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Biomedical subjects

H Okabe

Publications and source records attributed to H Okabe.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Comparison of proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in odontogenic keratocyst and ameloblastoma: an immunohistochemical study.

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a nuclear protein synthesized in the late G1 and S phase of the cell cycle, and immunohistochemical detection of the protein represents a useful marker for the proliferating fraction of cells in tissue specimens. PCNA expression was studied in odontogenic keratocysts (n = 15) and ameloblastomas (n = 46) using an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method on routinely processed paraffin sections. The percentage of PCNA-positive cells determined by point counting was significantly lower in the ameloblastomas (mean 9.4%, standard deviation (SD) 11.0) than in odontogenic keratocysts (mean 29.9%, SD 24.0). In ameloblastomas, the mean percentage of PCNA-positive cells was lowest in the acanthomatous pattern and highest in plexiform pattern. The mean percentage of PCNA-positive cells in plexiform pattern was non-significantly higher than that in follicular pattern. The mean percentage of PCNA-positive cells in plexiform and follicular patterns was significantly higher than that in cystic and acanthomatous patterns. The frequency of PCNA-positive cells was significantly higher in the peripheral cells of follicular and plexiform patterns than in the central cells of both patterns (p < 0.01). Therefore, peripheral cells were regarded as reserve cell of central cells. The mean percentage of PCNA-positive cells in the epithelial lining of odontogenic keratocyst was not significantly different from those in the peripheral cells of follicular and plexiform patterns of ameloblastoma. In contrast, the odontogenic keratocyst exhibited a mean percentage of PCNA-positive cells which was statistically higher than that in other histological elements of ameloblastomas. The present study suggests that odontogenic keratocyst is regarded as benign odontogenic tumour.

Ameloblastoma↗
PubMed1998

Antiproliferative constituents in Umbelliferae plants II. Screening for polyacetylenes in some Umbelliferae plants, and isolation of panaxynol and falcarindiol from the root of Heracleum moellendorffii.

Methanol extracts of 36 samples of 21 Umbelliferae plants were screened for polyacetylenic compounds using the ELISA for panaxytriol, and their antiproliferative activity was checked by MTT assay using the tumor cell lines MK-1, HeLa and B16F10. The presence of antiproliferative polyacetylenes was suggested in Angelica acutiloba (fruit), Anethum graveolens (root), Bupleurum rotundifolium (fruit), Carum carvi (fruit and root), Coriandrum sativum (fruit), Cryptotaenia japonica (leaf), Glehnia littoralis (fruit), Heracleum moellendorffii (root) and Torilis japonica (fruit). Panaxynol and falcarindiol were successfully isolated from the root of Heracleum moellendorffii as antiproliferative polyacetylenes.

Acetylene↗
PubMed1998

Antiproliferative constituents in umbelliferae plants. III. Constituents in the root and the ground part of Anthriscus sylvestris Hoffm.

The MeOH extract of the root and the ground part of Anthriscus sylvestris Hoffm. showed a high inhibitory activity against MK-1, HeLa, and B16F10 cell growth in vitro. The activity was found only in the CHCI3-soluble fractions. From the CHCI3-soluble fraction of the root, falcarindiol, 1-(3'-methoxy-4',5'-methylenedioxyphenyl)-1 xi-methoxy-2-propene, elemicin, and nemerosin were newly isolated in addition to deoxypodophyllotoxin (anthricin), anthriscusin, (-)-deoxypodorhizone, and anthriscinol methyl ether which were reported earlier as constituents of the root of this plant. From the CHCI3-soluble fraction of the ground part, deoxypodophyllotoxin, (-)-deoxypodorhizone, nemerosin, and falcarindiol were isolated. In vitro antiproliferative activities of the isolates against MK-1, HeLa, and B16F10 cells are reported.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic↗
PubMed1998

Antiproliferative constituents in umbelliferae plants. IV. Constituents in the fruits of Anthriscus sylvestris Hoffm.

The constituents in the fruit of Anthriscus sylvestris Hoffm. were investigated, and four lignans [deoxypodophyllotoxin, morelensin, (-)-deoxypodorhizone, and (-)-hinokinin], one phenylpropanoid [1-(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)-1 xi-hydroxy-2-propene], two phenylpropanoid esters [3',4'-dimethoxycinnamyl (Z)-2-angeloyloxymethyl-2-butenoate and 3',4'-dimethoxycinnamyl (Z)-2-tigloyloxymethyl-2-butenoate], and one polyacetylenic compound (falcarindiol) were isolated. Their antiproliferative activity against MK-1, HeLa and B16F10 cell lines is reported.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic↗
PubMed1998

Neuropathy associated with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy-like T-cell lymphoma.

