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Biomedical subjects

H Onishi

Publications and source records attributed to H Onishi.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of sustained release chitosan-coated ketoprofen microparticles.

Simple ketoprofen microspheres (MS) were prepared by the dry-in-oil method using ethylcellulose (EC) as a matrix polymer. Further, the microspheres modified by addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), called MS-P and MS-H, respectively, were prepared. The in vitro release from MS, MS-P and MS-H was examined in the JP XIII second fluid, pH 6.8, at 37 degrees C and 60 rpm. Chitosan-coated ketoprofen microparticles (Chi-MP) were prepared by the precipitation of droplets of chitosan solution containing MS, and their adhesion to the rat small intestinal mucosa was tested. The plasma concentrations after duodenal administration were investigated for ketoprofen powder suspension, MS and Chi-MP. The particle size was raised with the increase in amount of ketoprofen added. The drug content and addition of PEG or HPC affected the drug release rate. The microspheres with moderate drug content, prepared by addition of modest amount of PEG, exhibited better gradual drug release. Chi-MP showed a good mucoadhesion. The maximum plasma concentration of ketoprofen for Chi-MP was less than one-third of that for ketoprofen powder suspension. Chi-MP tended to show the higher and steadier plasma level than MS.

Adsorption↗
PubMed2001

Flagellin as a biomarker for Bacillus subtilis strains; application to the DB9011 strain and the study of interspecific diversity in amino-acid sequences.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the flagellin central domain coding region (FCD-PCR) was applied to the detection and discrimination of Bacillus subtilis DB9011, a strain with useful functions in agriculture. Cross-reactions were observed in 4 B. subtilis strains with similar flagellin genes (hag). Alignment of partial amino-acid sequences of flagellin and the results of PCR for the 16S/23S rRNA spacer in 11 B. subtilis strains suggested the presence of a group including strains with antifungal activity (DB9011 and others).

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2001

Adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas: successful treatment with extended radical surgery, intraoperative radiation therapy, and locoregional chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas is a rare tumor with an extremely poor survival rate. No obvious evidence that multidisciplinary treatments improves the prognosis and survival has been reported. PATIENT AND RESULTS: A 63-yr-old female with adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas underwent extended radical surgery, intraoperative radiation therapy, postoperative intraarterial chemotherapy, and external beam radiation therapy. The patient is alive at 40 mo after surgery with no recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Multidisciplinary treatments including aggressive surgery, intraoperative radiation therapy, and locoregional chemotherapy might improve the survival of patients with adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas to inhibit liver metastasis and local recurrence.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2001

[Clinical comparison of Chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia, ornithosis, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia].

To elucidate the differences between the clinical aspects of Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pn) pneumonia and those of two other atypical pneumonias, Chlamydia psittaci (C. ps) pneumonia and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pn) pneumonia, we analyzed the symptoms and laboratory data on the cases of these three types of pneumonia: 46 cases of C. pn pneumonia, 39 cases of C. ps pneumonia, and 131 cases of M. pn pneumonia. C. pn pneumonia was significantly more frequent among the elderly (mean 70 +/- 16 years, p < 0.01) and patients were significantly more likely to be male (76%, p < 0.05). A white blood cell count of over 10,000 was seen in 46% of C. pn pneumonia cases, a higher proportion than those of C. ps pneumonia (15%, p = 0.03) or M. pn pneumonia (18%, p = 0.006) cases. The proportions of patients with these infections who had an elevated GOT or GPT were not significantly different. Maximum body temperature was higher in M. pn pneumonia than in C. pn pneumonia (p = 0.003). Purulent sputa were seen in 44% of C. pn pneumonia cases and 50% of M. pn pneumonia cases, and these rates were higher than that of 13% in C. ps pneumonia cases (p = 0.002, p = 0.004). Dyspnea and anorexia symptoms were the most frequent in C. pn pneumonia cases (24% and 29%, respectively, the highest of all three pneumonias). There were clinical differences between C. pn pneumonia and the other two atypical pneumonias. However, there was some difficulty in differentiating between C. pn pneumonia and typical bacterial pneumonia because mixed infections were common (24%) in C. pn pneumonia cases.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Dynamic viewer of medical events in electronic medical record.

