[HLA-DR2 DNA typing in Japanese ulcerative colitis].
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Asian People↗
Biomedical subjects
H Okano
Publications and source records attributed to H Okano.
[Pulmonary aspergillosis with air-fluid level in a cavity].
We experienced 17 cases of pulmonary aspergillosis with air-fluid level in a cavity. The incidence of this phenomenon was 39% in 44 patients who were diagnosed as having pulmonary aspergillosis during the period from 1983 to 1991 at Yaizu Municipal Hospital. There were two clinical patterns: primary air-fluid type and secondary air-fluid type. Primary air-fluid type disease began with cavitation with an air-fluid level. Our 14 cases of this type had severe symptoms and inflammatory reaction. In secondary air-fluid type, the fungus ball disappeared and an air-fluid level appeared in a cavity during treatment. Our 3 cases of this type had only mild cough and sputum. The fluid disappeared later in two of these three cases. Some cases of primary air-fluid type changed to fungus ball type or productive aspergilloma on the inner wall of a cavity. Primary air-fluid type thus seems to represent incipient pulmonary aspergilloma, and to be important for early diagnosis and treatment. Of the immunological tests, precipitins to Aspergillus fumigatus proved most useful for early diagnosis.
Aged↗
[The preventive effect of estrogen and vitamin D on postmenopausal bone loss].
In order to evaluate the preventive effect of estrogen and vitamin D3 on postmenopausal bone loss, either estrogen (Premarin 0.625 mg/day) or vitamin D3 (Onealfa 1.0 micrograms/day) was administered to postmenopausal women. Changes in lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) were monitored by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The lumbar BMD of women given estrogen showed a significant increase at 6 months after treatment. The highest response to estrogen was demonstrated within a year after treatment, and thereafter the effect was diminished but still prevented further bone loss. On the other hand, the effect of vitamin D was heterogeneous. Half of the women receiving vitamin D showed a remarkable increase at a year later, but in the remainder there was a decrease and the overall there was little change from the pretreatment value. These results indicate that estrogen can be used as a first choice for the prevention of postmenopausal bone loss, but further studies on the preventive effect of vitamin D are needed.
Absorptiometry, Photon↗
[Five cases of acute pulmonary failure associated with nitrogen dioxide inhalation].
Six men were accidentally exposed to NO2 when they were changing a propeller using a gas burner in the poorly ventilated hold of a ship. All of them were admitted to hospital with shortness of breath and cough. Chest X-ray on admission revealed diffuse, patchy and infiltrative shadows, leading to the diagnosis of pulmonary edema in all five patients. Steroid therapy was effective and followed by a quick recovery in all patients. None developed third phase manifestations characterized pathologically by bronchiolitis obliterans.
Accidents, Occupational↗
The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor.
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) is a second messenger that releases Ca2+ from its intracellular stores. The InsP3 receptor has been purified and its cDNA has been cloned. We have found that the InsP3 receptor is identical to P400 protein, first identified as a protein enriched in cerebellar Purkinje cells. We have generated an L-fibroblast cell transfectant that produces cDNA-derived InsP3 receptors. The protein displays high affinity and specificity for InsP3. InsP3 induces greater Ca2+ release from membrane vesicles from transfected cells than from those from control L-fibroblasts. After incorporation of the purified InsP3 receptor into lipid bilayers InsP3-induced Ca2+ currents were demonstrated. These results suggest that the InsP3 receptor is involved in physiological Ca2+ release. Immunogold labelling using monoclonal antibodies against the receptor showed that it is highly concentrated on the smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and slightly on the outer nuclear membrane and rough endoplasmic reticulum; no labelling of Golgi apparatus, mitochondria and plasmalemma was seen. Cross-linking experiments showed that the receptor forms a homotetramer. The approximately 650 N-terminal amino acids are highly conserved between mouse and Drosophila, and this region contains the critical sequences for InsP3 binding. We have investigated the heterogeneity of the InsP3 receptor using the polymerase chain reaction and have found novel subtypes of the mouse InsP3 receptor that are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmentally specific manner.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors.
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Animals↗
Regulation of Drosophila neural development by a putative secreted protein.
The Drosophila strawberry (sty) locus was isolated by P-element insertion mutagenesis in a screen for mutations affecting eye development. Analysis of the mutant phenotype and the putative expression pattern of the sty gene suggested that it has multiple functions. Mutations in the sty gene lead to irregular spacing of ommatidia, an increase in the number of photoreceptor cells, as well as abnormal axonal projections to the lamina and disrupted structure of the optic lobes in the adult fly. The sty mutation also causes abnormal head involution, a change in a number of sensilla in the antennomaxillary complex in the embryonic stage and abnormal morphogenesis of the maxillary palp and wings in later stages. We examined the presumptive expression of the sty gene during development by histochemical staining for lacZ expression from enhancer trap elements inserted within the sty gene. During embryogenesis, expression of lacZ showed a segmental pattern in the ectoderm and in the nervous system. In the eye imaginal discs, lacZ was expressed in photoreceptor cells beginning a few rows posterior to the morphogenetic furrow. The lacZ was also expressed in the wing disc. In the adult, lacZ was expressed in the retina and lamina. We cloned the sty gene by P-element tagging and found that it encodes a putative secreted protein containing a cysteine-rich region similar to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) repeat. On the basis of the loss of functional phenotype, the expression pattern and the predicted structure of its product, we propose that sty encodes a diffusible protein acting as a signal involved in lateral inhibition within the developing nervous system and also as a factor involved either directly or indirectly in axonal guidance and optic lobe development.
