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Biomedical subjects

H Okamura

Publications and source records attributed to H Okamura.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Clinical usefulness of serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen for early detection of squamous cell carcinoma arising in mature cystic teratoma of the ovary.

Squamous cell carcinoma arising in mature cystic teratoma of the ovary is rarely diagnosed preoperatively. We measured the pre-treatment serum levels of squamous cell carcinoma antigen in three stage I patients in order to evaluate its usefulness as a tumor marker for early detection of the disease. The serum levels were elevated in each case, to 26.9, 5.1, and 3.2 ng/mL, respectively, and rapidly dropped to within the normal range after treatment. All patients are recovered and show no evidence of recurrence, and the levels of serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen have remained within normal limits. These results suggest that measurement of the serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen level may be useful in diagnosing an early-stage primary squamous cell carcinoma arising in a mature cystic teratoma of the ovary. An elevated preoperative serum level of squamous cell carcinoma antigen may indicate the need for a rapid pathologic examination of the tumor to look for malignant elements and may influence the surgical regimen.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Pathology of the fallopian tube.

Tubal carcinoma and serous adenocarcinoma of the ovary are remarkably similar in biologic characteristics and tumor markers, which suggests that the management for tubal carcinoma would be based on that for ovarian carcinoma. The cases with rare histologic features, including endometrioid carcinoma, mixed müllerian tumor, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma have been reported. In the genesis of tubal pregnancy, microscopic evidence of silent inflammation has attracted special interest recently. With the development of sophisticated diagnostic tests and the progress of medical management, it has become possible to treat unruptured tubal pregnancies by pharmacologic approaches, laparoscopy, or transvaginal sonographic control. This review briefly outlines the conspicuous pathologic and etiologic features of neoplasms, ectopic pregnancy, and abnormality of the fallopian tube, and discusses some recent observations regarding these disorders.

Fallopian Tube Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

[Endosalpingosis in the pelvic peritoneum and pelvic lymph nodes].

The pelvic peritoneum with macroscopic findings characteristic of endometriosis was biopsied in 18 cases at conservative surgery for endometriosis and examined. Pelvic lymph nodes removed in 76 cases at radical surgery for uterine cervical, corpus cancer or ovarian cancer patients were examined. In 3 of the 18 cases, endosalpingiosis was encountered in the pelvic peritoneum. In 2 of these 3 cases combined lesions of endometriosis and endosalpingiosis were observed. On the other hand, in 4 of the 76 patients with gynecological malignancies, benign glandular inclusions were found in pelvic lymph nodes. In 3 of these 4 patients, there was endosalpingiosis, and another there was endometriosis. Endosalpingiosis is an interesting lesion offering some clues to the histogenesis of endometriosis, and important in the differential diagnosis of malignant tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Human T-cell leukemia virus type I infection as an oncogenic and prognostic risk factor in cervical and vaginal carcinoma.

The seroprevalence of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) antibody in 6701 healthy females and 226 women with gynecologic malignancies, all living in an adult T-cell leukemia-endemic area in southwestern Japan, was investigated to determine whether HTLV-I infection was a risk factor influencing oncogenesis and prognosis. The seroprevalences in cervical carcinoma patients younger than 59 years and in vaginal carcinoma patients of all ages were significantly higher than in age-matched healthy controls. The ratios of observed to expected HTLV-I seroprevalence in patients younger than 59 with cervical carcinoma and in vaginal carcinoma patients were 2.92 and 7.36, respectively. Among the patients with cervical carcinoma or vaginal carcinoma, the tumor recurrence rate in HTLV-I carriers was significantly higher than that in HTLV-I seronegative patients. Our results suggest that HTLV-I infection may be oncogenic and may affect the prognosis in some patients with cervical or vaginal carcinoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Transcatheter arterial embolization in the management of postpartum hemorrhage due to genital tract injury.

