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Biomedical subjects

H Okada

Publications and source records attributed to H Okada.

1,400 records · Page 78Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

A prospective study of cerebrovascular disease in Japanese rural communities, Akabane and Asahi. Part 1: evaluation of risk factors in the occurrence of cerebral hemorrhage and thrombosis.

An epidemiological study of cerebrovascular disease in Akabane and Asahi, Japan, was made. (These cities are located near Nagoy, Japan.) The study population included 4,737 men and women aged 40 to 79 at the time of entry into the study. There were 4,186 persons who were examined and, of these, 264 cases of cerebrovascular attacks were observed between 1964 and 1970. The incidence rate of stroke in those persons not responding to the survey was 15.9 times higher than in those persons examined according to person-year observation in Akabane. The risk factors for cerebral hemorrhage and thrombosis were evaluated by age-adjusted and sex-adjusted relative risks. The predisposing factors to cerebral hemorrhage appeared to be high blood pressure, high left R wave, ST depression, T abnormality, capillary fragility counts, previous medical history of stroke and albuminuria. For cerebral thrombosis, the predisposing factors appeared to be high blood pressure, ST depression and funduscopic sclerotic findings, and those factors assumed to be significant were glycosuria and smoking habits. Ocular funduscopic abnormality was the most prominent risk factor for cerebral thrombosis, while high blood pressure and ECG abnormalities were highly related to cerebral hemorrhage. It was suggested that those subjects with a relatively higher blood pressure may have a higher relative risk of cerebral hemorrhage than those with a lower (normal range) blood pressure. A previous or family history of stroke also appeared significantly related to cerebral hemorrhage.

Adult↗
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A novel pharmacokinetic method for analysis of placental transfer of latamoxef in humans.

A novel pharmacokinetic method was developed for analysing the behaviour of a drug in tissues. The absolute transfer ratio of a drug to a tissue was defined using the pharmacokinetic parameters obtained by this method. Composite data of latamoxef (moxalactam) concentration in maternal blood, umbilical cord blood and amniotic fluid following a 2g intravenous injection to pregnant women at delivery were analysed by this method to study the drug behaviour in pregnant women, fetuses and amniotic fluid. Latamoxef kinetics in pregnant women at full term were generally similar to that in previously reported healthy subjects. The concentration of latamoxef in umbilical cord blood peaked about 2 hours after dosing then decreased in parallel with the maternal blood concentration. The amniotic fluid concentration peaked about 7 hours after administration, then decreased slowly. The absolute transfer ratios to fetus and amniotic fluid were calculated to be about 2.5 and 0.37% respectively.

Amniotic Fluid↗
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Takayasu's arteritis with heart failure due to atherosclerosis.

An autopsy case of an elderly man with Takayasu's arteritis and atherosclerosis is presented. Ischemic signs and symptoms including anginal attack were aggravated with activity of arteritis despite administration of prednisolone throughout the entire course. The autopsy revealed severe atherosclerosis over the aorta and its branches, and arteritis in the fibrotic stage in localized area. Vessels of vital organs including heart and kidneys, did not show Takayasu's arteritis but were atherosclerotic. This case highlights the numerous problems encountered in the treatment of elderly patients with vasculitis such as Takayasu's arteritis.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Levels of interferon alpha and gamma in seminal plasma of normozoospermic, oligozoospermic,and azoospermic men.

The functions of the interferons in the testis are unclear. We investigated the role of interferon alpha and gamma in the seminal plasma on spermatogenesis. The levels of interferon alpha and gamma were determined in the seminal plasma of 101 males including normozoospermic (n = 31), oligozoospermic (n = 57) and azoospermic men (n = 13). The correlation between such levels and clinical parameter (seminogram and serum hormone levels) was evaluated. The seminal plasma level of interferon alpha (92.0 + 110.3 ng/mL) in the normozoospermic men was significantly lower than that of oligozoospermic men (162.4 +/- 130.3 ng/mL) (p < .05). The three groups (normozoospermic, oligozoospermic, and azoospermic group) did not differ as to the level of interferon gamma. No significant correlations were observed between the levels of interferon alpha or gamma in seminal plasma and the serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, prolactin, or estradiol. Theses results suggest that the level of interferon alpha in the seminal plasma may be related to sperm production.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The study on the effect of the transurethral catheter in pressure-flow study--the comparison with the urination in uroflowmetry].

