Agranulocytosis in a haemodialysed patient induced by a proteinase inhibitor, nafamostate mesilate.
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
H Okada
Publications and source records attributed to H Okada.
Beta-oxidation of butyrate, the short-chain-length fatty acid, occurs in peroxisomes in the yeast Candida tropicalis.
When an n-alkane-utilizable yeast, Candida tropicalis pK233, was cultivated on butyrate, the fatty acid of shortest chain-length for beta-oxidation, as the sole source of carbon and energy, catalase and the enzymes of the fatty acid beta-oxidation system were inducibly synthesized at high levels. As in the alkane-grown cells, the proliferation of peroxisomes was harmonized with the induction of peroxisomal enzymes. The results of subcellular fractionation and immunoelectronmicroscopy indicated the localization of these enzymes in peroxisomes, not in mitochondria. It was suggested that only peroxisomes have a role in fatty acid beta-oxidation in the yeast cells, unlike in mammalian cells, in which cooperation between peroxisomes and mitochondria is essential.
Acetyl-CoA C-Acyltransferase↗
Decreased expression of the membrane inhibitor of complement-mediated cytolysis CD59 on T-lymphocytes of HIV-infected patients.
OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of the membrane inhibitor of complement-mediated cytolysis, CD59, on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from HIV-infected individuals. METHODS: CD59 membrane expression was investigated by double immunofluorescent staining on purified PBMC from HIV-infected patients and seronegative controls. RESULTS: CD59 expression was decreased on peripheral blood T-lymphocytes from HIV-infected patients. Decreased expression of CD59 antigen did not correlate with clinical stage of disease. Low CD59 expression on T-lymphocytes was mediated by several mechanisms, including: (1) decrease in number of CD4+ cells which normally express high amounts of the antigen; (2) relative increase in CD8+ cells, more specifically in CD8+ CD57+ cells expressing a low density of the antigen; (3) loss of or decreased CD59 expression on a subpopulation of CD3+ belonging either to the CD4+ or to the CD8+ subset. Decreased CD59 expression was consistently observed on CD8+ lymphocytes. CD59 expression was normal on patient red blood cells, monocytes and B-lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS: HIV infection is associated with a T-cell-specific defect in CD59 membrane expression. Decreased CD59 expression may result in increased susceptibility of T-lymphocytes from HIV-infected patients to complement-mediated lysis.
Antigens, CD↗
Palindromic morphea: multiple recurrence of morphea lesions in a case of systemic sclerosis.
We report an unusual scleroderma case. A 45-year-old woman had recurrent morphea lesions over 10 times in 6 years. She had had preceding inactive systemic scleroderma. New morphea lesions developed cyclically on various portions of her body and improved within 2 years. Interestingly, new lesions have developed on once involved skin as well as uninvolved skin. No exacerbation of systemic scleroderma was induced by outbreaks of new morphea lesions. We could not find a similar case in the literature and named it "Palindromic morphea" because of its unique clinical course. D-penicillamine treatment had a limited effect. Minimal oral prednisolone (5 mg/day) completely suppressed the multiple recurrence of the morphea lesions and enhanced improvement of the sclerosis.
Female↗
In vitro anti-tumor activity of anti-c-erbB-2 x anti-CD3 epsilon bifunctional monoclonal antibody.
With the aim of developing an effective cancer immunotherapy for common epithelial cancer, a new class of bifunctional antibody (BFA) was developed; one arm of this BFA recognized c-erbB-2 gene product, and the other arm recognized CD3 epsilon, a T-cell specific surface antigen. Application of this BFA with human peripheral blood lymphocytes exhibited specific anti-tumor activity in vitro on a breast tumor cell line, ZR-75-1, which expressed abundant c-erbB-2 gene product on its cell surface. These results indicate that BFA recognizing an oncogene product on cell surface is a potential new agent for cancer immunotherapy.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Structural properties of the glycoplasmanylinositol anchor phospholipid of the complement membrane attack complex inhibitor CD59.