Six patients with uncontrollable postpartum hemorrhage due to genital tract injury were treated with transcatheter arterial embolization. The causes of hemorrhage were laceration of the cervix and vagina in five cases and rupture of the uterus in one. Four cases included a large hematoma in the paravaginal and/or retroperitoneal space. Two women had a hysterectomy before arterial embolization. Angiography revealed extravasation in five cases. All six subjects had their hemorrhage arrested dramatically using transcatheter arterial embolization with gelatin sponge particles. No major complication was encountered in any case. Normal menstruation resumed in the women who did not undergo a hysterectomy. Transcatheter arterial embolization therapy seems to be the treatment of choice in patients with uncontrollable hemorrhage.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical evaluation of pseudosinusoidal fetal heart rate pattern associated with abruption placentae].

From retrospective studies of fetal heart rate records on abruption placentae, six cases with the pseudosinusoidal FHR pattern (pseudosinusoidal pattern) are reported. The pseudosinusoidal pattern has the following characteristics: 1) oscillation frequency synchronized with the frequency of uterine contractions, 2) an amplitude of 19bpm or more, which is positively correlated with the area of placental separation, 3) uniform frequency and amplitude, 4) a frequency of 1.3 cycles/min or less, which is clearly different from the true sinusoidal pattern. It seems that this characteristic pseudosinusoidal pattern appeared with decreased fetoplacental blood flow, which was initiated by abruption placentae and superimposed by uterine contractions. Since this pattern indicates progressive fetal jeopardy, an emergency delivery should be performed for intact survival.

Abruptio Placentae↗
PubMed1990

Possible induction of [Met]enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 immunoreactivity in neurons of the rat superior colliculus following eye enucleation.

The distribution of [Met]enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (MEAGL)-immunoreactive (-IR) neurons and its modification after enucleation have been investigated in the rat superior colliculus. In normal rats and on the ipsilateral side of monocular-enucleated rats, small sized vertically elongated fusiform-shaped weakly immunostained neurons were dispersed throughout the sublamina of the stratum griseum superficiale (SGS). In bilaterally enucleated rats and on the contralateral side of monocular-enucleated rats, many small strongly immunoreactive MEAGL-containing neurons, projecting processes horizontally or obliquely toward the surface, appeared in the deepest part of the SGS and the superficial part of the stratum opticum (SO), in contrast to the disappearance of the fusiform-shaped weakly stained neurons in the SGS. MEAGL-IR fibers increased in density throughout the sublamina of the SGS, being densest in the deep SGS, accompanying their increase in the neighboring SO. Sporadically found MEAGL-IR neurons in the deep SO and the stratum griseum intermediale did not show the detectable change of immunoreactivity. These results indicate that enkephalin biosynthesis is undergone by different type of neurons in the normal and the ocular-derived superior colliculus, and suggest that some neurons in the adult superior colliculus have a potentiality to express the peptidergic phenotype.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Dopamine- and dopa-immunoreactive neurons in the cat forebrain with reference to tyrosine hydroxylase-immunohistochemistry.

The distribution of cell bodies containing immunoreactivities to dopamine (DA), L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was studied immunohistochemically in the cat forebrain especially in the hypothalamus with or without intraventricular administration of colchicine. In normal cats, DA-immunoreactive (IR) neurons, whose intensity of immunostainings was variable from one to another, were localized exclusively in the hypothalamus and showed a distribution pattern similar to that of TH-IR ones. They were distributed in the posterior, dorsal and periventricular hypothalamic areas. Arcuate cells showed no or very weak DA-immunoreactivity. Weak to intense DOPA-IR cells were distributed in a similar manner to DA-IR ones but were far smaller in number. In colchicine-treated animals, DA- and DOPA-immunoreactivities were enhanced particularly in arcuate and dorsal hypothalamic cells. A cluster composed of small DA- and DOPA-IR cells was identified in the area ventral to the mamillothalamic tract equivalent to rat A13c TH-IR cell group. Colchicine treatment enabled us to visualize a large number of TH-IR perikarya in the medial and lateral preoptic areas, anterior commissure nucleus, basal forebrain, area closely related to the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis, and some in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis as has been reported in other species. However, virtually none of these cells contained detectable DA- and DOPA-immunoreactivities.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The murine mutation osteopetrosis is in the coding region of the macrophage colony stimulating factor gene.