Animals↗
Pericholangitis with ulcerative colitis following autoimmune hepatitis over 12 years.
A 35-year-old woman was diagnosed as autoimmune hepatitis 12 years ago by abnormal findings of liver tests including lupus erythematosus (LE) cell phenomenon and liver biopsy. She was admitted in May 1990 with a history of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Colonoscopy with biopsy and barium enema revealed chronic ulcerative colitis along the entire colon. Since liver tests did not respond well to prednisolone treatment, liver biopsy was again performed and it revealed periductal inflammation with small duct proliferation, a finding compatible with pericholangitis. We herein report this patient who was initially diagnosed as autoimmune hepatitis and thereafter found to be pericholangitis associated with ulcerative colitis.
Adult↗
[Malignant mesodermal mixed tumor of the bladder: report of a case].
A 59-year-old male took total cystourethrectomy on July, 1991, since the bladder tumor recurred 2 years and 4 months after transurethral resection. Six months after total cystourethrectomy, an abnormal mass shadow appeared on the right lower lung field. Metastatic lung tumor was strongly suspected from CT scan. Despite chemotherapy, the pulmonary lesion grew rapidly and the patient died. From the autopsy, metastatic lesions were found in the bilateral lung fields, skin (face, head and abdominal wall), pleura, bilateral kidneys, small intestine and lymph nodes (para-aortic and mesenteric). The primary bladder tumor contained histologically transitional cell carcinoma as the epithelial element and sarcomatous changes with osteoid formation as the non-epithelial elements. Thus, the primary lesion was diagnosed as a malignant mesodermal mixed tumor. However, all of the metastatic lesions showed only sarcomatous changes. Only 10 cases of malignant mesodermal mixed tumor of the bladder have been reported in Japan since Fujita's report. In general, total cystectomy is necessary for the treatment of this disease. It has a poor prognosis; 5 of the 10 patients died within one year after operation.
Humans↗
[A case of small cell lung cancer occurring in a patient with pulmonary sarcoidosis].
A 62-year-old man was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis on the basis of uveitis, and the findings of bronchial alveolar lavage and transbronchial lung biopsy, in April 1988. He was admitted to hospital in September 1990, because of left hemiplegia. The chest X-ray film on admission revealed a new mass shadow in the left S6 and some increase of nodular shadows in both lung fields. A bronchial biopsy from the left B6 bronchus revealed small cell lung cancer. Although he was treated with whole brain irradiation and combination chemotherapy, he died of respiratory failure after three months. Speculations about the association between sarcoidosis and lung cancer have been made, but the mechanism is not understood, and their co-existence in the same patient is rare.
Brain Neoplasms↗
[A case of nephrotic syndrome associated with bronchogenic carcinoma].
A 58-year-old fisherman was admitted because of an abnormal chest X-ray shadow on the right side. Bronchoscopic examination revealed tumor of right B7. Transbronchial biopsy showed squamous cell carcinoma. He was treated with four courses of CDDP and PEP. Two years later, he developed nephrotic syndrome and relapse of lung cancer. Proteinuria and pedal edema continued. Renal biopsy revealed the characteristic light and immunofluorescent microscopic features of membranous nephropathy. Oral administration of low dose etoposide resulted in reduction of the carcinomatous lung lesion and a decrease in proteinuria as well as pedal edema.
Carcinoma, Bronchogenic↗
[A case of myxedema heart with serial endomyocardial biopsy].
We report a case of middle-aged woman with myxedema heart who presented congestive heart failure due to myocardial damage caused by myxedema, and showed reversible and irreversible myocardial change proven by serial endomyocardial biopsy. She was admitted to our hospital because of facial, peripheral edema and dyspnea. On admission, chest X-P revealed severe cardiomegaly (CTR 70%) and bilateral pleural effusion. Electrocardiogram showed low voltage. Echocardiogram and chest CT revealed a large amount of pericardial effusion. No significant stenosis was observed on a coronary arteriogram. Laboratory data showed elevated TC, CPK, LDH values and immunological test indicated high titer of thyroid test and microsome test. Thyroid function test revealed primary hypothyroidism with low T3, low T4 and high TSH levels. Replacement therapy for hypothyroidism in addition to digitalis and diuretics++ has been started. Seven months after initial evaluation, this therapy has resulted in dramatic clinical improvement. Transvenous right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy demonstrated vacuolated degeneration on admission and improvement of vacuolated degeneration with a slight degree of fibrosis after therapy. This pathological finding suggests that myxedema heart is able to produce both reversible and irreversible myocardial damage.
Aged↗
Dysmyelination in transgenic mice resulting from expression of class I histocompatibility molecules in oligodendrocytes.
