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Biomedical subjects

H Okazaki

Publications and source records attributed to H Okazaki.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Oxidative metabolism and phagocytosis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in patients with chronic renal failure.

The respiratory burst activity (generation of hydrogen peroxide) of peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in both phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated and unstimulated states and phagocytosis were assessed using flow cytometry on 46 patients with chronic renal failure: 33 patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis (CHD), 8 patients who have never been on dialysis (nonhemodialysis; NHD), 5 patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD); these patients were compared with 27 normal control subjects. In patients just before the initiation of dialysis, impaired hydrogen peroxide production by PMA-stimulated PMN and depressed phagocytosis were noted, which was restored to the control levels by hemodialysis. A mild but significant reduction of hydrogen peroxide production in a PMA-stimulated state was found in NHD patients, and an inverse correlation was noted between the impairment of this function and the degree of diminished renal function. There was no significant difference between CAPD patients and controls in hydrogen peroxide production by PMA-stimulated PMN. Decreased hydrogen peroxide production by unstimulated PMN was observed in both CHD and CAPD patients. These findings may explain, at least partly, the enhanced susceptibility to bacterial and fungal infections of these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase activity and collagen biosynthesis by fibrostatin C, a novel inhibitor produced by Streptomyces catenulae subsp. griseospora No. 23924.

Fibrostatin C, a novel prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor produced by Streptomyces catenulae subsp. griseospora No. 23924, inhibited the activity of purified chick embryo prolyl hydroxylase by about 50% at a concentration of 2.9 x 10(-5) M. The inhibition was mixed type with respect to (Pro-Pro-Gly)5 with a Ki of 2.1 x 10(-5) M. When an excess of ferrous ions or ascorbate was added to the reaction mixture, the inhibition was negligibly or slightly reversed, respectively. Fibrostatin C, when administered intraperitoneally at 1 mg/kg/day or orally at about 100 mg/kg/day as a dietary admixture, significantly inhibited estradiol-17 beta stimulated collagen biosynthesis in the uterus of the immature rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Synthesis of human factor XIIIa in bacterial cells.

The coding sequence for human factor XIIIa (FXIIIa) was introduced into Escherichia coli expression vectors. Bacterial cells transformed with the recombinant plasmids synthesized fusion proteins of the expected molecular weights and the proteins were shown to be immunoreactive with anti-FXIII antibodies. Furthermore, with the help of oligodeoxynucleotide synthesis, we constructed a plasmid which directs the synthesis of the human FXIIIa protein in the unfused form. Sequence determination at the aminoterminus of this protein revealed the identical sequence compared to placental FXIIIa. The protein is expressed intracellularly in a denatured and biologically inactive form. It constitutes approximately 2% of total cellular protein and can easily be purified by standard methods.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

[A study on pharmacokinetics, antimicrobial activity and clinical efficacy of sultamicillin in children].

Sultamicillin (SBTPC), a mutual prodrug for ampicillin (ABPC) and beta-lactamase inhibitor sulbactam (SBT), was evaluated for its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy. Pharmacokinetic studies were done in 2 subjects (a male and a female) following single oral administrations of 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg SBTPC fine granules after meal. Peak serum concentrations of ABPC and SBT in the 2 cases were 0.85 and 0.38 micrograms/ml and 3.74 and 3.79 micrograms/ml, respectively. Urinary excretion rates in 6 hours were 43.5-58.1% for ABPC and 33.6-53.6% for SBT. A total of 20 patients including 14 with respiratory infections, 1 with urinary tract infection and 5 with skin and soft tissue infections were treated with daily oral dose of 15.4-39.3 mg/kg SBTPC fine granules t.i.d. for 4 to 13 days. Responses were excellent in 5, good in 13 and fair in 2, hence the overall efficacy rate was 90.0%. Bacteriological responses were confirmed on 5 (62.5%) out of 8 strains which were eradicated by the treatment. SBTPC showed strong antibacterial activities against an ABPC-resistant strain of Escherichia coli. Side effects of the drug were observed in 3 patients: diarrhea in 2 and loose stool in 1. An abnormal laboratory test value, eosinophilia, was observed in only one patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical study on the effect of adjuvant immunochemotherapy using OK-432 and 5-FU in pharyngeal and laryngeal cancers].

A randomized controlled trial was carried out on 38 pharyngeal and 59 laryngeal previously untreated cancers to evaluate the effects of adjuvant immunochemotherapy using 5-FU with and without OK-432. After each fundamental therapy, 5-FU was given orally at a dose of 200-300 mg/day for more than a year. OK-432 was intracutaneously administered at a dose of 5KE once a week for more than a year. Three-year survival rates and disease-free intervals were estimated for the two groups. In cases of pharyngeal cancer, the 3-year survival rate was 58% in both groups and the disease-free interval rates for up to 3 years after the fundamental therapy was 49% in the OK-432 + 5-FU group and 52% in the 5-FU group. These results showed no statistically significant difference. In laryngeal cancers, the 3-year survival rate was 96% in the OK-432 + 5-FU group and 82% in the 5-FU group. These results also showed no statistically significant difference. The disease-free interval rates were 87% in the OK-432 + 5-FU group and 64% in the 5-FU group, revealing a statistically significant difference (p less than 0.1). This suggests that OK-432 is more effective in producing a higher survival rate in cases of laryngeal cancer.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

Antagonism by neuroleptics of serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 receptors of normal human brain in vitro.