Medical record should enable doctors to comprehend the patient's history and select suitable medical treatment. In paper based medical records, medical events (examination, treatment etc.) are recorded successively, and problem oriented recording is difficult to be applied to patients with much information and a long history. Consequently it is not easy to understand the patient's history from paper based medical records. In order to solve this problem, we developed the flow sheet system in our electronic medical record (EMR). To make a flow sheet, we analyzed the structure of the medical event data. In this paper we introduced the medical event information model for our EMR. Furthermore, we clarified the specification of the data presentation on the flow sheet. We developed the flow sheet on the basis of these analyses. Because there are 3 layers in the vertical axis of the flow sheet, many items of the medical event can be displayed on the screen. When user clicks the cell, the corresponding detail data including images are shown. This system functions to link medical event items with a problem, and shows the bundled items on the flow sheet when the user selects the problem. We implemented this system in Osaka University Hospital. The number of the types of medical events and those of detail events in inpatients are 5.0+1.7 (mean+SD) and 60+47, respectively. The medical doctors in Osaka University Hospital evaluated this system, and concludes that the flow sheet data presentation makes comprehension of the patient's history easier than paper based records. As to the function of bundling the items relevant to the problem, they feel it is especially useful for patients with chronic disease. Thus the flow sheet data presentation in EMR is useful for medical practice.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2001

[Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer with para-aortic lymph node metastasis].

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was applied to patients with advanced gastric cancer and confirmed para-aortic lymph node metastasis. Subjects were 7 patients. The response to the neoadjuvant chemotherapy was a PR in 5 cases, MR in 2 cases for the primary lesion and CR in 2 cases PR in 5 cases for the para-aortic lymph node metastasis. The grades of histological response assessed on the resected specimen were Grade 0 in three cases, Grade 1a in one, Grade 1b in one and Grade 2 in two. While there was no significant difference in survival rate between patient groups with and without neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the 2-year survival rate in patients with neoadjuvant chemotherapy was a good 42.9%, compared with 10% in patients groups without neoadjuvant chemotherapy. It is concluded that a better prognosis can be expected for advanced gastric cancer patients with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

On the tryptophan residue of smooth muscle myosin that responds to binding of nucleotide.

Initially, we asked which (of 10) smooth muscle myosin head residues responds to MgADP or MgATP binding with enhanced fluorescence emission (Trp-441 and Trp-512 were leading candidates)? To decide, we prepared sham-mutated smooth muscle heavy meromyosin (HMM), W441F HMM, and W512F HMM. On adding MgATP, emission of wild-type and W441F HMMs increased by 25-27%, but that of W512F HMM by 5%. So, in myosin, 512 is the "sensitive Trp." Unexpectedly, properties of W512F HMM [elevated Ca(2+)-ATPase, depressed EDTA (K(+))-ATPase, no regulation of its basal or actin-activated Mg(2+)-ATPase by phosphorylation of its "regulatory" light chain, limited actin activation, and inability to move actin filaments in a motility assay] are strikingly like those of smooth muscle myosin reacted at Cys-717 with thiol reagent. From crystallography-based [Houdusse, A., Kalabakis, V. N., Himmel, D., Szent-Györgyi, A. G. & Cohen, C. (1999) Cell 97, 459-470] simulations, we found that in wild-type HMM with MgADP added, Trp-512 is in a "hydrophobic pocket," but that pocket becomes distorted in W512F HMM. We think that there is a "path of influence" from 512 to 717 to the active site. We suggest that the mutational changes at 512 are transmitted along this path to Cys-717, where they induce changes similar to those caused by reacting wild-type HMM with thiol reagent.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed2000

The 5' upstream region of mPer1 gene contains two promoters and is responsible for circadian oscillation.

