Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H Olsen

Publications and source records attributed to H Olsen.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Stress management: a multimodal approach.

This newly developed stress-management program evolved from study of the three major trends in stress research: psychological, physiological and sociological. Primarily geared to managers in an industrial setting, this program helps the individuals to reduce physiological tension via autohypnosis and alter stress-producing behaviors through a number of cognitive restructuring techniques. A variety of philosophical issues are raised that relate to 'type A' behavior focusing on 'the hurry syndrome', aggression and a general balance in 'life tasks'. In addition, there is an educational component and participants are acquainted with their 'health probabilities' in terms of life style, weight, smoking and other factors. This multimodal program follows participants over a 2-year period to reinforce psycho-behavioral changes.

Cognition↗
PubMed1979

Pseudomonas cepacia bacteraemia due to intrinsic contamination of an anaesthetic. Bacteriological and serological observations.

In November-December 1977 an epidemic of bacteraemia due to P. cepacia was observed in Odense, Denmark (nine patients), and in Nijmegen, Holland (seven patients). All patients recovered. The epidemic was traced to intrinsic contamination of two batches of the anaesthetic fentanyl. All isolates from the patients and from the two batches belonged to the same biotype, had identical sensitivity patterns, and identical antigens. The P. cepacia strain differed from stock strains in being able to grow in two passages in methyl-p-hydroxi-benzoate, 0.5 mg/ml, which promoted the growth of the microorganism: inocula of 2-20 cfu were sufficient to initiate growth in the drug or preservative. These facts indicate the inadvisability of using p-hydroxi-benzoates as preservatives in vials. The strain was inhibited at temperatures above 38.5 degrees C, corresponding to the recovery of the patients after a period with fever above 39 degrees C. Fourteen out of 15 patients examined had agglutinin titres greater than or equal to 320, while 36 blood donors had titres less than 40. Of 12 patients with postoperative fever in the same period whose blood cultures did not yield P. cepacia, three had titres greater than 320.

Anesthetics↗
PubMed1979

Pseudomonas cepacia in 16 non-fatal cases of postoperative bacteremia derived from intrinsic contamination of the anaesthetic fentanyl. Clinical and epidemiological observations in Denmark and Holland.

From Nov. 15 to Dec. 17, 1977, Pseudomonas cepacia was isolated from the blood of 16 patients in Odense, Denmark, and Nijmegen, Holland, 2--5 days after an operation with general anaesthesia. The fever started 14--70 h after operation and lasted 2--4 days. All patients recovered. 14/15 patients examined 7--51 days later had agglutinating antibody titres of 400-3,200 against the epidemic strain. Ps. cepacia with identical biochemical characters and sensitivity pattern was isolated from unbroken vials containing the anaesthetic fentanyl, which had been given to all 16 patients. Two batches were contaminated, one heavily so (10(4)--10(5) cfu/0.1 ml). Seven other batches examined yielded no growth. The preservative added to the vials was a mixture of methyl- and propyl-p-hydroxybenzoates which not only allowed growth of the Ps. cepacia strain but could also serve as a carbon source as did citric and malonic acids. The concentration of preservative was not reduced in contaminated vials. The vials had not been sterilized after closure; too much reliance had been placed on an aseptic technique and insufficient preservatives.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Ethanol-induced increase in drug acetylation in man and isolated rat liver cells.

Sixteen healthy volunteers took part in a cross-over study examining the effect of ethanol on the rate of sulphadimidine acetylation (blood ethanol concentration about 1 g/1). In both rapid and slow acetylators the apparent half life of the drug decreased by about 20% after ethanol (mean reduction 39 +/- SE 8 min) and the amount of drug acetylated, measured in blood and urine, increased. In three slow acetylators the rate of acetylation in blood increased so noticeably after ethanol that they would otherwise have been classified as rapid acetylators. Suspensions of isolated rat liver cells showed an increase of about 30% in the rate of sulphadimidine acetylation after the addition of ethanol (2 g/1). Patients' usual alcohol consumption should be taken into account in determining their acetylator status.

Acetates↗
PubMed1978

Lack of effect of fever on antipyrine oxidation in the rat.

The pharmacokinetics of 14C-antipyrine were studied in rats with fever induced by intracerebroventricular injections of prostaglandin E1. The rats were used as their own controls with at least 5 days between the control and the fever period. The effect of temperature on rates of antipyrine metabolism (oxidation followed by conjugation) and paracetamol metabolism (conjugation) was also tested in suspensions of isolated liver cells. Fever increased the biological half-life of antipyrine to 147% of control values (P less than 0.01) and the apparent volume of distribution to 113% of control values (P less than 0.05). In individual rats the increase in biological half-life was most counterbalanced by the increase in apparent volume of distribution, resulting in non-significant changes in the metabolic clearance of the drug. The half-life of antipyrine elimination in suspensions of isolated liver cells was not changed by increasing the temperature from 29 to 39 degrees C. The half-life of paracetamol elimination in suspensions of isolated liver cells decreased, however, when the temperature was increased from 29 to 39 degrees C. The results suggest that antipyrine oxidation was not influenced by temperature changes in the range of moderate fever and that temperature changes affected different types of metabolic reactions differently.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Bacteroides bacteraemia. A clinical and bacteriological analysis of 51 patients.

During a 7-year period Bacteroides bacteraemia was found in 51 patients, corresponding to 1.9% of all patients with positive blood cultures. Many patients had serious underlying diseases, most frequently in the gastrointestinal tract, and 80% were subjected to surgery. Frequent clinical findings were shock (27%), phlebitis (24%) and jaundice (22%). The overall mortality was 55%. Increased mortality was associated with shock, advanced age and phlebitis. Bacteroides fragilis, showing a very homogeneous biochemical pattern, was the species most frequently isolated. The strains were sensitive to chloramphenicol and tetracycline, and as a rule also to erythromycin. It was confirmed that Bacteroides isolated from the blood usually indicates true bacteraemia.

Adolescent↗