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Biomedical subjects

H Olsson

Publications and source records attributed to H Olsson.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Proliferation and DNA ploidy in malignant breast tumors in relation to early oral contraceptive use and early abortions.

In 175 premenopausal breast cancer patients, a history of oral contraceptive (OC) use before 20 years of age was significantly associated with higher tumor cell proliferative activity, as indicated by a higher S-phase fraction (SPF), and a higher fraction of DNA aneuploid tumors, compared with later or never users (P = 0.05 and p = 0.01, respectively). The higher SPF among early OC users was apparent in patients with aneuploid tumors but not in patients with euploid tumors. Abortions (spontaneous or induced) before the first full-term pregnancy also were associated with a higher SPF compared with other young patients with breast cancer (P = 0.03). Adjusting for parity and abortions or OC use, respectively, an early OC use was associated with a 43% higher SPF and early abortions were associated with 49% higher SPF. Younger patients had a higher SPF and a higher frequency of aneuploid tumors, but this was found to be because the users of OC had a lower median age at diagnosis. Among never users, no significant age relationship was seen for SPF or the frequency of aneuploidy. For the DNA analyses there is a selection of patients with breast cancer with larger tumors, and therefore the conclusions drawn in this article may not be generalizable to patients with smaller primary tumors, e.g., cases diagnosed at breast cancer screening. The higher tumor proliferative activity and frequency of aneuploidy in early OC users are in line with previously reported findings of worse prognostic indicators and a worse survival in early users of OC compared with other young women with breast cancer.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1991

Purification of rat liver plasma membranes by wheat-germ-agglutinin affinity partitioning.

Rat liver plasma membranes were separated from other cellular membranes by affinity partitioning in an aqueous polymer two-phase system by using the lectin wheat-germ agglutinin covalently bound to dextran as the affinity ligand. In borate buffer the bulk of membranes partitioned in the poly(ethylene glycol)-rich top phase, whereas plasma membranes were pulled selectively into the dextran-rich bottom phase in the presence of ligand. The purity and yield of plasma membranes prepared by lectin affinity partitioning and by conventional sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation was similar, as judged from marker-enzyme activities. The affinity procedure, not dependent on lengthy centrifugations, is fast and gentle and will be advantageous when studying labile components.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Left handedness is uncommon in breast cancer patients.

Left handedness was found to be significantly less common among patients with breast cancer in southern Sweden (1.5%) than among a female referent population (5%) (P less than 0.0025). The findings lend support to theories suggesting that hormonal factors in early life are of importance both for handedness and for the risk of breast cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Purification of liver membranes highly enriched in phosphatidylinositol kinase.

Membranes highly enriched in phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) kinase were purified from rat liver by sucrose density gradient centrifugation of a plasma membrane-depleted microsomal fraction. PtdIns kinase-containing membranes had a lower density than membranes containing Golgi and plasma membrane markers, both in sucrose and Nycodenz gradients, without being completely resolved from these other membranes. They also had a lower density than an endosomal marker. Furthermore, lectin affinity partitioning showed that PtdIns kinase did not reside in plasma membranes. PtdIns kinase in different membrane fractions was of type II and had similar kinetic properties. We suggest that the isolated membranes are the major site for phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate formation in the liver cell, and that these membranes are part of the exocytic pathway. Thus, PtdIns kinase might be a convenient marker for the exocytic process.

1-Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase↗
PubMed1991

Association of INT2/HST1 coamplification in primary breast cancer with hormone-dependent phenotype and poor prognosis.

The human proto-oncogene INT2 (homologous to the mouse INT2 gene, implicated in proviral induced mammary carcinoma) has been mapped to chromosome 11q13 and found to share band localisation with, among others, the HST1 proto-oncogene. Both genes are members of the fibroblast growth factor family. In the present study, coamplification (2-15 copies) of the INT2/HST1 genes was found in 27 (9%) of 311 invasive human breast carcinomas using slot blot and Southern blot analyses. Amplification was not correlated to tumour size, axillary lymph node status or stage of disease, neither to patient age nor menopausal status. However, 26 (96%) of the 27 amplified tumours were, often strongly, Oestrogen receptor positive compared to 65% of the unamplified cases (P = 0.001). These findings are in sharp contrast to the strong correlations of HER-2/neu proto-oncogene amplification with advanced stage and steroid receptor negativity, previously observed in the same series of tumours. Patients with INT2/HST1 amplified breast cancer had a significantly shorter disease-free survival compared to those with unamplified genes (P = 0.015, median follow up 45 months). This correlation was confined to node-negative patients and persisted in multivariate analysis. No significant correlation to survival from breast cancer was found. It is concluded that amplification of the 11q13 region in breast cancer occurs in a particular subset of aggressive tumours, quite different from that identified by HER-2/neu amplification. It still remains to be shown that the selection for amplified genes at 11q13 is due to the activity of INT2, HST1 or yet another, still unidentified, neighbouring gene. However, the results are potentially of clinical value in separating a group of node-negative breast cancer for more intense treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Can combined oral contraceptives be made more effective by means of a nursing care model?