CD59, the membrane regulator of autologous C5b-9 channel formation, exhibits variable sensitivity to cleavage by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC), an enzyme that releases glyco-inositolphospholipid (GPI)-anchored proteins from cell surfaces. To determine whether the GPI-anchor phospholipid of CD59 is similar to that of decay-accelerating factor (DAF) and whether variation in its structure underlies its variable enzyme susceptibility, the GPI anchors of the two proteins expressed on erythrocytes, polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leucocytes were compared in situ and after purification. Flow cytometric analyses of PI-PLC-treated cells showed parallel cell type specific release of both proteins as a function of enzyme concentration. Non-denaturing PAGE analyses of alkaline/hydroxylamine-treated proteins (affinity-purified from [125I]-surface-labelled cells) provided evidence for (i) comparable proportions of GPI-anchor acylation, and (ii) alkali-resistant rather than alkali-sensitive lipid substituents in erythrocytes. These findings argue that the differential C5b-9 sensitivity that distinguishes paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria II and III erythrocytes does not derive from expression of CD59 molecules with alternative GPI-anchor phospholipid structures.
Antigens, CD↗
Long-term effectiveness of antiepileptic drug treatment and seizure recurrence in patients with epilepsy.
We studied the rate of seizure recurrence in 334 patients with epilepsy who had received antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy for at least eight years. During the three-year "observation period" (April 1985-March 1988), 163 or 48.8% of the 334 patients were considered to be seizure-free. Seizures were absent in 53 or 81.5% of 65 patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy, 48 or 40% of 120 with temporal lobe epilepsy, 39 or 39.4% of 99 with partial epilepsy other than those involving the temporal lobe, 2 or 8.3% of 24 with symptomatic generalized epilepsy and 21 or 80.8% of 26 with other epilepsies. Of the 163 patients, 15 or 9.2% suffered seizure(s) during the three-year "follow-up period" (April 1988-March 1991). There was no difference among the different types of epilepsy with respect to seizure recurrence rates. Compared with the 15 patients whose seizures recurred, more of the 148 patients with nonrecurring seizures received AED monotherapy (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were seen between the two groups for other background factors.
Adult↗
The mechanisms of Eikenella corrodens aggregation by salivary glycoprotein and the effect of the glycoprotein on oral bacterial aggregation.
The mechanism of aggregation of Eikenella corrodens 1073 with E. corrodens aggregating factor (EcAF) which was purified from submandibular-sublingual (SM-SL) saliva was investigated. Heating (100 degrees C, 10 minutes) or protease treatment of E. corrodens cells abolished the aggregating activity. The aggregation was inhibited by adding N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and saccharides which contain a galactose residue at the non-reducing end. The aggregating activity was sensitive to EDTA and was restored by Ca2+ but not by Mn2+ or Mg2+. Neuraminidase treatment of EcAF increased their ability to aggregate. E. corrodens, suggesting that the sialic acids on EcAF interfere with aggregation. These data suggest that the aggregation of E. corrodens 1073 with EcAF is mediated by specific interactions between a bacterial cell surface lectin-like substance and a complementary GalNAc-like receptor. EcAF also aggregated 16 strains of oral bacteria including periodontopathic bacteria such as Porphyromonas (Bacteroides) gingivalis 381 and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans ATCC29522; however, those aggregations were not inhibited by GalNAc. Therefore, EcAF appears to have more than two types of bacterial binding site and plays important roles in accumulation of dental plaque by forming a complex network of plaque bacteria including periodontopathic strains.
Acetylgalactosamine↗
Cloning, nucleotide sequences, and enzymatic properties of glucose dehydrogenase isozymes from Bacillus megaterium IAM1030.
