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Biomedical subjects

H Olsson

Publications and source records attributed to H Olsson.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Relationship between cytogenetic findings and histopathology in non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

The cytogenetic findings in 70 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma have been correlated with tumor histopathology according to the Kiel classification. Certain chromosome aberrations displayed a nonrandom association with the grade of malignancy: 4 lymphomas out of 6 with 1p+, 5 out of 7 with del(6)(q15), 7 out of 11 with 14q+, and 5 out of 8 with +18 belonged to the high grade malignancy group, whereas 9 lymphomas out of 10 with t(14;18) were low grade malignant. Two aberration types were closely associated with specific histopathologic subtypes: t(14;18) occurred in 7 cases out of 10 in centroblastic/centrocytic (cb/cc) follicular lymphomas, and 5 cases out of 6 with i(17q) were cb or cb/cc. Although less striking, there was a tendency for del(6)(q15) to occur in cb or cb/cc lymphomas (4 cases out of 7), in contrast to only 1 case out of 5 with the more distal deletion del(6)(q21).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Cytogenetic studies in Hodgkin's disease.

Cytogenetic analysis was attempted in 20 patients with Hodgkin's disease. No mitoses were found in 2 cases, normal metaphases in 7, and normal metaphases with nonclonal aberrations in 7. Of the 4 cases with clonal aberrations, one had +16 as the sole change, whereas the remaining tumors had multiple numerical and structural changes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Lung tumor presentation in relation to histology and smoking habit of operable and inoperable patients.

In two separate groups of lung cancer patients, the cranio-caudal site of tumor presentation was related to smoking habits. Group I consisted of 47 inoperable lung cancer patients. In this group apical lung tumor presentation was significantly more common in nonsmokers than in smokers (p less than 0.04). The proportion of women and patients with adenocarcinoma was higher for nonsmokers (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.01, respectively). In order to validate these findings the site of tumor presentation in relation to smoking habits was studied for a separate group of 369 lung cancer patients. All these patients (group II) had operable tumors. In general, these patients were younger and came from more urban areas than the patients in group I. In group II, upper lobe tumor presentation was not more common among nonsmokers compared with tumor presentation in smokers (p greater than 0.05). However, there were more patients with adenocarcinomas and women among nonsmokers (p less than 0.0001 and p less than 0.0001, respectively). The findings indicate that either the tumor site of presentation in operable and in inoperable lung cancer patients has different epidemiological characteristics, or that, due to chance, a difference in the groups has been observed. However, consistently in the two groups, women with adenocarcinomas who were smokers were younger than other women with adenocarcinomas.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Phosphorylation of the basal site of hormone-sensitive lipase by glycogen synthase kinase-4.

In rat adipocytes hormone-sensitive lipase is phosphorylated at two sites termed 'regulatory' and 'basal', in the former case by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase causing an activation of the lipase [(1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81, 3317-3321]. Here, the basal phosphorylation site was found to be phosphorylated by glycogen synthase kinase-4 without any effects on lipase activity, or on the extent of its activation subsequent to phosphorylation of the regulatory site. Glycogen synthase kinase-3, casein kinase-I, and casein kinase-II did not phosphorylate the lipase. Phosphorylase kinase phosphorylated it to a very low extent at a third phosphorylation site not phosphorylated in the fat cell.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1986

Near-haploidy in a case of plasmocytoma.

Chromosome studies of a solitary plasmocytoma in the femoral bone revealed a near-haploid chromosome number of 31-32 with a loss of one homolog of each chromosome pair except #1, #7, #9, #15, #19-21, and the sex chromosomes (XY). The cytogenetic findings have been compared with 16 cases of near-haploid neoplasms from the literature studied using banding techniques. A common feature present in 13 of the 16 cases reported was found to be disomy 21; the only chromosomes consistently present in one copy in all neoplasms were #2, #3, #4, and #5.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1986

A biological marker, strongly associated with early oral contraceptive use, for the selection of a high risk group for premenopausal breast cancer.

In a population-based group of women, consecutively diagnosed, with premenopausal breast cancer there was a significant correlation between tumour size and plasma prolactin (r = 0.30; P less than 0.004). The concentration of estrogen receptor was negatively correlated to tumour size (r = 0.17; P less than 0.09). There were no substantial correlations between tumour size and progesterone receptor, plasma progesterone or estradiol. Adjustments for menstrual cycle day and age did not alter the above findings. The ratio of plasma prolactin and estrogen receptor was significantly greater (P less than 0.037) for the group of the patients that had started using oral contraceptives before the age of 20 as compared with the other patients. Consequently, the tumour size was significantly greater in the group of early users (P less than 0.003). The findings indicate that breast tumours developing in previous early users of oral contraceptives have a low estrogen receptor concentration, while these patients have higher plasma prolactin. The tumour size is greater in early users indicating a poorer prognosis than other women with breast cancer. As early use of oral contraceptives increases breast cancer risk and a high ratio of plasma prolactin and estrogen receptor concentration of the primary tumour characterize early oral contraceptive users the ratio may be a valuable marker for the breast cancer risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Microcalorimetric investigation of cell metabolism in tumour cells from patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).

The overall metabolism in tumour cells from 36 untreated patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma was evaluated by direct calorimetry. For 20 patients with lymphoma of high grade malignancy the median value of heat production rate per tumour cell was 3.9 pW and for 16 patients with low grade lymphomas the corresponding value was 2.8 pW. The difference between the two morphological groups is significant (p = 0.05). The median value of heat production rate per tumour cell from 13 patients who died within 2 yr after diagnosis was 4.0 pW. The corresponding value for 17 patients who have survived for more than 2 yr was 2.5 pW. The difference between the two groups is significant (p = 0.02). A high correlation was found between heat production rates in tumour cells and survival of the patients (p = 0.006).

