producing bacterium was characterized and identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens YK-437. Sperabillins were isolated by column chromatographies using cation-exchange resins, activated carbon and cation-exchange Sephadex, and preparative reverse-phase HPLC. Sperabillins showed antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria including antibiotic-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Sperabillin A inhibited DNA, RNA, protein, and cell wall biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Sperabillins showed good protective effects in experimentally infected mice.

Amidines↗
PubMed1992

[The effect of elastase on aminonucleoside nephrosis--on renal vascular system].

This study was performed to investigated the relationship between cross sectional areas of glomerular arterioles and glomerular volume in rats with puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced nephrosis, which is an experimental model of glomerular sclerosis. We also evaluated the effect of an anti-arteriosclerotic agent, elastase on these parameters. Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups; control, PAN-treated (70 mg/kg i.p.), or PAN+elastase-treated (5 mg/kg/day i. m.) group. After 12 weeks of experimental period, microvascular cast of the kidney was prepared, and the cross sectional areas of afferent and efferent arterioles as well as glomerular volume were measured using scanning electron microscopy. In the juxtamedullary glomeruli with minor abnormalities, the efferent arteriole was narrower in PAN-treated rats than in the control rats and the elastase-treatment partially corrected it (control 55.7, PAN 35.9, PAN+elastase 43.7 x 10 microns 2). On the other hand, the cross sectional area of afferent arteriole was not different among the 3 groups. In glomeruli showing sclerosis, the cross sectional area of efferent arteriole correlated positively with the glomerular volume. There results suggest that constriction of the efferent arterioles contributes to the development of glomerular sclerosis in PAN-induced nephrosis. In addition, elastase possibly inhibits this process and thereby protect glomeruli from sclerosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[A case of acute renal failure in a patient with idiopathic hypouricemia].

This report is a 17-year-old man with an acute renal failure who complained of nausea, vomiting, bilateral loin pain and abdominal pain after scuffle. Renal biopsy specimen obtained from the left kidney revealed acute tubular necrosis. After recovering renal function he showed extreme hypouricemia (serum uric acid, 0.6 mg/dl) and elevated uric acid clearance (62-78 ml/min). The fractional excretion of uric acid (CUA/Ccr) could not be influenced by either oral pyrazinamide or probenecid. As no other renal tubular or metabolic abnormalities were detected, it is suggested that presecretory reabsorption defect or subtotal defect in uric acid transportation was responsible for the hypouricemia in this patient.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1992

A study on a method to identify the border between mandibular corpus and ramus on lateral cephalometric radiograph.

The mandible has two major parts, the corpus and the ramus. These two parts must be considered separately because each has its own functional counterpart with the maxilla and the posterior cranial base. Since the mandible is a single bone, the border of the corpus and the ramus can not be visualized on the conventional two-dimensional lateral cephalometric radiograph. The purpose of this study is to propose a reliable method to distinguish the border between the mandibular corpus and the ramus on the lateral cephalometric radiograph. In this study, 64 dried skulls in different developmental stages were examined. Metallic markers were placed at the diverging point (point T) on both sides of the dried skulls. From the occlusal view of the mandible, point T was considered to be the lingual border of the corpus and the ramus. Then, the lateral cephalometric radiographs of the dried skulls were taken. On each lateral cephalometric radiograph, a vertical line L was drawn from point Ra (the intersection of the occlusal plane and the anterior border of the ramus) to the mandibular plane. Thus, the distance from the midpoint of point T on each side to the vertical line L was measured. As a result, over 80% of the midpoints T were found on the vertical line L. Therefore, the vertical line L from point Ra to the mandibular plane can be considered to play the role of a reasonable reference line for distinguishing between the corpus and the ramus on the lateral cephalometric radiograph.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1992

Emergent embolization for control of massive hemorrhage from a splanchnic artery with a new coaxial catheter system.

Emergent superselective embolization with a 3.0 F (1 mm) coaxial catheter and a steerable guidewire was performed in 27 patients with massive hemorrhage from a small-caliber splanchnic artery. Eight patients had intraperitoneal hemorrhage, 3 had hemobilia, 9 had gastric hemorrhage, and 7 had intestinal hemorrhage. Out of 27 patients, 7 had hemorrhage from a splanchnic artery pseudoaneurysm. Complete cessation of bleeding was obtained in all patients initially, but in 3 patients gastric hemorrhage recurred later. Otherwise, there was no rebleeding nor any major complication such as marked infarction of tissue or misplacement of embolic materials. This coaxial catheter system was highly reliable for achieving superselective catheterization in small-caliber arteries, minimizing the volume of infarcted tissue and allowing maximal preservation of splanchnic organic function. We conclude that this system represents a major advance in interventional radiology.

Adolescent↗