The mPer1 gene is assumed to be a key molecule in the regulation and functioning of the mammalian circadian clock, which is based on the oscillation generated by a transcription-(post)translation feedback loop of a set of clock genes [1]. Robust circadian oscillation and acute light-elicited induction of mPer1 mRNA expression have been observed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the mammalian circadian center [2] [3]. To investigate the mechanism underlying the complex regulation of mPer1 expression, we isolated and characterized the 5' upstream region of the mPer1 gene. Unexpectedly, we identified two promoters, each followed by alternative first exons of mPer1. Consistent with the presence of multiple E-boxes in the promoters, exon-specific in situ hybridization of the SCN established that both promoters function in circadian oscillation and in light-induction of mPer1 expression. Transgenic mice carrying the 5' upstream region of the mPer1 gene fused to the luciferase gene demonstrated that a DNA fragment carrying both promoter regions is sufficient to elicit striking circadian oscillation in the SCN and responsiveness to light. Moreover, luminescence in the SCN accurately mirrored the mPer1 transcriptional activity. These transgenic mice will be very useful for monitoring clock-specific mPer1 expression in intact organisms and to follow the circadian clock in real time.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Pharmacokinetics of prolonged-release CPT-11-loaded microspheres in rats.

CPT-11-containing microspheres composed of poly-D,L-lactic acid or poly (D,L-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) copolymers were prepared by an oil-in-water evaporation method. The size and shape of the microspheres were examined, and the drug release rates were analyzed from the in vitro release profiles. CPT-11 aqueous solution was intravenously or intraperitoneally injected at 10 mg/kg, and microspheres were intraperitoneally administered at 50 mg eq CPT-11/kg in rats. The microspheres had an average diameter of around 10 microm and their shape was spherical. All the microspheres contained CPT-11 in a lactone form, and their drug contents and release profiles were basically similar to those of previous microspheres. After i.v. injection of CPT-11 solution, the CPT-11 plasma concentration decreased quickly, SN-38 decreased slowly at a much lower level, and SN-38 glucuronide (SN-38G) declined very slowly at a higher level than SN-38. The plasma concentration of CPT-11 reached a maximum at 30 min after i.p. administration of CPT-11 solution. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of CPT-11 after i.p. administration was somewhat lower compared with that after i.v. administration, but the plasma concentration-time profiles of SN-38 and SN-38G were nearly identical between i.v. and i.p. administration. An i.p. administration of the microspheres resulted in gradually increasing or almost constant CPT-11 levels. The levels of SN-38 were also stable during the observation period (4 days) except for the slowest releasing microsphere in which SN-38 was not detected after 24 h following administration. Intraperitoneal administration of any of the microspheres resulted in stable and similar levels of SN-38G after 24 h following administration. When judging from apparent simple pharmacokinetic analysis, an inconsistency was found between the in vitro drug release and the plasma level to a fair extent, but overall the in vivo drug release rate from microspheres was considered parallel to the in vitro one. The microspheres showing a faster release of CPT-11 exhibited higher plasma levels of CPT-11 and SN-38, explaining the previous results that efficacy was better when the in vitro release rate was higher. That the SN-38 level could be attained to a certain extent even at the range of modest or low plasma concentration of CPT-11 in each administration may be related to the non-linear metabolic conversion from CPT-11 to SN-38.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Hydrogen adatoms on TiO2(110)-(1x1) characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy and electron stimulated desorption

Hydrogen atoms adsorbed on TiO2(110)-(1x1) surfaces have been characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) combined with electron stimulated desorption (ESD) technique. Certain amounts of H atoms are unexpectedly found on the TiO2 surfaces annealed at 900 K. Two forms of adsorption were discriminated in STM images from the different sensitivity to ESD and tentatively assigned to hydroxyl-type (O-H) and hydride-type (Ti-H) species.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Mucoadhesive suppositories of ramosetron hydrochloride utilizing Carbopol.