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Proliferative activity and number of clonal chromosome aberrations in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.

Thymidine labelling indices (LI) and the number of clonal chromosome aberrations were assessed in fine-needle aspirates from enlarged lymph nodes in 22 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). 11 patients had LI greater than 3.0 (median 8.4) and 11 others had LI less than 3.0 (median 1.0). Three categories of chromosome aberration were recorded: normal karyotype, 1-5 aberrations, and greater than or equal to 6 aberrations or multiple complex changes. The distribution of these categories was different among the patients with LI greater than 3.0 compared to those with LI less than 3.0 (p = 0.02). 8 of 11 patients with LI greater than 3.0 had greater than or equal to 6 or complex changes. The corresponding figures for patients with LI less than 3.0 were 2 out of 11. When 16 previously untreated patients were analysed separately, the median number of clonal aberrations was 6.5 in 8 patients with LI greater than 3.0 and 2.5 in 8 others with LI less than 3.0 (p = 0.025). The results suggest that early and spontaneous changes in the genetic material are common in lymphomas with a high proliferative activity. According to previous studies, therapeutic results are especially poor in NHL with high LI. It is proposed that a high proliferative activity of lymphoma cells facilitates an early development of several new mutants and that some of these may be resistant to chemotherapeutic agents.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

C-band heteromorphism in breast cancer patients.

The pattern of heteromorphism in the C-band-positive constitutive heterochromatin of human chromosomes #1, #9, and #16 was studied in peripheral lymphocytes of 54 breast cancer patients and 78 control individuals. The parameters of the heterochromatic regions analyzed were relative size, symmetry-asymmetry within homologous pairs, and prevalence of inversions. Significant differences between the two groups were found in C-band size of chromosomes #1, #9, and #16 and in incidence of inversions on chromosomes #1 and #9. Significant differences were noted between premenopausal and postmenopausal cancer patients in regard to inversions on chromosome #9 and between familial and sporadic patients in regard to C-band size on chromosome #16.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Molecular mechanisms for hormonal control of adipose tissue lipolysis.

The fast-acting lipolytic hormones and insulin regulate adipose tissue lipolysis through control of the activity of hormone-sensitive lipase. This enzyme catalyzes the rate limiting step of adipose tissue lipolysis--the hydrolysis of stored triacylglycerols. The isolated enzyme is rapidly phosphorylated and activated by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, with 1 mol of phosphate incorporated per mol of lipase Mr = 84000 subunit into a single serine residue. The enzyme is dephosphorylated and deactivated by protein phosphatases type 1, 2A and 2C. In the intact, isolated adipocytes the enzyme incorporates phosphate in the absence of hormonal stimulation into a specific 'basal' phosphorylation site. The phosphorylation of this 'basal' site (into a serine residue) is not accompanied with any change of the activity of the enzyme and is not influenced by hormones. The fast-acting lipolytic hormones induce a phosphorylation of another serine residue in a 'regulatory' phosphorylation site, which is identical to that phosphorylated in the isolated enzyme by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. Following the phosphorylation of the 'regulatory' site the activity of the lipase, and consequently the rate of lipolysis, is increased almost 50-fold. Insulin causes a rapid net dephosphorylation of the lipase and exerts its well-known anti-lipolytic action. Half-maximal inhibition of both phosphorylation and activity occurs at an insulin concentration of about 25 pM. The mechanism(s) whereby insulin causes its effects is unknown but apparently to a large extent involve reduction of the cellular cyclic AMP level.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1984

Direct evidence for protein phosphatase-catalyzed dephosphorylation/deactivation of hormone-sensitive lipase from adipose tissue.

Incubation of purified hormone-sensitive lipase, 32P-phosphorylated with the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and [gamma-32P]ATP-Mg2+, with partially purified protein phosphatase from the same tissue caused a rapid decrease of the 32P content of the enzyme protein. Deactivation of the lipase towards emulsified trioleoylglycerol was temporally related to the dephosphorylation with approx. 80% decrease of both phosphorylation and activity within 30 min. Addition of ATP-Mg and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase to the dephosphorylated lipase was shown to rephosphorylate and reactivate the enzyme. These findings are the first direct demonstration of reversible protein phosphatase-catalyzed dephosphorylation/deactivation of hormone-sensitive lipase.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1984

Hypophyseal tumor and gynecomastia preceding bilateral breast cancer development in a man.

The case is reported of a 48-year-old man who, 26 years after treatment for a hypophyseal tumor and 11 years after the onset of bilateral gynecomastia, developed cancer of the left breast. Ten years after the first breast cancer operation a new cancer developed in his right breast. Hormonal investigation at the time of the second breast cancer operation revealed a low S-FSH and a relative estrogen excess compared to testosterone. Values of thyroid and adrenal hormones were essentially normal, while P-prolactin was elevated. Stimulatory tests of the hypophyseal function were in accordance with a partial hypophyseal insufficiency affecting the hypophyseal-gonadal axis. Also, a weak elevation of S-HGH was noted by an insulin tolerance test. Immunohistochemical analysis of the pituitary tumor 36 years later showed that the tumor could be classified as a prolactinoma. Cytogenetic analysis revealed a normal male chromosome karyotype.

Adenocarcinoma↗