OBJECTIVE: Pressure-flow study (PFS) is an excellent method for detecting the bladder outlet obstruction. However, PFS with the transurethral catheter has the disadvantage of unphysiological urination during testing. In the present study, we compared the urination in PFS with that in uroflowmetry (UFM) and analyzed the effect of the transurethral catheter. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects were 43 men who underwent PFS at Yamato Takada Municipal Hospital. PFS and UFM were compared with respect to four parameters, i.e., Qmax, the residual urine volume, the region on Liverpool nomogram, and the flow curve pattern (Jørgensen's classification). RESULTS: For PFS using a transurethral catheter, (1) Qmax was decreased by a mean of 2.6 ml/s and the residual urine volume was increased by a mean of 26.3 ml compared with UFM, and (2) the Liverpool nomogram and the flow curve pattern showed more impairment of urination with PFS than UFM. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that PFS using a transurethral catheter may not reflect physiological urination.

Aged↗
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Menopause and hyperlipidemia: pravastatin lowers lipid levels without decreasing endogenous estrogens.

In study 1, serum lipid and estrogen levels were determined in 30 women (aged 40 to > 60 years). Total cholesterol (TC) levels increased significantly with age, but no significant association was found between TC levels and menopausal status. Hypercholesterolemia (TC > 220 mg/dl) was identified in 10 women and hypertriglyceridemia (> 150 mg/dl) in 5 women. Among women not receiving estrogen replacement therapy, a significant negative correlation was found between TC levels and estradiol-17 beta levels. In study 2, serum lipid and estrogen levels were determined in 74 women; 12 of the 74 were receiving conjugated estrogen for the treatment of the menopausal syndrome and 21 hyperlipidemic women were receiving pravastatin (2.5 to 30 mg daily). Among postmenopausal women, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly higher and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels significantly lower in the estrogen-treated than untreated women. Serum TC and LDL cholesterol levels were significantly reduced during pravastatin treatment. Levels of endogenous estrogens (estradiol-17 beta, estrone, and estrone sulfate) were not significantly affected by pravastatin treatment. The results indicate that pravastatin can be used to reduce hyperlipidemia in menopausal women without affecting endogenous estrogen levels.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of covered metallic stents in malignant biliary stenosis--prominent effectiveness in gallbladder carcinoma.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The survival time of patients with unresectable malignant biliary stenosis and the patent period of metallic biliary stents are different in each disease. The efficacy of the covered metallic stent was analyzed according to the primary disease. METHODOLOGY: Seventy-three patients with bile duct carcinoma (12 cases), gallbladder carcinoma (22 cases), and pancreas carcinoma (39 cases) were retrospectively enrolled. Covered metallic stents were used in 42 patients and uncovered metallic stents in 31 patients. The patency of covered stents was compared with that of uncovered stents for each disease. RESULTS: The patent rate at 6 months after insertion was 80.6% (95% CI [72.6%, 88.6%]) for the covered stent, and 49.5% (95% CI [37.6%, 61.4%]) for the uncovered stent. The mean patent periods of the covered stent and the uncovered stent were 14.6 and 27.6 months for bile duct carcinoma (p=0.424), 12.7 and 3.0 months for gallbladder carcinoma (p=0.003), and 11.9 and 9.6 months for pancreas carcinoma (p=0.919), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The covered metallic stent was the most effective in patients with gallbladder carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antitumor effect of pyridoglutethimide, an aromatase inhibitor, on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary tumors of rat.

The antitumor effects of pyridoglutethimide (PG; 3-ethyl-3-(4-pyridyl) piperidine -2, 6-dione), a new analogue of aminoglutethimide (AG), were examined in rats with DMBA-induced mammary tumors. On the day following ovariectomy, the DMBA-treated rats were divided into four groups. The rats in each group (n = 25) received testosterone (20 mg/kg/day) or testosterone (20 mg/kg/day) with PG or AG (50 mg/kg/day) daily 6 times per weeks for 4 weeks; tumor volume was measured once weekly. Mammary tumors were dramatically increased after the administration of testosterone. However, in the rats receiving PG or AG simultaneously with testosterone, the tumors were significantly reduced with decrease of serum estradiol levels. Thus PG may suppress the growth of estrogen-dependent mammary tumors.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMedDate not supplied

DMBA-induced uterine vascular tumors in BALB/c mice: ovary-dependent carcinogenic response.