Suppositories are the preferable dosage form for patients at home or experiencing nausea. Serotonin (5-HT(3))-receptor antagonists are used to treat vomiting in intravenous or oral administration but not suppository form. Ramosetron hydrochloride (RAM) is a new 5-HT(3) antagonist which effectively inhibits vomiting, and we prepared RAM suppositories using Witepsol((R)) H-15 (H-15) containing Carbopol((R)) 934P (CP). The viscosity of suppository base and RAM release properties from suppositories were examined. Plasma RAM concentrations after administration of suppositories to rabbits were estimated and irritation of rectal tissues were observed. Antiemetic effects of suppositories were studied using ferrets. The base viscosity increased with addition of CP. Suppositories containing CP exhibited better absorption in rabbits compared to H-15 suppositories, correlated with release behavior. Suppositories containing 2% CP had 2.5 times larger AUC(0-24 h) than H-15 suppositories, and the MRT was prolonged by 5.8 h compared with i.v. administration. 10% CP suppositories administered to rabbits for 5 days did not irritate the tissues. Antiemetic studies indicated that 2% CP suppository of RAM might have the same effect as i.v. administration. These results suggest that RAM suppositories containing CP are safe and useful in once-a-day dosage form for treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed2000

A manic episode associated with bereavement in a patient with lung cancer. A case report.

We describe a manic episode associated with bereavement in a lung cancer patient. The patient became manic 4 days after the death of a close friend also suffering from lung cancer, though the deceased was not a member of his immediate family. Manic episodes in cancer patients are rare, and our report of a manic episode associated with bereavement may also serve to highlight possible precipitating factors, which have not been adequately emphasized in the literature to date.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Surgical anatomy of the bile duct branches of the medial segment (B4) of the liver in relation to hilar carcinoma.

In some patients, hilar bile duct carcinoma can easily spread to the bile duct branches of the caudate lobe (B1) as well as to the bile duct branches of the medial segment (B4), and resection of the inferior portion of the medial segment (S4a) is then required. It is therefore important to understand the detailed anatomy of the B4, its confluence patterns, and its relation to the B1 in order to be able to identify such patients. The confluence pattern of the B4 was studied in 141 specimens (68 adult cadavers and 73 liver casts) and the distance between the left bile duct branches of the caudate lobe (B11) and the B4 was measured in 56 of the 73 casts in which both B11 and B4 were present. Two main gross types of B4 were recognized: type I, in which B4 joined the left hepatic duct (LHD) close to the hilar confluence (35.5%), and type II, in which B4 joined the LHD far from the hilar confluence (54.6%). Analysis of the relationship between B11 and B4 revealed a mean distance between B11 and B4 of 8 mm in type 1, and 17 mm in type II. When the distance is less than 10 mm, B11 and B4 are considered to be located very close to each other, and in such individuals hilar bile duct carcinoma can infiltrate the B4 easily, thereby necessitating the resection of S4a, together with a caudate lobectomy for curative resection. Also, the confluence pattern of the B4 often creates a problem when the LHD is divided and reconstructed during hepatectomy, because of the numerous anatomical variations of the B4 itself. We therefore concluded that a good anatomical knowledge of the B4 and its relation to the B11 is essential in making the decision to perform S4a resection in selected patients with hilar bile duct carcinoma with the aim of curative resection.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Evaluation of N-succinyl-chitosan as a systemic long-circulating polymer.

The water-soluble, low toxic and less biodegradable chitosan derivative N-succinyl-chitosan (Suc-chitosan) was investigated for body distribution and urinary excretion on a long-time scale (24-72 h after i.v. injection) using a fluorescein-labeling technique. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled Suc-chitosan (Suc-chitosan-FTC) was characterized for molecular weight, succinylation degree and FTC content. Systemic retention and tissue distribution of Suc-chitosan-FTC were examined after i.v. administration to normal and Sarcoma 180 tumor-bearing mice. Suc-chitosan-FTC was sustained at a high level in the circulation over 72 h; that is, the plasma half-life in normal mice was 100.3 h and that in tumor-bearing mice was 43.0 h, which was longer than those of other long-circulating macromolecules reported to date. As to the tissues except blood circulation, Suc-chitosan-FTC was distributed very little in tissues other than the tumor. Although the total amount of Suc-chitosan-FTC residing in tested tissues decreased gradually, urinary excretion did not increase from 24 h after injection. These observations suggested that Suc-chitosan-FTC may be eliminated by mechanisms other than in the urine or moved to tissues other than those tested. The ratio of tumor accumulation reached a plateau at 48 h after injection, and the accumulation level, approximately 10%, was similar to those observed for other reported long-circulating macromolecules.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Preparation of CM-chitin microspheres by complexation with iron(III) in w/o emulsion and their biodisposition characteristics in mice.