Bacillus megaterium is known to have several genes that code for isozymes of glucose dehydrogenase. Two of them, gdhI and gdhII, were cloned from B. megaterium IAM1030 in our previous work (T. Mitamura, R. V. Evora, T. Nakai, Y. Makino, S. Negoro, I. Urabe, and H. Okada, J. Ferment. Bioeng. 70:363-369, 1990). In the present study, two new genes, gdhIII and gdhIV, were isolated from the same strain and their nucleotide sequences were identified. Each gene has an open reading frame of 783 bp available to encode a peptide of 261 amino acids. Thus, a total of four glucose dehydrogenase genes have been cloned from B. megaterium IAM1030. In addition, this strain does not seem to have other glucose dehydrogenase genes that can be distinguished from the four cloned genes so far examined by Southern hybridization analysis. The two newly cloned genes were expressed in Escherichia coli cells, and the products, GlcDH-III and GlcDH-IV, were purified and characterized and compared with the other isozymes, GlcDH-I and GlcDH-II, encoded by gdhI and gdhII, respectively. These isozymes showed different mobilities in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (GlcDH-I greater than GlcDH-III = GlcDH-IV greater than GlcDH-II), although they have the same number of amino acid residues. Double-immunodiffusion tests showed that GlcDH-I is immunologically different from the other isozymes and that GlcDH-III and GlcDH-IV are identical to one another but a little different from GlcDH-II. These glucose dehydrogenases were stabilized in the presence of 2 M NaCl. The effect of NaCl was especially large for GlcDH-III, which is most unstable enzyme. Kinetic studies showed that these isozymes are divided into two groups with respect to coenzyme specificity, although they can utilize both NAD and NADP: GlcDH-III and GlcDH-IV prefer NAD, and GlcDH-I and GlcDH-II prefer NADP. The phylogenic relationship of these glucose dehydrogenase genes is also discussed.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
A new nylon oligomer degradation gene (nylC) on plasmid pOAD2 from a Flavobacterium sp.
Flavobacterium sp. strain KI725 harbors plasmid pOAD21, a derivative of nylon oligomer-degradative plasmid pOAD2, in which all of nylA (the gene for 6-aminohexanoate cyclic dimer hydrolase [EI]) was deleted but nylB (the gene for 6-aminohexanoate dimer hydrolase [EII]) was retained. KI725 showed no growth on unfractionated nylon oligomers (Nom1) obtained from a nylon factory as a sole carbon and nitrogen source (Nom1 minimum plate). Extracts of KI725 cells possessed hydrolytic activity for Nom1 (approximately 5% of the activity of KI72), but pOAD2-cured strains (KI722 and KI723) showed no activity. KI725R strains which grew on the Nom1 minimum plate were spontaneously isolated from KI725 at a frequency of 10(-7) per cell. Activity toward Nom1 was enhanced in KI725R strains (10 to 30% of the activity of KI72). This new Nom1 degrading enzyme (EIII, the nylC gene product) hydrolyzed not only Nom1 but also the N-carbobenzoxy-6-aminohexanoate trimer, a substrate which was not hydrolyzed by either EI or EII. Cloning and sequence analysis showed that the nylC gene is located close to nylB on pOAD21 and is a 1,065-bp open reading frame corresponding to 355 amino acid residues. The nucleotide sequence of the nylC gene and the deduced amino acid sequence of EIII had no detectable homology with the sequences of nylA (EI) and nylB (EII).
Amidohydrolases↗
Increasing aromatase cytochrome P-450 level in human placenta during pregnancy: studied by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
We investigated the immunohistochemical localization of aromatase cytochrome P-450 (P-450arom) using a specific polyclonal antiserum (PAb R-8-2). We compared catalytic activity, as detected by the tritiated water assay, and tissue levels of P-450arom, as detected by the specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, in placental samples from early pregnancy to term. Immunostaining and subsequent detection by light and electron microscopy demonstrated that P-450arom is localized in the microvilli and endoplasmic reticulum of the syncytiotrophoblasts of the chorionic villi, but is not present in the mitochondria, nuclei, or cytotrophoblasts at any time during gestation. The P-450arom concentration and aromatase activity were greater in the microsomal fraction than in the mitochondrial fraction or total homogenate at each gestational stage and increased linearly as pregnancy progressed. However, the specific activity of P-450arom was comparable among subcellular fractions in each gestational period. These results suggest that the nature and localization of P-450arom are unchangeable, and the P-450arom concentration increases during pregnancy. It appears that the aromatase detected in the mitochondrial fraction is a contamination of microsomal aromatase, and the increase in aromatase activity can be attributed to an increase in the number of P-450arom molecules rather than an increase in the catalytic ability of each molecule.
Aromatase↗
Disseminated mycoses in cattle. A study on nine autopsy cases.
