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Biomedical subjects

H Onishi

Publications and source records attributed to H Onishi.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Transurethral microwave thermotherapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia: patient characteristics in good and poor responders.

Transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT) has been shown to produce a clinical benefit in patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. In order to identify the features of the ideal candidate, a retrospective analysis was conducted in 32 patients who were followed for 2 mo or more. Good responders (GR) were defined as having their Siroky peak flow rate (PFR) standard deviation (SD) increase by < 0.5 or a decrease in the International Prostatic Symptom Score (I-PSS) of > 10 (22 patients). Poor responders (PR) were defined as having their PFR SD increase by < or = 0.5 and their I-PSS decrease by < or = 10 (10 patients). The prostate volume, pre-TUMT I-PSS and intravesical opening pressure were significantly greater in the GR group, while there were no significant differences between the 2 groups for the other baseline patient characteristics: age, prostate length, PFR, PFR SD, post-voiding residual volume and quality of life. Concerning the operational parameters, significantly more total energy was delivered to the prostate in the GR group (mean 131 kJ) than in the PR group (mean 101 kJ). Moreover, the 7 patients with anti-androgen therapy pre-TUMT received less total energy and 5 of the 7 were poor responders. These results suggest that patients with apparent obstructive symptoms and with moderate enlargement of prostate could benefit more from this less invasive therapy. Clinical response seems to be dose-dependent and patients with a history of recent anti-androgen treatment may have a less favorable response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Allylestrenol↗
PubMed1993

Structural analysis of an extremely long 5'-noncoding region of rat brain argininosuccinate lyase mRNA: presence of multiple B1 repeats and multiple upstream AUG codons, and a possibility of translational control.

The present detailed analysis of the sequence of the extremely long (967 bp) 5'-noncoding region of a rat brain argininosuccinate lyase cDNA clone, reveals several features of interest. Multiple copies of partial and inverted (antisense) B1 repeats and multiple upstream ATG codons are present in the region, which suggests a possibility of translational control of the argininosuccinate lyase gene expression in rat brain.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

[Radiation stenosis and fistula formation developed after iridium-192 high-dose-rate intracavitary radiation boost therapy for carcinoma of the esophagus].

Intracavitary irradiation using a high-dose-rate Ir-192 remote after-loading system was applied to 14 advanced or inoperable patients with esophageal carcinoma as a boost therapy. The total dose of external irradiation was 45-70 Gy/15-35 fractions and that of intracavitary irradiation was 11.6-34.0 Gy/2-4 fractions at a point 5 mm deep from the inner surface of the esophageal mucosa. The time-dose-fractionation factor (TDF) of the whole treatment was 116-186 (mean, 146). Six patients (43%) had complete response (CR), three (21%) had partial response and five (36%) had no response. Esophageal carcinoma that showed exophytic growth, was less than 5 cm ling, and showed favorable response to external irradiation was likely to be a good candidate for intracavitary radiation boost therapy. Fistula formation was produced in five patients (36%), four of whom were irradiated at more than 140 TDF. All six CR patients were free from esophageal tumors, but severe esophageal stenosis due to radiation injury developed in five (83%) of them. They were irradiated at more than 135 TDF. One- and two-year survival rates were 28.6% and 14.3%, respectively. The poor prognosis was ascribed to the frequent occurrence of fatal radiation stenosis and fistula formation. An appropriate therapeutic dose for esophageal carcinoma that does not cause severe radiation stenosis was estimated to be under 120 TDF.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Interaction between two myosin heads in acto-smooth muscle heavy meromyosin rigor complex.

Muscle contraction occurs as a result of the cyclic interaction between actin and myosin, coupled with the hydrolysis of ATP by the myosin heads. A myosin molecule consists of two globular heads and a rod-shaped tail. It is thought that each myosin head functions as a contractile machinery unit, because each head shows ATPase activity and binds to F-actin. A still unsolved question is whether or not the two heads of a myosin molecule interact with each other during their cyclic interaction with F-actin. Here we report that when chicken gizzard heavy meromyosin (HMM) in its rigor complex with F-actin is reacted with the zero-length cross-linker 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl] carbodiimide (EDC), the two heads of the HMM molecule are cross-linked. This result suggests that the two heads of smooth muscle myosin are in contact with each other when myosin is attached to F-actin. It is thus possible that the two myosin heads interact with each other when cross-bridges are formed.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Endogenous methionine enkephalin may play an anticonvulsant role in the seizure-susceptible El mouse.

