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Biomedical subjects

H Okada

Publications and source records attributed to H Okada.

At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Fundamental and clinical studies on aztreonam in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

Fundamental and clinical studies on aztreonam (AZT), a new synthetic monobactam antibiotic, were performed and following results were obtained. Concentration of AZT was examined in serum, internal genital tissues and retroperitoneal fluid after a single intravenous administration of 1 g dose. The venous serum level of AZT was 114.0 micrograms/ml at 10 minutes after the administration, then decreased to 7.0 micrograms/ml at 3 hours. Since concentration of AZT in examined tissues showed wide variation, it was irrelevant to calculate transfer ratio. Concentration in retroperitoneal fluid made the peak of 40.0 +/- 22.6 micrograms/ml at 1 hour after the administration, then slowly decreased to 13.4 +/- 3.2 micrograms/ml at 6 hours. Judging from above data, the transfer of AZT to retroperitoneal fluid was favorable. In clinical trial, AZT was given to 17 cases with obstetrical and gynecological infections such as endometritis, uterine adnexitis, pelvic peritonitis, parametritis and lymphocystitis. The efficacy was evaluated as excellent in 2 cases, good in 12 and poor in 3, and efficacy rate was 82.4%. No side effects were observed in any of the cases. In laboratory findings, transient elevation of liver function in 2 cases and eosinophilia in 1 case were noticed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Ontogeny of the third component of complement of Japanese quails.

Ontogeny of quail complement was examined in terms of serum C3 level, cytolytic activity of total complement, functional activity of C3 via the classical pathway (CCP) and an alternative route (ACP), and the distribution of C3-bearing cells. In serum, C3 was detected from 7-day-old embryos by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. Thereafter, its concentration increased rapidly and reached the adult level at 4-5 weeks of age. Total activities of serum complement via CCP and ACP, both of which were assayed by cell lysis, were detected first in 10-day-old embryos, and increased sharply after hatching, reaching the maximum level at 5 weeks of age. Deposition of C3 on the cell surface via CCP and ACP was also clearly demonstrated from 10-day-old embryos by haemagglutination and immunofluorescence techniques, respectively. By an immunofluorescence technique using anti-quail C3 monospecific serum, cells belonging to the reticuloendothelial system were indicated to serve major sites for the synthesis of C3 during ontogenesis.

Aging↗
PubMed1985

[Basic and clinical studies on cefminox in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

Fundamental and clinical studies on cefminox (CMNX, MT-141), a new cephamycin antibiotic, were performed and the following results were obtained. Concentration of CMNX was examined in serum, internal genital organs and retroperitoneal fluid after a single intravenous administration of 1.0 g dose. The venous serum level of CMNX was 62.8 +/- 7.02 microgram/ml (Mean +/- S.D.) at 30 minutes after the administration. The sufficient transfer of CMNX to internal genital organs and retroperitoneal fluid was demonstrated. In clinical trial, CMNX was given to 10 cases with obstetrical and gynecological infections. The efficacy was evaluated as excellent in 1 case, good in 8 cases and poor in 1 case. No side effects were observed in any of the cases treated with CMNX.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[The short-term variability index from abdominal fetal electrocardiogram].

Fetal heart rate monitoring was carried out on 37 patients between 34 and 42 weeks gestation, in 21 patients with direct fetal electrocardiogram (dFECG), and in 16 patients with abdominal fetal electrocardiogram (aFECG). The mean of the absolute beat by beat differences (MABB) and the percentage of beat by beat differences below 1 millisecond (1 msec%) and below 2 milliseconds (2 msec%) were measured from true fetal R-R intervals by a computerized technique. With dFECG, a significant inverse correlation was found between the MABB and the 1 msec% or the 2 msec%. The standard deviation of fetal R-R intervals as the LTV index showed a higher correlation to the MABB than to the 1 msec% or the 2 msec%. These results were similar to those with aFECG. In addition, with aFECG, the effect of fetal rest and activity on the MABB was significant, but the 1 msec% and the 2 msec% were not altered with periods of fetal rest and activity. The influence of the artifact in aFECG signals on the 1 msec% and the 2 msec% was less than on the MABB. The 1 msec% and the 2 msec% were reliable indices of the STV assessment from aFECG.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1985

[Fundamental and clinical studies on cefpimizole in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

Fundamental and clinical studies on cefpimizole (AC-1370), a new cephem antibiotic, were performed and the following results were obtained: Concentration of AC-1370 was examined in serum, internal genital organs and retroperitoneal fluid after single intravenous administration of 2.0 g dose. The venous serum level of AC-1370 was 243 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes after the administration. The sufficient transfer of AC-1370 to internal genital organs and retroperitoneal fluid was recognized. In clinical trial, AC-1370 was given to 10 cases with obstetrical and gynecological infections. The efficacy was evaluated as good in 8 cases and poor in 2 cases. No side effects were observed in any of the cases treated with AC-1370.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Male infertility with chromosomal abnormalities. I. XYY syndrome].