Nine cases affected with disseminated mucormycosis (1.3% of all autopsy cases and 20.0% of systemic mycosis) were found among bovine systemic mycosis examined from 1975 to 1985. The disseminated lesions were found in the lungs (3 cattle), heart (2 cattle), liver (2 cattle), spleen (1 beef cattle), kidneys (1 cattle), central nervous system (1 cattle) and lymph node (1 cattle). Histological examination revealed granulomatous lesions, necrotic foci including infarcts, and thromboangiitis with the hyphae of a member of the Zygomycetes and neutrophil reaction. Granulomatous lesions with asteroid bodies were found in the liver. Metastatic foci were established from the primary lesions found in the alimentary organ (4 from the forestomach or abomasum and 1 from the tongue). One case resulted from uterine mucormycosis, and no primary lesion was found in the other 3 cattle. Complicated infection with respiratory aspergillosis occurred in 4 cases with alimentary mucormycosis. All of the 9 cattle had predisposing disorders. Six cattle had been manifested with prolonged debilitating conditions. Anemia was present in 4, leukopenia in 2 and lymphopenia in 1 cattle.
Animals↗
Serum estradiol 17-sulphate and lipid peroxides in late pregnancy.
Estradiol 17-sulphate is readily converted to 2-OH or 4-OH estradiol 17-sulphate. The latter two strongly antagonize lipid peroxidation, which may play certain roles during pregnancy, such as pregnancy-induced hypertension. Serum estradiol 17-sulphate during mid and late pregnancy was measured using a direct radioimmunoassay without hydrolysis, and the level increased as pregnancy progressed. The levels in the sixth (20-23 weeks) and tenth months (36-39 weeks) of gestation were 1.42 +/- 0.04 nmol/l (mean +/- SD) and 3.42 +/- 1.09 nmol/l, respectively. The maternal venous levels before and at delivery and in the umbilical veins and artery were 3.38 +/- 0.83, 3.48 +/- 1.53, 4.11 +/- 1.40 and 4.30 +/- 1.81 nmol/l, respectively. The latter two values were slightly higher than the former two. Estradiol 17-sulphate in maternal venous blood began to decrease around delivery. Serum lipid peroxides were measured using the method of Yagi. Estradiol 17-sulphate and lipid peroxides showed a simple regression slope (r = -0.548, p less than 0.05) during late pregnancy. These results suggest that estradiol 17-sulphate may be converted to 2-OH or 4-OH estradiol 17-sulphate, which act as lipid peroxide scavengers during pregnancy.
Estradiol↗
Immunohistochemical localization of 17 alpha-hydroxylase/C17-20 lyase and aromatase cytochrome P-450 in the human ovary during the menstrual cycle.
Immunohistochemical localization of 17 alpha-hydroxylase/C17-20 lyase (P-450(17 alpha,lyase)) and aromatase cytochrome P-450 (P-450arom) in normal human ovaries during the menstrual cycle was studied using specific polyclonal antibodies which were raised against corresponding enzymes. In the follicular phase of matured follicles, P-450(17 alpha,lyase) was localized in theca interna cells and P-450arom in granulosa cells. P-450(17 alpha,lyase) was expressed in theca interna cells before P-450arom was expressed in granulosa cells. The corpus luteum showed immunoreactivity to both enzymes and, after menstruation, immunoreactivity decreased gradually until it could not be detected in the corpus albicans. In corpus luteum graviditatis the immunoreactivity continued to be expressed strongly. In some atretic follicles, P-450(17 alpha,lyase) and/or P-450arom continued to be expressed. In the stromal layer, P-450(17 alpha,lyase was detected in secondary interstitial cells, which originated from the theca interna of atretic follicles, and P-450arom was detected in hilar cells. Immunoreactivity to both enzymes was also detected in oocytes of developing follicles. These results are consistent with the two cell theory in the human ovary. They also suggest that androgens and oestrogens are produced not only by follicles and corpora lutea but also by stroma and oocytes.
Adult↗
Intrapocket chemotherapy in adult periodontitis using a new controlled-release insert containing ofloxacin (PT-01).