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules are not normally expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). However, aberrant expression has been observed in multiple sclerosis lesions and could contribute to the destruction of myelin or the myelinating cells known as oligodendrocytes. The mechanism of cell damage associated with aberrant MHC molecule expression is unclear: for example, overexpression of class I and class II MHC molecules in pancreatic beta cells in transgenic mice leads to nonimmune destruction of the cells and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. We have generated transgenic mice that express class I H-2Kb MHC molecules, under the control of the myelin basic protein promoter, specifically in oligodendrocytes. Homozygous transgenic mice have a shivering phenotype, develop tonic seizures and die at 15-22 days. This phenotype, which we term 'wonky', is due to hypomyelination in the CNS, and not to involvement of the immune system. The primary defect appears to be a shortage of myelinating oligodendrocytes resulting from overexpression of the class I MHC molecules.
Animals↗
The subtypes of the mouse inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmentally specific manner.
Additional subtypes of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) receptor are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmentally specific manner. They differ from the InsP3 receptor structure previously reported in two small variably spliced segments. One segment (SI) is located within the InsP3 binding site, whereas another segment (SII) is located near putative sites for phosphorylation and ATP binding to modulate InsP3 action on Ca2+ flux. Therefore, we speculate that selective use of InsP3 receptor subtypes permits a tissue-specific and developmentally specific expression of functionally distinct channels.
Aging↗
Effect of synthetic prostaglandin E1 analog (ornoprostil) on gastric emptying and pancreatic polypeptide release after solid-meal ingestion in man.
The effect of orally administered ornoprostil, 17S,20-dimethyl-6-oxoprostaglandin E1 methyl ester, on gastric emptying and on pancreatic polypeptide (PP) release after solid meal ingestion, was investigated in man. A radionuclide technique was used to measure gastric emptying of eight healthy volunteers. In addition, four parameters [SI (starting index): the lag time in the start of emptying; K value: the emptying rate; T1/2: the half emptying time; 120 min RR: the percent retention at 120 min] were determined for evaluation. Also, the PP response was analyzed according to two parameters: IPPRSI the integrated PP response for periods up to SI, and IPPR120, the integrated PP response for 120 min. The results demonstrated that 5 micrograms of orally administered ornoprostil significantly reduced the gastric emptying rate of solid meal (T1/2 and 120 min RR, P less than 0.05). However, ornoprostil affected neither the basal PP concentrations nor the cephalic phase of PP secretion which was determined as IPPRSI. This thus suggests that ornoprostil affects the gastric motor function without interfering with the vagal-cholinergic pathway to the stomach.
Adult↗
Differential localization of alternative spliced transcripts encoding inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors in mouse cerebellum and hippocampus: in situ hybridization study.
Expression of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) receptor subtypes was determined in mouse brain using oligonucleotide-specific in situ hybridization. All subtypes, except one that deletes 120 bp from the full-length InsP3 receptor cDNA, were expressed in cerebellar Purkinje cells. In hippocampus, various subtypes showed distinct expression patterns. These results suggest that regionally selective expression of InsP3 receptor subtypes may result in the generation of functionally distinct channels.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Myelin basic protein gene and the function of antisense RNA in its repression in myelin-deficient mutant mouse.
The myelin-deficient (mld) mouse is an autosomal recessive mutant characterized by hypomyelination of the CNS due to reduced expression of the myelin basic protein (MBP) gene. In the mld mutant, the MBP gene is duplicated in tandem. One gene is intact, but a large portion is inverted upstream of the other copy, and its transcription yields the antisense RNA. This antisense RNA was shown to be localized in the nucleus and to form an RNA:RNA duplex with sense RNA. These findings suggested that inhibition of transport from the nucleus or selective degradation of the duplex is responsible for the reduced expression of the MBP gene in the mld mutant. The mechanism of gene rearrangement at the MBP locus was also characterized. Cosmid clones encompassing whole MBP gene loci from control and mld genomic DNA libraries were isolated. The recombination points indicated that the duplication and inversion observed in mld occurred due to nonhomologous recombination.
Animals↗
Identification of the new isoforms of mouse myelin basic protein: the existence of exon 5a.
Myelin basic protein (MBP) is a major constituent in the myelin of the CNS. In mice, five forms of MBPs (14 kDa, two types of 17 kDa, 18.5 kDa, and 21.5 kDa) encoded by separate mRNAs have been identified based on cDNA cloning studies. These mRNAs are considered to be produced by alternative splicing from a single gene composed of seven exons. Here we report the existence of two novel MBP mRNAs encoding 19.7-kDa and 21-kDa MBPs identified by cDNA cloning using the polymerase chain reaction. Both of these MBPs contain a sequence of a previously unidentified exon of 66 nucleotides, which was mapped to be just 5' of exon 5 in the MBP gene. MBP mRNAs containing this novel exon (exon 5a) belong to a minor population in the whole brain and PNS and are somewhat enriched in the spinal cord. Exon 5a encodes a very hydrophobic segment rich in valine residues, which presumably forms a beta-pleated sheet.
Animals↗