Chromosomal abnormalities are found in a considerably high percentage of cases of male infertility, in particular azoospermia. We report a case of the XYY syndrome and review the literature. A 36-year-old man, a factory hand, presented with infertility. He was safely delivered at term as a fourth child when his father was 41 years old and his mother 38. He had no delinquent or criminal record. His height was 179 cm, weight 75 kg and distance of extended hands 184 cm. No gynecomastia was noticed. Both testes were 8ml in size and growth of pubic hair and penis were normal. Severe oligozoospermia was identified in semen analysis. Seminal vesiculography showed pathological dilatation of the seminal vas end. The testicular biopsy specimens revealed spermatogenic arrest for the most part. Chromosomal analysis showed 47, XYY karyotype; and, two Y-chromatin was revealed in cultured lymphocytes. Though plasma gonadotropin levels were high, testosterone, estradiol, prolactin, TSH, GH, T3 and T4 levels were within normal limits. Pituitary reserve function for secreting gonadotropins and Leydig cell reserve function to secrete testosterone have been found to be almost normal.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Construction of hybrid genes of 6-aminohexanoic acid-oligomer hydrolase and its analogous enzyme. Estimation of the intramolecular regions important for the enzyme evolution.

Hybrids were constructed of the genes for two homologous enzymes, 6-aminohexanoic acid-oligomer hydrolase (EII, one of the nylon oligomer degradation enzymes), and its probable evolutionary antecedent (EII'). The structural genes of EII (nylB) and EII' (nylB') have 88% similarity in their nucleotide sequences, an open frame encoding a peptide of 392 amino acids, conserved restriction sites, and in vitro recombination between these genes at the corresponding restriction sites generated genes directing various hybrid enzymes. In a comparison of the EII, EII', and the hybrid enzymes, we concluded that one or more of the four amino acid alterations that occurred in the intramolecular region (between amino acids 162-257) of EII' is essential to the adaptation of the enzyme to nylon oligomer degradation, and that its effect is enhanced 20-fold by one or more further alterations in the 258-380 region. Our results also suggest that this technique is useful for improving enzyme characteristics.

Amidohydrolases↗
PubMed1984

Monoclonal antibodies to poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) recognize different structures.

Two hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies to poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) [poly(ADP-Rib)] were established. One antibody, 10H (IgG3, kappa), bound to most of the poly(ADP-Rib) preparation, which consisted of molecules of various sizes of more than 20 ADP-Rib residues. The binding of this antibody was inhibited by not only poly-(ADP-Rib) but also a monomer unit of poly(ADP-Rib), Ado(P)-Rib-P. The sites protected by antibody 10H were isolated and analyzed by hydrolysis with alkaline phosphomonoesterase and then snake venom phosphodiesterase. The sites contained the same amounts of monomer units and branched portions [Ado(P)-Rib(P)-Rib-P] as the original poly(ADP-Rib) molecules but a lower average number of branched portions per molecule than in the original molecules. The other antibody, 16B (IgM, lambda), reacted with only 50% of the radioactive poly(ADP-Rib), and its binding was not inhibited by a monomer unit. This antibody protected 25% of all the poly(ADP-Rib) molecules from hydrolysis by snake venom phosphodiesterase. The protected sites contained twice as many branched portions per molecule as the original poly(ADP-Rib) molecules. These results show that the two monoclonal antibodies recognize different structures of poly-(ADP-Rib); 10H antibody recognizes the linear structure with ribose-ribose linkages, and 16B antibody may recognize specific structures, including the branched portions of poly-(ADP-Rib).

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Isolation of two beta-xylosidase genes of Bacillus pumilus and comparison of their gene products.

The chromosomal DNA fragments of Bacillus pumilus IPO, a potent xylan-hydrolyzing bacterium, were ligated to a vector plasmid, pBR322, and used to transform Escherichia coli C600 cells. Two hybrid plasmids, pOXD28 and pOXN29, were found to enable the transformants to produce beta-xylosidase. The former was found to contain a 2.6-MDa Bg/II fragment and the latter, a 7.7-MDa PstI fragment, both coding beta-xylosidase, but xylanase is coded only on the latter hybrid plasmid. The DNAs inserted in both plasmids originated from the B. pumilus chromosome, but from different regions, as shown by Southern hybridization and the analysis of restriction fragments. beta-Xylosidases I and II, coded on pOXN29 and pOXD28 respectively, were purified to homogeneous preparations and compared. Both were dimer enzymes consisting of 65000-70000-Da subunits. Specific activity and the Km value of beta-xylosidase I to p-nitrophenyl beta-D-xyloside as substrate were respectively 100 and 1/40 times those of beta-xylosidase II. The mobilities of beta-xylosidases I and II on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were also different. beta-Xylosidase I, the gene of which is located near the xylanase gene on pOXN29, can convert xylooligosaccharides to xylose, but beta-xylosidase II had little activity on xylobiose. These results suggest that beta-xylosidase I is the main enzyme for xylan hydrolysis in B. pumilus.