PT-01 is a newly developed water-soluble controlled-release insert containing ofloxacin (OFLX) as an antibacterial agent. The effect of PT-01 was evaluated by split-mouth application after oral hygiene instruction. No mechanical debridement was carried out during the experiment. PT-01 was applied once a week for 4 weeks in the periodontal pockets of 46 patients with adult periodontitis. The control insert without any antibacterial agent was applied in a selected pocket in a different quadrant for each patient. Clinical findings plaque index, PI; gingival index, GI; bleeding on probing, BOP; pus discharge, pus; and probing depth, PD at both PT-01 and control sites were measured at every visit for 4 weeks. Clinical findings were improved at both PT-01 and control sites, but the improvements were much more significant at PT-01 sites, in particular BOP and PD, than at control sites. PI was also significantly reduced at PT-01 sites. These results suggest that weekly application of PT-01 in the periodontal pocket has a significant effect on the resolution of periodontal inflammation and has an inhibitory effect on supragingival plaque deposition.
Adult↗
Rhabdomyolysis accompanying thyroid crisis: an autopsy case report.
Rhabdomyolysis is occasionally associated with metabolic disorders such as diabetic coma, severe electrolyte disturbances and myxedema coma. We describe rhabdomyolysis accompanying thyroid crisis. A 50-year-old man with Graves' disease developed rhabdomyolysis, congestive heart failure and hepatic failure during the course of thyroid crisis and then died of acute renal failure. Postmortem examination revealed rhabdomyolysis in the cardiac and psoas muscles, old myocardial infarction, hepatic centrilobular necrosis, renal cortical necrosis, and follicular hyperplasia in the thyroid. Circulatory collapse and dehydration under excessive hypermetabolic state presumably suppressed the source of energy and oxygen for muscle cells, leading to cellular damage.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
An autopsy case of Crow-Fukase syndrome which developed 18 years after the first manifestation of plasmacytoma.
A 57-yr-old woman developed Crow-Fukase syndrome 18 yr after resection of plasmacytoma of the rib. Irradiation applied to the relapsed plasmacytoma and systemic chemotherapy alleviated symptoms and signs, but the tumor relapsed in the unirradiated cervical lymph node and she died of Pseudomonas pneumonia during chemotherapy 3 yr after diagnosis. Biopsy of the lymph node revealed proliferation of IgG-lambda-positive atypical plasma cells while autopsy revealed plasmacytoma remnant in the pleura of the affected side 21 yr before. No amyloid was found on autopsy. Crow-Fukase syndrome can develop long after the origination of plasmacytoma.
Female↗
Effects of selective vagal stimulation on the gallbladder and sphincter of Oddi and peripheral vagal routes mediating bile evacuative responses induced by hypothalamic stimulation.
Peripheral routes of the vagus nerves to the biliary system were studied in anesthetized dogs using various selective vagal stimulation. Efferent stimulation of the gastric, hepatic, or celiac vagal branch as well as the cervical or thoracic vagal trunk induced gallbladder and Oddi's sphincter contractions, but those induced by hepatic vagal stimulation were rather small. The contraction responses in the gallbladder and sphincter of Oddi induced by thoracic vagal stimulation were greatly reduced after an external ligation around the pyloric sphincter. After administration of sympathetic blockers and atropine, vagally-induced gallbladder contractions were completely abolished and slight relaxation was seen in some animals. On the other hand, relaxation or transient relaxation followed by enhanced contractions was elicited in the sphincter of Oddi by vagal stimulation after atropine and sympathetic blockers. The relaxation response in the gallbladder after atropine and sympathetic blockers was abolished and that in the sphincter of Oddi was greatly reduced after the ligation around the pyloric sphincter. Stimulation of a ventral part of the anterior hypothalamic area induced gallbladder contraction and simultaneous relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi. These responses were completely abolished by the ligation around the pyloric sphincter in six dogs, while a slight relaxation response in the sphincter of Oddi remained in two dogs. These results suggest that the vagal fibers passing across the pyloric sphincter region are important for regulation of canine biliary motility and that extragastric vagal routes play a minor role in the nervous control of canine bile evacuation.
Animals↗