Female BALB/c mice treated with a single intraperitoneal injection of 1 mg of 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) at 4, 8 and 20 weeks of age showed a high incidence of uterine vascular tumors. Bilateral ovariectomy preceding DMBA treatment almost completely inhibited the induction of vascular tumors, while ovariectomy following DMBA treatment resulted in endometrial gland atrophy and a high incidence of vascular tumors. Vascular tumors were also induced when DMBA was given to neonatal androgenized mice, whereas among neonatal androgenized and normal female mice not treated with DMBA the incidence was 0%. Histological examinations revealed benign hemangiomas or angiosarcomas. In contrast, DMBA-treated male BALB/c mice and orchiectomized mice, and DMBA-untreated males showed no vascular tumors. A striking ovarian dependence of induction of uterine vascular tumors was observed.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Therapeutic effect of CDDP and VP-16 against human bladder cancers.

In order to evaluate the anticancer effect of combination chemotherapy (CDDP and etoposide) against human bladder cancer xenografts transplanted in nude mice, we tried an experimental chemotherapy. The tumor was aseptically cut and subcutaneously transplanted into the backs of the nude mice. When the weight of each tumor reached 300 mg, CDDP (day 1; 4 mg/kg) and etoposide (day 1-5; 2 mg/kg) were given intraperitoneally as single agent or in combination and repeated every 3 weeks. The estimated weight (mg) was obtained by (larger diam. x smaller diam.2) x 1/2. A continuous significant effect was observed in CDDP combined with etoposide against bladder tumor. Therefore, these results suggest that the combination chemotherapy using CDDP with etoposide is an efficacious treatment against human bladder cancer.

Animals↗
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A clinical comparison between Technegas SPECT, CT, and pulmonary function tests in patients with emphysema.

Pulmonary emphysema can be easily diagnosed by X-ray CT (CT) as low attenuation areas. Recently 99mTc Technegas has been used for ventilation scintigraphy. The present study was undertaken to assess the usefulness of SPECT images using Technegas scintigraphy and CT, as compared with pulmonary function tests in patients with pulmonary emphysema. Fifteen patients were examined. We classified and defined the score according to the findings of Technegas scintigraphy (Technegas) images into four grades, from Score 0 to Score 3, and those of CT into five grades, from Score 0 to Score 4, both from normal to severe. The right lung was divided into nine segments, and the left into eight. To obtain the average of the entire lung, the total score from both lungs was divided by 17. These average scores in for SPECT and CT were compared with the results of pulmonary function tests. The average score of Technegas correlated well with % forced expiratory volume in one second (%FEV1.0) (r = 0.87), and forced expiratory volume in one second % (FEV1.0%) (r = 0.83). These results were better than those provided by CT. The average scores of the upper and lower lung fields were also calculated. The score in the upper lung field was higher than that in the lower field. Technegas can assess ventilation impairment in pulmonary emphysema more easily than CT, especially in the upper lung field.

Administration, Inhalation↗
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The possible role of sense and antisense peptide interactions in the generation and maintenance of the tertiary structure of a protein.

Antisense peptide is an amino acid sequence translated from antisense sequence of mRNA for a peptide sequence (sense peptide). Previous evidence indicates that sense and antisense peptides have a tendency to interact with each other. We expected that this kind of interaction might be involved in the formation and maintenance of tertiary structure of protein molecules. Many amino acids have several RNA codons and we regarded amino acids coded by anti-codons of all of codons of each amino acid as antisense amino acids. On this stand point, we generated a computer program to search for antisense peptides. Then we found that there are peptide sequences which are antisense to several peptide sequences in a protein molecule, and these peptide sequences have been termed as antisense homology boxes (AHB). AHB peptides were synthesized and some of them had a potent capacity to interfere with the function of the molecule.

Amino Acid Sequence↗