Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H Okazaki

Publications and source records attributed to H Okazaki.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Progress of caloric response of vestibular neuronitis.

Progress of caloric response and subjective symptoms of 60 patients with vestibular neuronitis was evaluated by a long term follow-up study. Normalization of caloric responses was confirmed in 25 (41.7%) out of 60 patients, 20 of whom had recovered within 2 years of the onset of vertigo. The rate of the patients with canal paresis was about 90% after 1 month of the onset, and 80% after 6 months, while 50% of them still showed canal paresis after 5 or 10 years had passed. Complete relief from subjective symptoms was recognized in 34 (56.7%) cases during the follow-up period. We conclude that the prognosis of vestibular neuronitis is not always good, because vestibular function did not recover within normal levels in about half of the patients in spite of complete relief from subjective symptoms in many of them.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Detection of HSV-I nucleic acids in rat vestibular ganglia.

Rats were infected with HSV-I through the middle ear. DNA and RNA were extracted from the vestibular ganglia, trigeminal ganglia, cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem in the productive or latent state after inoculation. DNA and RNA were applied for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect HSV-I genomes. In particular, in the RNA PCR, the latent-associated transcript (LAT) mRNA, which is said to be present in the cervical or trigeminal ganglia at much lower levels during the productive state, was detected. In the productive state, DNA was clearly detected in all samples whereas LAT was detected only in the trigeminal ganglion on the inoculated side, cerebrum and cerebellum. In the latent state, DNA was detected in the vestibular ganglion only on the inoculated side, bilateral trigeminal ganglia, cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem; LAT was detected in the vestibular ganglion on the inoculated side, the bilateral trigeminal ganglia and brainstem. These data indicate that HSV-I can establish latent infection in the vestibular ganglia in a similar way as in the cervical or trigeminai ganglia.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Experimental reactivation of HSV-I in rat vestibular ganglia.

Rats with no clinical symptoms after inoculation were administered with cyclophosphamide in order to reactivate HSV-I in the vestibular ganglia. After this immunosuppression, the vestibular ganglia, trigeminal ganglia, cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem were examined immunohistologically in order to detect HSV-I. HSV-I antigen could not be detected by using indirect immunofluorescence or the ABC method, however, it could be detected by using the PCR method. In this study, latent infection of HSV-I was shown but reactivation could not be established. We need further investigations to determine the reactivation of HSV-I in the vestibular ganglia, to obtain an animal model of vestibular neuronitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Paranasal sinusitis due to Pasteurella multocida].

A case of paranasal sinusitis due to Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) is reported. A 39-year-old woman presented with chief complaints of rhinorrhea and headache. The patient kept a cat in her house and kept such close contact with it as to wake up by being licked every morning. Bacteriological examination revealed P. multocida isolated from her nasal discharge and also from the saliva of the cat kept by the patient. The two isolates were compatible with respect to biochemical properties, serotype and drug susceptibility. Therefore, P. multocida infection in this case was considered to have originated from the pet cat. P. multocida infection has been increasing recently. One of the reasons is a pet boom. In order to prevent acquiring the infection from a pet animal, we should have knowledge about this infection, advise the patient to avoid close contact with pets, and provide valuable information concerning these problems to society from the viewpoint of zoonosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Relationship between aseptic necrosis of femoral head bone and immunosuppression therapy, especially CsA administration].