Using radioligand binding techniques and human frontal cortex, we determined the equilibrium dissociation constants (KDs) of 17 neuroleptics at the serotonin 5-HT1A and serotonin 5-HT2 receptors with [3H]WB4101 and [3H]ketanserin, respectively. At the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor, the most and least potent neuroleptics were chlorprothixene (KD = 230 nM) and fluphenazine (KD = 40 microM), respectively. At the serotonin 5-HT2 receptor, the most and least potent neuroleptics were spiperone (KD = 0.38 nM) and molindone, (KD = 5 microM), respectively.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1987

Cerebral infarction as a result of tumor emboli.

Autopsy records at Mayo Clinic were reviewed to determine the pattern of cerebral infarction occurring as a consequence of nonmyxomatous tumor emboli. Between 1951 and 1984, there were seven adult patients who fulfilled the criteria: focal or multifocal neurologic disease of abrupt onset; systemic cancer; and pathologic demonstration of tumor emboli in appropriate vessels. Tumors originated from the lung in four patients and from the colon and hypopharynx in one each; in one patient the primary source was unknown. Five patients had carotid and two had vertebrobasilar system strokes. Two patients had at least one antecedent transient ischemic attack (TIA). Three patients presented with cerebral infarction as the initial manifestation of their cancer. In two patients, it occurred immediately after pneumonectomy. In four patients, cerebral infarction occurred in a setting of widespread systemic, including pulmonary, metastases. At postmortem examination, one patient had a single large basilar artery tumor embolus. The others had multiple large and small vessel tumor embolic occlusions. The anterior circulation was affected in three patients, the posterior circulation in two, and both circulations were affected in two. Four patients had additional brain parenchymal metastases including one with diffuse leptomeningeal spread.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Alzheimer's disease and other dementing illnesses in a defined United States population: incidence rates and clinical features.

In this study, for the first time to our knowledge all new cases of Alzheimer's disease and other dementing illnesses have been documented in a well-defined United States community. A total of 178 patients in an average annual at-risk population of 18,991 persons over age 29 developed dementia during 1960 through 1964 in Rochester, Minnesota, yielding an average annual incidence rate of 187.5 new cases/100,000/year. The corresponding rate for clinically and/or pathologically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease (the most common cause of dementia in this community) was 123.3 new cases/100,000/year, based on 117 cases. The incidence rates for both dementia in general and Alzheimer's disease in particular rise dramatically with age. All patients were followed to death or to 1982, and the median survival was 63 months. These data include only those in the community who came to medical attention, but they yield higher rates than studies in Scandinavia, indicating a relatively high level of case ascertainment.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The pituitary gland in the Laurence-Moon syndrome.

The apparent hypogonadism in patients with the Laurence-Moon syndrome has been variably attributed to unresponsiveness of target organs to gonadal hormones, primary end-organ failure, hypothalamic dysfunction, or pituitary failure. We report the first immunocytologic study of the pituitary gland in this rare disorder. No morphologic abnormalities were noted. The numbers and immunoreactivities of adenohypophyseal cell types were normal. No microscopic abnormalities were evident in the hypothalamus and target organs. The results of our study are consistent with recent biochemical data that suggest that pituitary function is normal in patients with this syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Painful ophthalmoplegia (Tolosa-Hunt variant): autopsy findings in a patient with necrotizing intracavernous carotid vasculitis and inflammatory disease of the orbit.

A 79-year-old man with unremitting painful ophthalmoplegia had a necrotizing inflammatory process that involved the intracranial and intracavernous portions of the right internal carotid artery. The condition ultimately resulted in rupture of the carotid vessel and death. At autopsy, thrombophlebitis of the sphenopalatine sinus was also noted. To our knowledge, this is the second reported autopsy study of painful ophthalmoplegia and chronic nongranulomatous inflammation that involved the carotid siphon and the cavernous sinus.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Chemistry and inhibitory activity of long chain fatty acid oxidation of emeriamine and its analogues.

Emericedins A, B, and C, new betaines having inhibitory activity of long chain fatty acid oxidation, were isolated from the culture broth of Emericella quadrilineata IFO 5859. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses as (R)-3-(acylamino)-4-(trimethylammonio)butyrate (acyl: A, acetyl; B, propionyl; C, n-butyryl). Structural confirmation and assignment of absolute configuration were made by chemical synthesis from L-asparagine. Deacylation of emericedin gave a potent derivative, (R)-3-amino-4-(trimethylammonio)butyrate, designated as emeriamine. In order to study the structure-activity relations, various analogues of emeriamine, including a stereoisomer, were prepared. Among them, N-palmitoyl and N-myristoyl derivatives showed much stronger inhibition of fatty acid oxidation than emeriamine.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

A clinical and autopsy study of dementia in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1980-1981.

The clinical records and autopsy protocols were studied from 350 cases in which an autopsy was done in Olmsted County, MN, in 1980 and 1981. Overall autopsy rate was 33.6%, and autopsy rate for those aged 60 years or more was 29%. Preselected criteria were used for diagnosis of dementia. Thirty-two demented and 68 nondemented patients had complete autopsies; all were more than 60 years old. Twenty-three of 32 (72%) demented patients had Alzheimer's disease. The frequency of cerebral infarcts among the nondemented patients was significantly higher than among the demented patients (p = 0.02).

Aged↗