After the intracisternal injection of three protease inhibitors which prevent the degradation of methionine enkephalin (amastatin, Des-Pro2-bradykinin, and phosphoramidon) and a mixture of these protease inhibitors, we investigated the effect on convulsive seizures in the seizure-susceptible El mouse. We also measured the cerebral methionine enkephalin content by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with radioimmunoassay. Protease inhibitors significantly decreased both the incidence of seizures and the seizure score in El mice in a dose-dependent manner. This anticonvulsant effect was reversed by naloxone (2 mg/kg, sc). The cerebral methionine enkephalin content increased significantly after the administration of protease inhibitors in comparison with saline injection. These findings suggest that it was not protease inhibitors but instead increase of endogenous methionine enkephalin that reduced the incidence of seizures and the seizure score in El mice. Together with our previous data, the present findings support our hypothesis that a deficit in anticonvulsant endogenous methionine enkephalin is involved in the pathogenesis of seizures in the El mouse.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) and diabetes mellitus: molecular genetic analysis and family study.

Two MELAS (mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes) patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), and their family members are described clinically and genetically. The probands have the following features in common; normal early development, short stature, deterioration of intellectual ability, convulsions, cardiac conduction defect, sensorineural hearing loss, cortical blindness, and hemiparesis. Biochemical tests showed high levels of lactate and pyruvate in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Muscle biopsy showed ragged-red fibers. Molecular genetic analysis of both patients revealed that they had an A-to-G substitution at nucleotide position 3243 of the mitochondrial DNA in a heteroplasmic fashion. From these clinical and molecular genetic data they were diagnosed as having MELAS. In addition, fasting blood glucose levels were also high and they were diagnosed as having insulin-dependent DM. Some of the maternal family members in both cases also had insulin-dependent DM and several clinical symptoms of MELAS. DM and clinical features of MELAS were transmitted exclusively in the maternal line. In these cases, DM and MELAS might be a clinical manifestation of the same metabolic defect.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Pharmacokinetic characteristics and antitumor activity of the N-succinyl-chitosan-mitomycin C conjugate and the carboxymethyl-chitin-mitomycin C conjugate.

The conjugate between N-succinyl-chitosan (Suc-chitosan) and mitomycin C (MMC), named Suc-chitosan-MMC, and that between carboxymethyl-chitin (CM-chitin) and MMC, named CM-chitin-MMC, were investigated in vivo. As for the intraperitoneal drug administration using rats, the order of the maximum blood concentration of MMC was unconjugated MMC > CM-chitin-MMC > Suc-chitosan-MMC. The plasma concentration of MMC for Suc-chitosan-MMC was maintained at an almost constant level over 24 h. Pharmacokinetic analysis of each plasma concentration indicated that for each conjugate, the in vitro drug release reported previously was useful for the approximate estimation of the in vivo regeneration of MMC. The chemotherapeutic effect of MMC and the conjugates was investigated using mice bearing L1210 leukemia or B16 melanoma. Concerning antitumor activity against L1210 leukemia, the conjugates exhibited a marked effect at higher doses, and their effect increased even in the dose range where the effect of MMC decreased. MMC and the conjugates exhibited a good growth-inhibitory effect against B16 melanoma. Complete inhibition of growth of B16 melanoma was observed at the dose of 10 mg eq MMC/kg for CM-chitin-MMC.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Transurethral microwave thermotherapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia: clinical evaluation with International Prostate Symptom Score (I-PSS)].

Forty patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia were treated with a single session of transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT) using a Prostatron. The clinical effectiveness was evaluated by analyzing the subjective and objective responses following the treatment. The International Prostate Symptom Score (I-PSS) and quality of life (QOL) scale were used to evaluate the subjective symptoms. At three months after treatment, significant improvements in I-PSS (p < 0.0001). QOL (P < 0.0001), and peak flow rate (Qmax) (p < 0.05) were observed. Improvement of both I-PSS and Qmax was found in 90% (18/20) of the patients at 2 months. Although 15 patients noted transient urinary retention and 15 patients had mild to moderate macroscopic hematuria immediately after TUMT, no severe adverse effects occurred during the follow-up period. A significant correlation was found between I-PSS improvement and the total thermal dose delivered. However, the thermal dose could not be predicted in each case. The preliminary findings suggest that TUMT by Prostatron is safe and effective as a nonsurgical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia. The clinical response seems to be thermal dose dependent. I-PSS is clinically sensitive and is useful in practice.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Use of a new hypersensitive assay for the detection of prostate specific antigen in prostate cancer.