We reviewed 224 patients, who underwent kidney transplantation to investigate relationship between aseptic necrosis (AN) and administration of steroid, Cyclosporin A (CsA), body weight gain. We classified patients into 4 groups by the type of immunosuppressant: the AP group had received Azathioprine (AZ) + Prednisolone (Pre); the CP group, CsA + Pre; the ACP group, AZ + CsA + Pre; and others. There were total 24 AN patients (10.7%). The incidences of AN is 18% in the CP group, 9.3% in the AP group and 0% in the ACP group. In the AP group, weight gain at 1 and 2 month after transplantation and cumulative steroid dose at 3, 4, 5 and 6 month after transplantation correlated with AN. In the patients with AN of the CP and ACP groups, CsA doses per kilogram of body were higher than those in patients without AN at 5, 6 and 12 month after transplantation. In the CP group, the incidence of AN is significantly higher, and administration dose of CsA was higher than that in the ACP group. However steroid dose and body weight gain were lower in the CP group. Therefore AN was associated with CsA in the CP group. In contrast, AN correlated with weight gain and early high cumulative steroid dose administration in the AP group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[A concomitant operation of aorto-coronary bypass graft and lung cancer: report of a case].

A case of a 66-year-old man with ischemic heart disease and lung cancer is reported. Chest roentgenogram revealed an irregular 2.8 x 2.0 cm mass in the right upper lobe. Coronary angiography showed 75-90% stenosis of the left anterior descending artery, and these lesions was suspected to cause perioperative myocardial infarction. A concomitant operation of aorto-coronary bypass graft and right upper lobectomy was performed through median sternotomy. A concomitant operation must be considered to be definitive and ideally preferable in selected cases.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Negative regulation of hepatocyte growth factor gene expression in human lung fibroblasts and leukemic cells by transforming growth factor-beta 1 and glucocorticoids.

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a mesenchymal-derived factor which regulates growth, motility, and morphogenesis of epithelial and endothelial cells, functions as a hepatotrophic and renotrophic factor for regeneration of the liver and kidney. We have now obtained evidence that transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and glucocorticoids are negative regulators for HGF gene expression. When TGF-beta 1 or dexamethasone was added to cultures of MRC-5 human embryonic lung fibroblasts and HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemic cells, the amount of HGF secreted into the culture medium was inhibited to 30-40% of that of control cultures by 10 ng/ml TGF-beta 1 and to 40-50% by 10(-6) M dexamethasone. The inhibitory effect of TGF-beta 1 and dexamethasone on HGF synthesis in MRC-5 cells was additive, thereby suggesting that TGF-beta 1 and dexamethasone exert effects through distinct mechanisms. Hydrocortisone also inhibited HGF synthesis with the same potency as dexamethasone; however, testosterone, estriol, and beta-estradiol had no effect. The rate of HGF synthesis in MRC-5 cells, as measured by pulse labeling with [35S]methionine and subsequent immunoprecipitation, was suppressed to 30-40% of the control with 10 ng/ml TGF-beta 1, and to 30-45% by 10(-6) M dexamethasone. HGF mRNA levels in MRC-5 cells and HL-60 cells were dose-dependently suppressed by TGF-beta 1 and dexamethasone; 10 ng/ml TGF-beta 1 suppressed HGF mRNA levels to 32% and 35% of control culture, respectively, in MRC-5 cells and HL-60 cells, and 10(-6) M dexamethasone suppressed to 43% and 38%, respectively. Thus, TGF-beta 1 and glucocorticoids seem to inhibit HGF synthesis by suppressing the expression of the HGF gene. We propose that a negative regulation of HGF gene expression by TGF-beta 1 or glucocorticoids may be involved in physiological or pathological processes during tissue regeneration.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Cleavage of hexokinase II to two domains by trypsin without significant change in catalytic activity.