Mice homozygous for the recessive mutation osteopetrosis (op) on chromosome 3 have a restricted capacity for bone remodelling, and are severely deficient in mature macrophages and osteoclasts. Both cell populations originate from a common haemopoietic progenitor. As op/op mice are not cured by transplants of normal bone marrow cells, the defects in op/op mice may be associated with an abnormal haematopoietic microenvironment rather than with an intrinsic defect in haematopoietic progenitors. To investigate the molecular and biochemical basis of the defects caused by the op mutation, we established primary fibroblast cell lines from op/op mice and tested the ability of these cell lines to support the proliferation of macrophage progenitors. We show that op/op fibroblasts are defective in production of functional macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), although its messenger RNA (Csfm mRNA) is present at normal levels. This defect in M-CSF production and the recent mapping of the Csfm structural gene near op on chromosome 3 suggest that op is a mutation within the Csfm gene itself. We have sequenced Csfm complementary DNA prepared from op/op fibroblasts and found a single base pair insertion in the coding region of the Csfm gene that generates a stop codon 21 base pairs downstream. Thus, the op mutation is within the Csfm coding region and we conclude that the pathological changes in this mutant result from the absence of M-CSF.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Human growth hormone-variant demonstrates a receptor binding profile distinct from that of normal pituitary growth hormone.

We have recently established that the human growth hormone-variant (hGH-V) gene is functional in vivo by documenting its expression in the placenta. We have subsequently generated transformed murine cell lines stably expressing the genes for normal pituitary growth hormone (hGH-N), hGH-V, and each of two chimeric genes generated by exon 3 exchanges, hGH-NV3 and hGH-VN3. In the present study, we utilize these cell lines as sources of hormone to characterize and compare the receptor binding profiles of hGH-N with hGH-V. hGH-V was found to displace 125I-ovine prolactin bound to rat liver microsomes (lactogen binding) and to displace 125I-hGH bound to rabbit liver microsomes (somatogen binding). Therefore, hGH-V would be predicted to display both somatogenic and lactogenic bioactivity, a dual specificity previously thought to be unique to hGH-N. The concentrations of hormone necessary to displace 50% (IC50) of the 125I-hGH from somatogen receptors and 125I-ovine prolactin from lactogen receptors was expressed as a ratio, IC50 somatogen: IC50 lactogen, for each hormone tested. A 7.4-fold difference in this ratio was observed for hGH-N compared to hGH-V, suggesting significantly greater selectivity by hGH-V in binding to the somatogen receptor. The intermediate binding ratios of the hGH-NV3 and hGH-VN3 chimeric proteins confirmed the distinct receptor binding profiles of the two parent hormones and served to identify three amino acids of potential importance in defining their respective receptor binding specificities.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Contrary effect of eye enucleation on VIP-immunoreactive neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the superior colliculus of the rat.

The topographic alternation of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) immunoreactivity after long-term bilateral eye enucleation (80 days) was investigated in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and the superior colliculus of the adult rat with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. In the SCN, the immunostaining of VIP-immunoreactive (IR) cell bodies increased, and the intensity and density of VIP-IR fibers and terminals were markedly enhanced after eye enucleation. On the other hand, after eye enucleation, no VIP-IR cell bodies and fibers were visible in the stratum griseum superficiale of the superior colliculus, although fusiform-shaped VIP-IR neurons were distributed in the layer of unoperated control rats. The present results, therefore, have revealed that the long-term blockage of retinal input induces changes of VIP immunoreactivity in different manners, according to the target brain areas.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The cerebral circulation in cases of carotid cavernous fistula. Findings of single photon emission computed tomography.