6-O-Carboxymethylchitin (CM-chitin) was partially deacetylated by alkaline treatment, and the 30% deacetylated product was named CM-DA30 and used for the preparation of microspheres. An aqueous solution of CM-DA30 was added to hexane containing 1% (w/w) sorbitan sesquioleate and emulsified by stirring and sonication, and iron(III) chloride was added. The formed microspheres (CM-MS) were washed with methanol and lyophilized after addition of polyethylene glycol. The mean particle diameter was less than a few microm, and longer sonication time tended to decrease the mean particle size. Sixty min of sonication enabled the production of CM-MS consisting of only the particles with a diameter of less than several microm. Iron(III) content and recovery of CM-DA30 were not markedly affected by the sonication time. CM-MS was spherical as was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Fluorescein moieties-containing microspheres (CM-MS-FTC) were prepared in the same manner but using fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labeled CM-DA30 (FTC-CM-DA30) instead of CM-DA30. After i.v. injection of CM-MS-FTC, its body distribution and urinary excretion of FTC-CM-DA30 were examined. CM-MS-FTC was located to some extent in the lung for an initial short time (= 1 h), soon cleared from the lung, and was retained for long in the liver and spleen. CM-MS-FTC was quickly eliminated from the blood circulation, and 60% of the dose was excreted into urine at 3 h after injection. From 3 h after injection, the urinary excretion rate markedly decreased, and the total excreted amount was 66% of the dose at 12 h after injection, which was not significantly different from that at 3 h after injection. The present preparation technique permits producing small microspheres of CM-chitin as a drug carrier possibly useful for the liver targeting.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Relationship between EMG signals and force in human vastus lateralis muscle using multiple bipolar wire electrodes.

This paper describes the relationship between knee extension force and EMG signals detected by multiple bipolar wire electrodes inserted into the human vastus lateralis muscle under isometric conditions. Six healthy male volunteers participated in this study. Eight pairs of bipolar wire electrodes were inserted into the right vastus lateralis muscle and the EMG data were simultaneously detected and analyzed. The EMG raw data and individual force-IEMG relations were influenced by the location of the electrode inserted into the muscle. The force and IEMG relationship averaged across subjects detected from the eight electrodes, however, showed almost the same linear correlation in spite of different electrode locations. No linear correlation was observed between MdF and the knee extension force. This result suggests that, if all of the muscle fibers participate in the same action at the same time, the averaged normalized IEMG from any places using wire electrodes could reflect the total activities of that muscle even if the muscle is large.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Relationship between blood pressure level and mortality rate: an 18-year study conducted in two rural communities in Japan.

BACKGROUND: There have been very few studies on life prognosis of cardiovascular disease according to blood pressure stratification in the Japanese. Therefore, in Japan, although treatment of hypertension is possible, albeit at times difficult, due to the availability of various antihypertensive medications, the appropriate time at which treatment should be started remains a problem. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long-term prognosis of cardiovascular disease in the Japanese general population according to blood pressure stratification in the Japanese. DESIGN: A community-based prospective cohort study of 1996 men and women between the ages of 40 and 64 years at the baseline examination was conducted over an 18-year period. Information on death was obtained from local public health nurses and death certificates. The causes of death were clarified by questionnaires sent to doctors in the hospital in which the deceased was hospitalized, and the causes of death were analysed in each blood pressure category at baseline examination. RESULTS: Mortality from cardiovascular disease increased with increases in the level of blood pressure and was significantly higher in > or = 140 mmHg group in systolic blood pressure and > or = 90 mmHg group in diastolic blood pressure, adjusted for age, sex and other cardiovascular risk factors in the Japanese general population. However, mortality risk from cardiovascular disease did not have a J-shaped relationship with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the optimum time for starting treatment in Japanese people is when blood pressure is 140/90 mmHg or less.

Adult↗