Hexokinase II prepared from Ehrlich-Lettre hyperdiploid tumor cells (ELD cells) was subjected to a limited digestion by trypsin. After 60 min digestion, hexokinase II (100 kDa) was completely cleaved to two fragments with the molecular weight of about 60 kDa and 40 kDa as manifested in SDS-PAGE. It was noteworthy that the enzyme activity was observed even at the time when the native enzyme molecule was no more detectable. These fragments were separated by SDS-PAGE irrespective of the presence of a reducing agent, but neither by native PAGE nor by cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis under the nondenaturing conditions. Neither kinetic parameters such as Km values for ATP and glucose nor an ability of binding to mitochondria were changed significantly by the tryptic digestion. These results indicate that an essential conformation of hexokinase II can be restored by the self-association of two fragments produced as a result of the cleavage by trypsin at the middle of the molecule. Affinity labeling with 2',3'-dialdehyde ATP followed by the trypsin digestion showed that ATP binding site resided in the 40 kDa fragment. Furthermore, the mode of the response in the incorporation of this ATP analog to hexose phosphate, moreover, was similar to that in the catalytic activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Up-regulation of hepatocyte growth factor gene expression by interleukin-1 in human skin fibroblasts.

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) functions as a hepatotrophic and renotrophic factor for regeneration of the liver and kidney. When 1 ng/ml of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) or interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) was added to cultures of human skin fibroblasts, the production of HGF was 5-6 fold higher than levels in the controls. HGF mRNA level in the cells was increased to 4-fold higher levels at 6 h after exposure to IL-1 alpha. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma but no other cytokine tested had slightly stimulatory effects on HGF production. The tumor promoter, tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) markedly enhanced the stimulatory effect of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta on the production of HGF. The stimulatory effect of both IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta and the synergistical stimulation with TPA were completely abrogated by 10 ng/ml TGF-beta 1 or 1 microM dexamethasone. These results suggest that IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta are positive regulators for expression of the HGF gene and are likely have a role in regeneration of tissues following the occurrence of inflammatory diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

CD3+4-8- alpha beta T cell population with biased T cell receptor V gene usage. Presence in bone marrow and possible involvement of IL-3 for their extrathymic development.

Analysis of TCR of a series of CD4-8- (double negative; DN) alpha beta T cell lines induced with IL-3 revealed that their V gene usage was biased for V alpha 4 and V beta 2. This has been confirmed in the primary short-term cultures. Thus, IL-3 induced the generation of DN alpha beta T cells with predominant V beta 2 gene expression from the CD4+/CD8+ T cell-depleted spleen or bone marrow (BM) cells of both normal and nude BALB/c mice within 10 days. It was further indicated that the V beta 2+ beta-chain genes contained few junctional N regions in both IL-3-induced primary DN alpha beta T cells and continuous lines. Search for the in vivo counterpart of in vitro IL-3-induced DN alpha beta T cells revealed that BM, but not spleens, of normal BALB/c and B6 mice did contain a significant proportion of DN alpha beta T cells, and that the majority of them expressed V beta 2+ beta-chain genes with few junctional N regions. The presence of V beta 2+ DN alpha beta T cells was similarly observed in the BM of BALB/c nude mice, but their proportion varied markedly among various strains of mice, which was not linked to H-2 haplotypes. The results indicated that V beta 2+ DN alpha beta T cells in the BM represented one of the thymus-independent T cell populations, whose development was under the major histocompatibility Ag complex-unlinked genetic control. TCR of these T cells were shown to be functional as judged by the proliferative response to anti-V beta 2 antibody. Taken together, present results suggested that IL-3 could induce differentiation and/or proliferation of DN alpha beta T cells with uniquely limited repertoire, which existed preferentially in BM in vivo, and implied the possible involvement of extrathymic endogenous ligands as a positive selection force.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Barbiturates suppress glucose utilization by inhibition of hexokinase in neuroblastoma cells.

Exposure to the pentobarbital potently inhibited the 2-deoxy glucose uptake in cultured neuroblastoma cells. The inhibition was assumed to be due to saturation of the uptake in the early stage where the incorporation was linear in the nontreated cells. On the contrary, the incorporation of 3-O-methyl glucose, another glucose analog which is not phosphorylated by hexokinase, was not altered by the treatment with pentobarbital. These results suggest that the suppression of hexokinase is involved in the above-mentioned effect of pentobarbital.

3-O-Methylglucose↗
PubMed1992

Multicentre trial of ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation. Japanese Biosynsorb ABO-incompatible kidney transplant study group.