Bacillus↗
PubMed1984

Vaginal absorption of a potent luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue (leuprolide) in rats. IV: Evaluation of the vaginal absorption and gonadotropin responses by radioimmunoassay.

The vaginal absorption of leuprolide (a potent luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue), which has the potential for producing regression of hormone-dependent tumors as well as high gonadotropin-releasing and ovulation-inducing activities, was evaluated in rats by radioimmunoassay. Gonadotropin (luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone) release was concomitantly determined. Although leuprolide disappeared rapidly from the serum after intravenous administration (the biological half-lives were 8.4 min in the alpha-phase and 33.2 min in the beta-phase), long-lasting serum levels were observed when the analogue was administered vaginally. The vaginal absorption was enhanced by adding citric acid to the test solution. The absolute bioavailability, estimated by the AUC of serum leuprolide levels, was 25.8% over 6 h and 38.0% over 12 h in the 5% citric acid solution (pH 3.5). The sustained release of gonadotropin was also obtained after vaginal administration of the analogue. A linear dose absorption correlation of leuprolide was obtained in the range of 10-1000 micrograms/kg in an aqueous solution or methylcellulose jelly. The release of gonadotropin showed a plateau level at greater than 10 micrograms/kg, which corresponds to an effective dose for antitumor activity. The vaginal absorption of leuprolide varied with the estrous cycle, but this effect was eliminated by prior subcutaneous pretreatment with the analogue.

Absorption↗
PubMed1984

Uptake of estrone and estrone-3-sulfate by lung of macaca fuscata.

An equimolar mixture of 3H-E1-S2 and 14C-E1 was injected in one shot into the inferior vena cava near the heart of female Japanese monkey. Following the injection, blood was collected from the aortic arch at intervals of 15 s over a period of 10 min. The concentration of radioactivities in the whole blood and serum was measured. The metabolites were analyzed by DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column chromatography, enzyme hydrolysis, thin layer chromatography and paper chromatography. Both radioactivities of 3H-E1-S and 14C-E1 rapidly decreased in the first 90-s serum sample. The 3H/14C ratio in the 0-15-s serum sample was 5 times higher than the initial ratio of injected compounds. The radioactivities in the serum gradually decreased after 90 s of injection. The 3H/14C ratio in the pulmonary tissue was very low after collecting the final blood sample. This result shows that the most of 3H-E1-S passed through the lung and the larger part of 14C-E1 remained in the lung following injection of these materials. So, it is probable that E1-S is in a form to be carried in the general circulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Metabolism of lynestrenol: characterization of 3-hydroxylation using rabbit liver microsomes in vitro.

In spite of the absence of oxygen at C-3, lynestrenol (17 alpha-ethynyl-4-estren-17 beta-ol) has a marked progestational activity. It is known to be metabolized to norethindrone (17 alpha-ethynyl-4-estren-17 beta-ol-3-one) by 3 beta-hydroxylation and dehydrogenation. In the present study this conversion of lynesterol to norethindrone, via the formation of 3 alpha-hydroxylynestrenol, was investigated using rabbit liver microsomes in vitro. Two hydroxylated metabolites, 3 alpha-hydroxy-lynestrenol and 3 beta-hydroxy-lynestrenol were separated and identified by GLC and GC-MS analyses. In the course of incubation, the concentration of 3 alpha-hydroxy-lynestrenol was much higher than that of the 3 beta-hydroxy isomer suggesting that the metabolic pathway in the conversion to norethindrone proceeds predominantly via 3 alpha-hydroxylation of lynestrenol.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

A new method for rapid spermatozoal concentration and motility: a multiple-exposure photography system using the Polaroid camera.

A multiple exposure photography (MEP) system using the Polaroid camera PM-CP (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) has been developed to accurately estimate the concentration and motility of spermatozoa in routine clinical work for the treatment of infertility. This Polaroid-MEP system is equipped with a xenon stroboscope MS-230 (Sugawara Laboratories Inc., Tokyo, Japan), and Makler's Counting Chamber (Sefi-Medical Instruments, Haifa, Israel). The system immediately produces printed images of spermatozoal tracks at the laboratory of the outpatient clinic, providing objective and exact information about the concentration and the motility of spermatozoa.

Humans↗