Ten patients with carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) were reviewed. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) study was performed in six patients with fast flow shunt. Five of these six patients with fast flow shunt angiographically demonstrated cortical venous drainage, and two of these patients suffered intracerebral hemorrhage. The rCBF decreased in the region demonstrating the cortical venous drainage in five patients, and in one patient the angiography demonstrated arterial steal and the rCBF decreased in a part of the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere. SPECT proved to be useful in assessing the cerebral circulation in cases of CCF.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Immunocytochemical demonstration of GAP-like immunoreactive neuronal elements in the human hypothalamus and pituitary.

GnRH-associated peptide (GAP)-like immunonreactive elements located in the human hypothalamus were investigated by PAP immunocytochemistry using specific antiserum against [pro-GnRH (14-69) OH]. Immunoreactive neuronal perikarya were distributed in the MPOA, PVN and infundibular nucleus, with the largest numbers of GAP-like immunoreactive perikarya found in the infundibular nucleus. We also detected the coexistence of GAP-like and GnRH-like immunoreactivities in the same neuronal perikarya in the MPOA by using a double immunolabelling procedure. In addition to the above regions immunoreactive neuronal perikarya were present in the region dorsal to the medial mammillary nucleus. GAP-like immunoreactive fibers were distributed in same areas that immunoreactive perikarya were observed. Many immunoreactive terminals were found adjacent to capillaries in the infundibulum. Immunoreactive dots, presumably terminals, were observed in the posterior pituitary and these were particularly evident along the margin adjacent to the anterior pituitary. The distribution pattern and density of GAP-like immunoreactive neuronal elements are compared with those of other mammalian species. We also compared GAP-like immunoreactive elements with that of GnRH as has been previously observed in the human hypothalamus.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Conservative management of cerebellar hemorrhage in pregnancy.

A case of cerebellar arteriovenous malformation (AVM) during pregnancy is reported. A 26-year-old primigravida had cerebellar hemorrhage at 32 weeks of gestation. She was conservatively controlled until term with a good outcome accomplished by elective cesarean section. AVM in the left cerebellar hemisphere was confirmed by angiography after delivery and successfully removed. Here we present a review of AVM during pregnancy and a few case reports of cerebellar AVM-complicated pregnancy published in available literatures.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve detected by fetal echocardiography.

The tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with an absent pulmonary valve is a rare congenital cardiac malformation. We recorded the fetal echocardiographic findings for a fetus with the TOF with absent pulmonary valve and review the literature on this condition. The infant died 5 days after birth and the autopsy showed no infundibular stenosis. The degree of infundibular stenosis may be correlated with the prognosis of infants with this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Successful treatment of adult Arnold-Chiari malformation associated with basilar impression and syringomyelia by the transoral anterior approach.

A case of adult type I Arnold-Chiari malformation associated with basilar impression, syringomyelia, atlantoaxial dislocation, and occipitalization of the atlas is reported. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging clearly revealed evidence of severe anterior compression of the cervicomedullary junction due to basilar impression and a sharp clivoaxial angle. Therefore, transoral anterior decompression and fusion were performed, resulting in an improvement of the patient's neurologic signs and symptoms. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging showed an obvious reduction of the tonsillar herniation and syringomyelia, as well as an improvement of the cervicomedullary compression.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Serial measurement of CA 125 in patients with primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube.

Serial assay of serum CA 125 was carried out in five patients with advanced primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube. Pretreatmental levels of these patients were elevated, ranging from 145 to 535 U/ml (305 +/- 140.1, mean +/- SD). All patients showed rapid decreases in response to treatment; however, reelevations were noted in two patients concomitant with recurrence. In the remaining three patients, who are alive with no evidence of recurrence at 52, 29, and 21 months, serum CA 125 levels remained below 5 U/ml after remission. These results suggest that CA 125 is useful in monitoring patients with primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube.

Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate↗