A multicentre study of ABO incompatible kidney transplantation using Biosynsorb was started in Japan in November 1989. A total of 51 cases were registered comprising 23 cases of A incompatibility, 26 cases of B incompatibility and two cases of AB incompatibility. The removal of antibodies (IgG and IgM) was carried out using Biosynsorb in 16 cases, plasmapheresis in four cases and use of both combined in 31 cases. The treatment using Biosynsorb was repeated 3.4 times on average. Serum titres of anti-A (IgG and IgM) antibodies decreased to 4.9 +/- 5.0 and 2.7 +/- 1.7 and for anti-B titres decreased to 2.8 +/- 3.5 and 2.4 +/- 3.2. Rejection was found in 33 cases: hyperacute one, accelerated acute five, and acute 27. In two cases rejection was developed concomitantly with a steep elevation in antibody titres. Three patients died, two with functioning grafts. Eight grafts were lost. Patient and graft survivals at 2 years were 94.1% and 84.3%, respectively. From these results it is concluded that: 1. Biosynsorb and plasmapheresis are effective in removing anti-A and anti-B antibodies; 2. graft and patient survivals are similar to those in ABO compatible cases; 3. anti-A and anti-B titres less than 16 are recommended at the time of transplantation; 4. anti-A and anti-B titres higher than 128 may be considered as a risk factor for rejection in the early stages after transplantation.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1992

The Japanese Interferon Study Group (JISG) has established the efficacy of human interferon-beta for serious CMV pneumonitis in kidney recipients. Japanese Interferon Study Group.

The Japanese Interferon Study Group (JISG) is a research organization formed by 30 special hospitals for organ transplantation. A joint multi-centre, double-blind trial was conducted in order to investigate the efficacy of human interferon-beta (HuIFN-beta) against serious cytomegalovirus pneumonitis in kidney recipients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Basophilic inclusions in sporadic juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an immunocytochemical and ultrastructural study.

This report concerns immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies on the basophilic inclusions in two cases of sporadic juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The inclusion had a globular, irregular-shaped, or sometimes fragmented appearance. Ultra-structurally, the inclusions consisted mainly of thick filamentous structures associated with granules. Focal neurofilamentous accumulations were occasionally observed among the granulofilamentous structures. The basophilic inclusions occasionally showed granular reaction product deposits with an antibody to ubiquitin. The inclusions did not react with antibodies to phosphorylated neurofilament and to tau protein.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Reye's syndrome in Olmsted County, Minnesota: did it exist before 1963?

In this study, our goals were to determine whether Reye's syndrome existed before the first published report of this entity in 1963 and to describe the long-term incidence and trend of this syndrome. Medical and pathologic records and pathologic specimens for Mayo Clinic patients, including those who were residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, were reviewed through the facilities of the Rochester Epidemiology Project. On review, 12 cases were identified for the period 1920 through 1962; 2 of these cases were in Olmsted County residents. Of the 12 cases identified before 1963, 10 were in patients younger than 5 years of age. In addition to the aforementioned two cases, five others in Olmsted County were diagnosed between 1963 and 1989. Incidence rates were computed for the Olmsted County population. The number of cases and rates per 100,000 persons younger than 18 years of age in that population were 2 cases (0.3) for 1920 through 1962, 4 cases (0.7) for 1963 through 1980, and 1 case (0.4) for 1981 through 1989. Although cases found during the earlier periods may have included disorders that mimic Reye's syndrome, the recommended criteria from the Centers for Disease Control were applied to review of medical records and supported by pathologic findings in the liver. The data showed an age distribution tending toward young patients and no seasonality of occurrence. The incidence rates in Olmsted County, Minnesota, showed an increase for 1963 through 1980 over previous decades, followed by a decrease. The small numbers preclude any conclusion about trends in the incidence rates.

Child↗