We have developed a new hypersensitive enzyme immunoassay for prostate specific antigen (PSA) based on the (MARKIT-M PA) assay but employing a two-hour incubation of the primary monoclonal antibody. The analytical sensitivity has been determined at 0.2 ng/ml, calculated as the mean+three standard deviations of the zero calibrator. Serum PSA was measured at least one month after radical prostatectomy (nine patients) or cystoprostatectomy (six patients). Based on the PSA levels of these patients, the recommended PSA cut-off level indicative of residual disease after radical prostatectomy was 0.4 ng/ml. Increasing (> 0.4 ng/ml) PSA levels preceded recurrence by eight months in a patient who developed bone metastasis after radical prostatectomy. In two patients treated with endocrine therapy, increasing PSA levels also preceded clinical evidence of progression by between eight and nine months. The study suggests that the newly developed sensitive PSA assay allows for the identification of patients with disease progression and the early commencement of adjuvant treatment.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

[Immunohistochemical study of growth factors and oncogenes in gastric carcinomas].

Immunohistochemical staining for EGF, EGFR, c-erbB-2, p53, K-ras and PCNA was performed on the formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded sections of resected gastric carcinomas. A relatively high positive rate was observed for EGFR and c-erbB-2 in the well-differentiated adenocarcinomas and p53 in the poorly-differentiated adenocarcinomas. The positive rate of these factor was higher in the advanced cases than in the early cases, and also in the deep invasive area than the superficial area. According to the PCNA staining, a relatively high positive rate was observed in the well-differentiated adenocarcinomas compared with the early cases of poorly-differentiated adenocarcinomas, but the positive rate was markedly higher in the advanced cases of the latter. Typical signet-ring cell carcinomas showed the lowest positivity rate compared with the other histological types of gastric carcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of the conjugate between N4-(4-carboxybutyryl)-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and chitosan as a macromolecular prodrug of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine.

The conjugate of N4-(4-carboxybutyryl)-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (glu-ara-C) with chitosan, named chi-glu-ara-C, was prepared and evaluated on its utility as a macromolecular prodrug. 1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) was predominantly regenerated gradually from chi-glu-ara-C in 1/15 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, at 37 degrees C, and its amount after 7 d incubation was 56% (w/w). The antitumor effect was evaluated by an increase in the lifespan (ILS) of the mice bearing P388 leukemia at the single administration at 24 h after inoculation. Ara-C exhibited an ILS of 3.4% at a dose of 100 mg/kg, and the survival time was not significantly different from that of the control. However, chi-glu-ara-C showed an ILS of 60.7% at a dose of 88 mg eq ara-C/kg, and the survival time was significantly different from that of the control. Chitosan and chi-glu-ara-C were observed to cause the side effects judged from the body weight loss to a certain extent. However, chi-glu-ara-C was recognized to be useful because of its effectiveness.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Renal or perirenal malignant lymphoma: report of three cases].

We report three cases of renal or perirenal malignant lymphoma. The patients were a 69-year-old woman presenting with lumbago, a 43-year-old man with fever and erythema, and a 69-year-old woman with general malaise. In each case, renal or perirenal tumor was discovered by abdominal ultrasound. Biopsy and microscopic examination revealed the diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma. The computerized tomography patterns of the cases were different from each other; "direct invasion" in the first case, "solitary nodule" in the second case, and "engulfment" in the third case. Chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy were performed. Only the third case is still alive at present. The computerized tomography pattern of renal or perirenal malignant lymphoma was classified into five groups; I) multiple nodules, II) solitary nodule, III) engulfment, IV) direct invasion, V) diffuse infiltration. This classification should be useful in making an accurate and early diagnosis.

Adult↗