A 75-year-old woman was admitted because of pain and numbness in the extremities and trunk. She subsequently suffered from lymphadenopathy and spiky fever. The immunohistochemical analysis of the biopsied lymph nodes and sural nerve and electrophysiological examination supported a diagnosis of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy-like T cell lymphoma with polyneuropathy. The infiltrating lymphoma cells of the sural nerve and lymph node shared the same phenotype (CD45RO, CD3, CD30 positive). An increased expression of HLA-DR antigen was observed in endothelial and Schwann cells. Chemotherapy with CHOP-Bleomycin markedly relieved her pain. These findings suggest that a direct lymphocytic infiltration in the nerve may be associated with neuropathy in this case.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Partial deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase manifesting as acute renal damage.

A 32-year-old man who had had frequent gouty arthritis over the past 17 years, was admitted for acute renal failure. Acute renal failure was improved rapidly after medication was resumed and the patient was sufficiently hydrated. The hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) activity in the patient had been reduced to about 30% of the normal control. Therefore we considered that this patient suffered from a partial deficiency of HPRT. A point mutation of HPRT gene 68G (guanine) to T (thymine) was detected. This is a mutation that has not been previously reported. Familial analysis indicated that his mother and sister were heterozygotes.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1998

Preclinical antitumor efficacy of S-1: a new oral formulation of 5-fluorouracil on human tumor xenografts.

S-1 is a new oral formulation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) consisted of 1M tegafur, 0.4M 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine that inhibits a degradation of 5-FU, and 1M potassium oxonate that regulates the phosphorylation of 5-FU in the gastrointestinal tract, and has shown excellent antitumor efficacy against various murine tumors in rodents, compared to the oral tegafur-based antitumor drug, UFT (1M tegafur plus 4M uracil), which is used clinically in Japan. To assess the possibility of clinically using S-1, we investigated the antitumor effect of S-1 on various human solid tumor xenografts in athymic rats and mice. In the nude rat system, S-1 was significantly effective against all 12 tumor xenografts tested when its minimum toxic dose (15 mg/kg) was administered for 14 days. Three tumors, stomach (H-81), colon (KM12C) and breast (H-31) markedly regressed in response to treatment with S-1 but not with UFT. The antitumor potency of S-1 was weak against human tumors xenografted into nude mice and likely similar to that of UFT. The reason of the discrepancy in the efficacy of S-1 between rats and mice was found to be that the 5-FU levels in the blood and tumor tissue of rats after oral administration of S-1 persisted much longer than in mice, and this prolonged maintenance of plasma 5-FU levels was significantly related to the potent antitumor activity of S-1. In conclusion, the results of this study suggested that based on its biological and pharmacokinetic characteristics, oral S-1 should be active against various human cancers.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1998

Homogeneous assay for measuring low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum with triblock copolymer and alpha-cyclodextrin sulfate.

We have developed a fully automated method for measuring LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) in human serum without the need for prior separation, using a nonionic surfactant, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolyether (POE-POP), and a sodium salt of sulfated cyclic maltohexaose, alpha-cyclodextrin sulfate. Of the surfactants tested, POE-POP with a higher molecular mass of the POP block and a greater hydrophobicity reduced the reactivity of cholesterol in lipoprotein fractions; the reactivity in descending order was LDL >> VLDL > chylomicron approximately HDL. Gel filtration chromatographic studies revealed that POE-POP removed lipids selectively from the LDL fraction and allowed them to participate in the cholesterol esterase-cholesterol oxidase coupling reaction system. By contrast, alpha-cyclodextrin sulfate reduced the reactivity of cholesterol, especially in chylomicrons and VLDL. A combination of POE-POP with alpha-cyclodextrin sulfate provided the required selectivity for the determination of LDL-C in serum in the presence of magnesium ions and a small amount of dextran sulfate without precipitating lipoprotein aggregates. There was a good correlation between the results of LDL-C assayed by the proposed method and the beta-quantification reference method involving 161 sera with triglyceride concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 22.6 mmol/L.

Automation↗
PubMed1998

[A case report: right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) reconstruction using homograft for RVOT restenosis after Jatene's procedure of transposition of the great arteries (TGA)].