This manuscript is a theoretical attempt to show how the Neuman Systems Model can be practically used in combined oral contraceptive counselling by Swedish midwives. Counselling regarding combined oral contraceptives is not solely of a medical nature. There are many dimensions of care, namely sociological, developmental and philosophical. In 1980, the midwife in Sweden was responsible for between 70-80% of counselling in contraceptive methods. To facilitate the contraceptive counselling by the midwives, the Neuman Systems Model can be used as a theoretical aid. In the present report, the midwife's oral contraceptive counselling is described at an individual level with primary prevention. It is concluded that, from a theoretical standpoint, it is not possible to predict how the Neuman Systems Model, as a theoretical aid for the midwife, can increase the effectiveness of the birth control pill in preventing pregnancy. Research about the use of the nursing care model in oral contraceptive counselling should be carried out.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Objective and subjective efficacy of saliva substitutes containing mucin and carboxymethylcellulose.

The lubrication properties of mucin and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)-containing saliva substitutes and water were evaluated in a double-blind trial. After mouthrinsing with the substitutes, the patients answered a questionnaire (subjective effect) and the change of oral mucosal friction was measured with a probe (objective effect). Mucin and CMC-containing saliva substitutes showed almost the same objective effects, with changed friction values of about 15 min, which was more than twice as long as for water. Both water and the two saliva substitutes relieved the symptoms of dry mouth to some extent but they did not have a sufficiently long-lasting effect.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

A new device for measuring oral mucosal surface friction--reference values.

Sialometry and dryness measurements performed with a sliding friction instrument were carried out in healthy subjects and patients with oral dryness due to salivary gland diseases. The salivary flow rates were within normal reference values. The mean friction value in the healthy population was 1.73 +/- 0.37 in the lip mucosa and 1.25 +/- 0.31 in the buccal mucosa and did not show any age or sex differences. In the group of patients with salivary gland diseases, none produced measurable amounts of resting saliva but a few of them did produce small amounts of paraffin wax chewing-stimulated saliva. The friction instrument proved to register lubrication produced even by these very small amounts of saliva.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The effect of a chewing gum on salivary secretion, oral mucosal friction, and the feeling of dry mouth in xerostomic patients.

A new chewing gum (PTC) with the ability to release flavoring substances for a rather long time was tested for its ability to stimulate saliva secretion. The chewing gum is mildly flavored and contains non-cariogenic sweeteners (xylitol and sorbitol). Measurements of saliva secretion rate and oral mucosal sliding friction and subjective evaluations on visual analog scales were made in relation to chewing and compared with those when chewing a commercially available gum (V6). The study was a randomized, crossover comparison with blind evaluation. Both chewing gums stimulated saliva secretion and decreased oral mucosal friction. The PTC gum gave consistently higher mean values of saliva secretion rate and lower oral mucosal friction values than V6. The difference was statistically significant for the saliva secretion rate and most pronounced after 5-10 min of chewing. There was also a statistically significant difference between the subjective evaluations of V6 and PTC with regard to saliva-stimulating ability and taste in favor of the PTC gum.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Tissue kallikrein stimulates mucociliary activity in the rabbit maxillary sinus.

The in vivo effect of tissue kallikrein on the mucociliary activity in the rabbit maxillary sinus was investigated administering the substance (0.1-5 mU/kg) via a. maxillaris and recording the response with a non-invasive photoelectric technique. Tissue kallikrein accelerated mucociliary activity, with a maximum response for the dose 5 mU/kg (33.7 +/- 13.4% from basal levels, n = 5). The effect had a latency of abut 1 min, with a peak within 2-3 min after the beginning of the administration. The response to tissue kallikrein displayed tachyphylaxis with a second dose producing a weaker response. Pretreatment with the protease inhibitor aprotinin (10,000 KIU bolus/kg) inhibited the action of tissue kallikrein. Tissue kallikrein probably stimulates mucociliary activity by producing lysylbradykinin from kininogen. Bradykinin has in an earlier study been shown to stimulate mucociliary activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

ERBB2 amplification in breast cancer with a high rate of proliferation.

The ERBB2 proto-oncogene was studied in 539 invasive primary breast tumors and was found amplified (2- greater than 30 copies) in 19%. Amplification was correlated to most known risk factors, including; large tumor size, lymph node positivity and many tumor involved nodes, advanced stage, low patient age (less than 40 years), non-diploidy and hypertetraploidy, and most significantly (P less than 0.00001) to the absence of steroid receptors and to a high rate of proliferation (flow cytometric determined S phase fraction). ERBB2 amplification was strongly associated (P less than 0.0001) with early recurrence and death in breast cancer among node-positive patients. This connection did not, however, remain in multivariate analyses. No correlations to clinical outcome were seen among node-negative patients. Similarly, non-diploid, but not diploid, amplified tumors were particularly aggressive. Furthermore, ERBB2 amplification was associated with a high rate of proliferation and poor prognosis in steroid receptor positive, but not receptor negative tumors. In progesterone receptor positive breast cancer, amplification was an independent and with node status equally powerful (P less than 0.0001) predictor of poor survival. It is concluded that ERBB2 activity is related to an increased tumor growth rate but not directly to metastasizing ability. Its clinical relevance as a prognostic factor may be in selecting a high risk subgroup of breast cancer, in general considered as being of good prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Early oral contraceptive use and premenopausal breast cancer--a review of studies performed in southern Sweden.