A 7-year-old boy was admitted for RVOT restenosis. The patient was born following an unremarkable pregnancy and delivery. He was carried out Jatene's procedure for TGA at 23rd day after birth. At 19 month of age, he was removed pulmonary stenosis using patch angioplasty with mono cusp. When he was 6 year of age, the onset of edem, ascites and hepatomegaly were pointed out. At 7 year of age, he was admitted for edema, hypoproteinemia and protein loosing enteropatchy. After he was treated medical therapy, cardiac catheterization showed markedly right atrial and right ventricular hypertension and ventricular septal defect (VSD). Cine angiography suggested the right ventricular outflow tract stenosis, pulmonary valve and tricuspid valve insufficiency. On August 1, 1996, the patient underwent surgical repair: direct closure of VSD, aortic homograft (20mm) replacement for RVOT stenosis and tricuspid valve annuloplasty by DeVega's procedure. Postoperative course was uneventful. At 23rd postoperative day, cardiac catheterization and cine angiography showed no problems. He was not treated with anticoagulation.

Aorta↗
PubMed1998

[Hemodynamic effects of amrinone or milrinone in infant after right heart bypass operation].

After right heart bypass operation, dopamine was continuously infused at 5 micrograms/kg/min. The patients had a stable hemodynamic status but relatively low SvO2, low urine output and peripheral insufficiency. Amrinone was continuously infused at 10 micrograms/kg/min in 5 patients (Group A), or milrinone was continuously infused at 0.5 microgram/kg/min in 5 patients (Group M). After infusion of amrinone or milrinone, arterial blood pressure relatively decreased and heart rate relatively increased. But heart work index did not increased. SvO2 relatively increased. Mean pulmonary artery pressure relatively decreased. The administration of amrinone (Group A) produced relatively thrombocytopenia compared with milrinone (Group M). Two patients had supraventricular arrhythmia in Group A. A patient had ventricular arrhythmia and another patient supraventicular arrhythmia. These patients treated using temporary antiarrhythmia drug or temporary pacing. When the patients discharged, they recovered the normal sinus rhythm. In conclusion, after right heart bypass operation in infants, infusion of amrinone or milrinone appears to be effective and safe combining with dopamine.

Amrinone↗
PubMed1998

Rebamipide prevents indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal lesion formation by inhibiting activation of neutrophils in rats.

Since granulocyte elastase has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal lesion formation induced by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, inhibition of granulocyte elastase release from neutrophils may be useful in the prevention of these lesions. The objective of this study was to determine whether rebamipide inhibits neutrophil activation in vivo and in vitro. Rebamipide and ONO-5046, a specific granulocyte elastase inhibitor, markedly inhibited indomethacin-induced mucosal injury in rats. Gastric myeloperoxidase activity was significantly increased 3 h after indomethacin administration. This increase was significantly inhibited by rebamipide and ONO-5046. Although cimetidine markedly prevented the indomethacin-induced mucosal lesion formation, it did not reduce the gastric myeloperoxidase activity. Rebamipide inhibited granulocyte elastase release from neutrophils in vitro by inhibiting the increase in intracellular Ca2+ level. Cimetidine did not inhibit granulocyte elastase release from neutrophils. Furthermore, the elevation of intracellular Ca2+ level was not inhibited by cimetidine. Therefore, unlike cimetidine, rebamipide may prevent indomethacin-induced mucosal injury by inhibiting neutrophil activation.

Alanine↗
PubMed1997

Leukocyte depletion and ONO-5046, a specific inhibitor of granulocyte elastase, prevent a stress-induced decrease in gastric prostaglandin I2 in rats.

To examine whether activated leukocytes may impair the endothelial production of prostaglandin (PG) I2, an important cytoprotective agent in gastric mucosa, we investigated the effects of leukocyte depletion and ONO-5046, a specific inhibitor of granulocyte elastase, on the gastric level of this prostaglandin and gastric mucosal injury in rats subjected to water-immersion restraint stress (WIR). Gastric 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was increased after 30 min of WIR, followed by a decrease to below baseline after 6 h of stress. Gastric levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in leukopenic animals or animals pretreated with ONO-5046 after 1 h of stress were significantly higher than those of controls, levels after 6 h of stress were not lower than those preceding stress. Leukocytopenia or ONO-5046 significantly inhibited WIR-induced gastric mucosa lesion formation. Iloprost, a stable derivative of PGI2, prevented stress-induced lesions. These results suggest that activated leukocytes may play an important role in stress-induced gastric mucosal lesion formation by inhibiting production of PGI2.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1997

Effect of human urinary thrombomodulin on endotoxin-induced intravascular coagulation and pulmonary vascular injury in rats.

Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) are serious complications of sepsis. Thrombomodulin, an important endothelial anticoagulant, binds thrombin to generate activated protein C (APC). To determine whether thrombomodulin purified from human urine (urinary thrombomodulin, UTM) is useful for the treatment of DIC and ARDS in sepsis, we examined the effect of UTM on endotoxin (ET)-induced coagulation abnormalities and pulmonary vascular injury in rats. Intravenous administration of UTM prevented the ET-induced pulmonary accumulation of leukocytes and the increase in pulmonary vascular permeability, as well as ET-induced histological changes such as leukocyte infiltration and pulmonary interstitial edema. On the other hand, dansyl-Glu-Gly-Arg-chloromethyl ketone-treated factor Xa (DEGR-Xa), a selective inhibitor of thrombin generation, did not prevent these effects of ET. UTM did not prevent ET-induced pulmonary accumulation of leukocytes and pulmonary vascular injury in rats pretreated with DEGR-Xa. Our findings suggest that UTM attenuates ET-induced coagulation abnormalities and pulmonary vascular injury. Furthermore, the latter effect may be dependent on the capacity of UTM to activate protein C.

Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones↗
PubMed1997

Plasma levels of soluble E-selectin in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation.

The plasma level of soluble E-selectin (sE) reflects the activation of endothelial cells induced by cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 in vitro. These cytokines are important in the development of coagulation abnormalities in patients with sepsis. We compared the plasma levels of sE in patients with infections suspected of having disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (n = 33) and in patients with underlying disorders other than infections, including solid tumors (n = 28), obstetric disorders (n = 13), hematologic malignancies (n = 13), and liver disease (n = 9), to clarify the involvement of cytokines in the development of coagulation abnormalities in patients with sepsis. Plasma levels of sE in patients with infection were significantly higher than in patients with the other underlying disorders. The plasma level of sE was also significantly higher in patients with infection with DIC (114.6 +/- 77.9 ng/ml, n = 21) than in patients with infection without DIC (54.5 +/- 53.1 ng/ml, n = 12, P < 0.02). There was no significant difference in sE level between patients with the other underlying disorders with and without DIC. The plasma level of sE was significantly correlated with the serum level of FDP(E) in patients with infection. The plasma level of sE was significantly higher in patients with infection with organ failure compared to patients without organ failure. There was no significant difference between patients with the other underlying disorders with and without organ failure. Plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 were detected in only 12.1% and 20.0% of patients with infections, respectively. These observations strongly suggest that plasma levels of sE reflect the activation of endothelial cells induced by cytokines, which may lead to DIC and organ failure in the presence of sepsis. Furthermore, determination of plasma level of sE may be useful for detecting the endothelial activation induced by cytokines in the pathologic conditions of sepsis, even when plasma levels of cytokines cannot be detected.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1997

Intestinal Behçet's disease--pathognomonic changes in intramucosal lymphoid tissues and effect of a "rest cure" on intestinal lesions.

To clarify the pathognomonic changes of intestinal lesions of Behçet's disease and to determine effective therapeutic measures, we recruited 13 patients with the intestinal form of this disease for study. We performed pathology studies on the resected specimens of 7 patients and treated 5 of the other 6 patients with a low-residue diet. Pathology examination revealed that 6 of 7 had inflammatory ulcerations in the ileocecal region. The ileal ulcers were mainly on the antimesenteric side. We observed remnants of Peyer's patches at the margins of the major ulcerative lesions in 2 of 2 patients examined. There were aggregations of lymphocytes resembling destroyed lymph follicles in the superficial layer at the mouths of small fissuring lesions, and ulcer scars were also noted in Peyer's patches in 4 of 5 other patients. X-ray and endoscopic examinations revealed the disappearance of intestinal lesions in 5 patients within 1 month during, or following the low-residue diet treatment. We found the intestinal lesions of Behçet's disease at sites coinciding with intramucosal lymphoid tissue. The "rest cure" for the affected bowel was effective, i.e., there was significant alleviation of gastrointestinal symptoms and the intestinal lesions disappeared. We speculated that acute exudative inflammation, abscess formation, and consequent ulceration may occur in these tissues by the same mechanisms as those that operate in the positive needle-prick reactions seen in patients with Behçet's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Pubic osteolysis mimicking a malignant lesion: report a case with a fracture dislocation of the sacroiliac joint.

We report the case of a 67-year-old woman who presented to our institution with osteoblastic and osteolytic lesions of the pubis and fracture dislocation of the left sacroiliac joint. She had presented 7 months earlier to an outside institution with a left gluteal mass, which had been biopsied and had been believed to represent malignancy. A second biopsy at our institution showed no evidence of malignancy and was felt to represent fracture healing. A diagnosis of public osteolysis was made based on the radiographic and histologic findings. A follow-up radiograph 6 years after presentation revealed healing of the lesions, confirming its benignity.

Aged↗