In southern Sweden, extensive oral contraceptive use (OC use) among young women was a reality during the 1960s, thus making our region especially suited for studies investigating the hypothesis that early OC use is associated with the development of premenopausal breast cancer after a possible latency time between the exposure and the disease. The results of this study revealed that the risk of developing premenopausal breast cancer in women, who during the 1960s used the pill as teenagers, is five times greater than nonusers. The risk for early users is further modified by the duration of use at an early age, implying a dose-response relationship. Later use of OCs is not associated with an increased risk for the disease. Women with breast cancer, who at an early age have used the pill, have larger breast tumors, lower estrogen receptor concentrations of their primary tumor, and a worse prognosis compared with later and nonusers with breast cancer. The incidence of breast cancer in Sweden rapidly increased in women 25 to 40 years of age between 1970 and 1984. Conventional risk factors or a change in diagnostic activities of breast cancer cannot explain the increase in incidence which could be due to the OC exposure. Studies on the risk with modern OCs must wait another 20 years because of a too short latency time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Indicators of prognosis in node-negative breast cancer.

Measures of the proliferative activity of tumor cells have prognostic value in patients with node-negative breast cancer. We studied 367 women in southern Sweden who had undergone surgical resection for such cancer. Tumor specimens were analyzed with DNA flow cytometry in order to estimate both the DNA content (ploidy) and the fraction of cells in the synthetic phase of the cell cycle (S phase). The median duration of follow-up was four years; 28 percent of the patients received adjuvant therapy, usually with tamoxifen (n = 83). A multivariate analysis based on complete data on 250 patients included the following covariates: age (greater than or equal to 75, 50 to 74, and less than or equal to 49 years), tumor size (less than or equal to 20 vs. greater than 20 mm), concentration of estrogen and progesterone receptors (less than 10 vs. greater than or equal to 10 fmol per milligram of protein), ploidy (diploid vs. nondiploid), and S-phase category (fraction of cells in S phase: less than 7.0 percent, 7.0 to 11.9 percent, and greater than or equal to 12 percent). The S-phase fraction yielded the most prognostic information, followed by progesterone-receptor status and tumor size. A prognostic model based on these three variables identified 37 percent of the patients as constituting a high-risk group with a fourfold increased risk of distant recurrence. In the remaining 63 percent of the patients, the five-year overall survival rate (92 +/- 4 [+/- SE] percent) did not differ from the expected age-adjusted rate for Swedish women. We conclude that a prognostic index that includes indicators of the proliferative activity of tumor cells may be able to identify women with node-negative breast cancer in whom the risk of recurrence is sufficiently low that adjuvant chemotherapy can be avoided.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) levels in HL-60 cells during differentiation into granulocytes and monocytes.

1. Diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) levels were determined in HL-60 cells differentiating into granulocytes or monocytes after treatment for 0-7 days with retinoic acid (RA) or 4-beta-phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) respectively. 2. The levels increased significantly compared to untreated control cells within 2 days and then declined again. 3. In RA treated cells the levels finally decreased far below those of untreated HL-60 cells and became equal to those found in human granulocytes. 4. PMA treatment had no effect on Ap4A levels in human granulocytes. 5. A possible interaction between Ap4A and ADP-ribosyl transferase is discussed.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1990

Mitotic activity and survival in advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of unfavourable histology.

The number of mitoses per high power field (mitotic index, MI) was assessed in 2 microns sections of lymph node biopsies from 58 adults with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. All had diffuse nodal lymphomas of unfavourable histology and stage II-IV disease. The patients were treated with chemotherapy and followed for a minimum of 3 years or until death. None out of 29 patients with a MI greater than or equal to 3.0 survived for 3 years after diagnosis whereas 13 out of 29 other patients with MI less than 3.0 became long-term survivors (P = 0.00002). Differences in age, sex or clinical stage between short- and long-term survivors were negligible. The initial chemotherapy regimens were not more intense for the long-term survivors. Twenty-nine patients were given an equivalent initial treatment with CHOP or CHOP plus methotrexate. The association between MIs and survival was evident also in this subgroup. The results indicate that survival is extremely poor for patients with advanced diffuse nodal lymphomas of unfavourable histology and a high mitotic count. It seems especially important to evaluate alternative chemotherapy regimens, suggested to be more effective than current programmes, in this subset of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Rising incidence of breast cancer among young women in Sweden.

The national Swedish cancer registry was used to analyse the age-specific time trends in breast cancer incidence in Sweden from 1970 to 1984. The analysis included both a calendar year and a birth cohort approach to estimate time trends in disease occurrence. According to the birth cohort approach there was a statistically significant increase in the incidence with an average annual increase of the incidence of 3.2% (P = 0.0114), 3.4% (P = 0.0002) and 2.2% (P = 0.0264) in the age groups 25-29, 30-34 and 35-39, respectively. Possible causes of the observed increasing incidence are discussed.

Adult↗