Biomedical subjects

H Okabe

Publications and source records attributed to H Okabe.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources

PubMed1993

[A study on plasma allantoin in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis].

Current studies have reported that free radical molecules had anticipated intimately with the pathogenesis of some complications specific for a long term hemodialysis. Among substances generated by free radical reaction, methylguanidine (MG) had been well known as most popular parameter in hemodialyzed patient, but allantoin (Alt) had been reported to be generated from uric acid by hydroxyradical, too. In this study, we measured serum level of Alt in long term hemodialyzed patient and analysed in the comparison with serum level of sialic acid, MG, and MG/Cr value. Serum level of Alt in patients group varied from 2.6 to 105.9 nmol/ml, which was significantly higher as compared with exclusively undetectable level in normal volunteers (n = 15). Serum level of Alt in each patient showed a significant correlation with serum level of a sialic acid (r = 0.400 p < 0.02). Furthermore, although serum level of Alt failed to show a significant correlation with serum level of MG, but showed a significant correlation with MG/Cr value. (r = 0.485 p < 0.01). In addition, higher level could be found in patient group having higher serum level of MG or MG/Cr value. Based upon those results, we proposed that a measurement of serum level of Alt could be of value in detection of free radical reaction in long term hemodialyzed patient.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

[Antiinflammatory effects of the betamethasone sodium phosphate enema on carrageenan induced colitis in the rabbit].

The effect of the betamethasone sodium phosphate (BSP) enema on the colonic mucosal lesions in the carrageenan induced colitis (rabbit) was examined laboratory and histologically. The effect of drugs were evaluated by the changes of body weight, fecal occult blood, blood analysis, and histological examinations. Fecal occult blood were highly positive in the physiological saline treated but less positive in the BSP groups. In the blood analysis, anemia was not detected in both groups. Histological findings such as the defect of superficial epithelium, crypt abscess, inflammatory cell infiltration, atrophic changes, defect of muscularis mucosae, goblet cell depletion, goblet cell depletion, ulcer formation, and edematous change were scored to evaluate the colonic mucosal lesions. These scores (Mean +/- S.D.) were 4.4 +/- 1.96, 7.7 +/- 3.67 for BSP, physiological saline groups respectively. From these results, BSP enema showed an antiulcerative effect on the entire colonic lesions in the carrageenan induced colitis in the rabbit.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Parosteal (juxtacortical) chondrosarcoma of the humerus associated with regional lymph node metastasis. A case report.

Recurring parosteal (juxtacortical) chondrosarcoma of the humerus occurred in a 79-year-old man. Roentgenograms of the left humerus showed minimal cortical irregularity and a large soft tissue mass without calcification or periosteal reaction. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a multilobular tumor of high intensity (T2-weighted imaging) without marrow involvement. During the left shoulder disarticulation an enlarged axillary lymph nodes was discovered and removed. Macroscopic examination of the disarticulated humerus showed a large yellow parosteal mass, which looked like cartilage, completely surrounding the humeral shaft. The marrow cavity was almost normal except for a small erosion at the site of the olecranon fossa. The histologic diagnosis of the mass was Grade 2 chondrosarcoma of parosteal (juxtacortical or periosteal) origin associated with regional lymph node metastasis. The features that made this case unique were a long history of the tumor (for 32 years), minimal cortical destruction of the bone by the tumor, and regional lymph node metastasis. This case illustrates the differential diagnosis of the parosteal chondrosarcoma from periosteal osteosarcoma and extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Potent preventive action of alpha-carotene against carcinogenesis: spontaneous liver carcinogenesis and promoting stage of lung and skin carcinogenesis in mice are suppressed more effectively by alpha-carotene than by beta-carotene.

Although beta-carotene has been considered to be a key cancer preventive agent in green and yellow vegetables, other types of carotenoids, such as alpha-carotene, may also contribute to anticarcinogenic action, since these carotenoids usually coexist with beta-carotene and are detectable in human blood and tissues. In this study, we compared the inhibitory effect of natural alpha-carotene, obtained from palm oil, with that of beta-carotene on spontaneous liver carcinogenesis in C3H/He male mice. The mean number of hepatomas per mouse was significantly decreased by alpha-carotene supplementation (per os administration in drinking water at a concentration of 0.05%, ad libitum) as compared with that in the control group (P < 0.001, Student's t test). On the other hand, beta-carotene, at the same dose as alpha-carotene, did not show any such significant difference from the control group. Furthermore, we also compared the antitumor-promoting activity of alpha-carotene with that of beta-carotene against two-stage mouse lung carcinogenesis (initiator, 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide; promoter, glycerol). alpha-Carotene, but not beta-carotene, reduced the number of lung tumors per mouse to about 30% of that in the control group (P < 0.001, Student's t test). The higher potency of the antitumor-promoting action of alpha-carotene compared to beta-carotene was confirmed in other experimental systems; e.g., alpha-carotene was also found to have a stronger effect than beta-carotene in suppressing the promoting activity of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on skin carcinogenesis in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-initiated mice. These results suggest that not only beta-carotene, but also other types of carotenoids, such as alpha-carotene, may play an important role in cancer prevention.

4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide↗

PubMed1992

Primary structure of guinea-pig Hageman factor: sequence around the cleavage site differs from the human molecule.

The guinea-pig and human Hageman factors differ in their sensitivity to activation by particular bacterial proteinases. To understand this difference, the primary structure and cleavage site on activation of the guinea-pig molecule were determined and compared with the human molecule. By the use of a synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide probe which encoded a part of human Hageman factor cDNA, a cDNA clone was isolated from a lambda gt11 cDNA library of guinea-pig liver and sequenced. The cDNA clone was identified as that of guinea-pig Hageman factor by the complete identity of the deduced amino-acid sequence with the actual sequence of the amino-terminal portion of guinea-pig Hageman factor molecule and the active form. The cDNA included part of a leader sequence and the entire coding region of the Hageman factor molecule. Guinea-pig Hageman factor was composed of the same domain structures as the human counterpart with an overall 72% homology in the amino-acid sequence. However, the sequences around the cleavage site were surprisingly different; -Met351-Thr-Arg-Val-Val-Gly-Gly-Leu-Val359-(human) and -Leu338-Ser-Arg-Ile-Val-Gly-Gly-Leu-Val346-(guinea-pig). The amino-acid substitutions around the cleavage site might explain the difference in sensitivity to activation between the human and guinea-pig molecules.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1992

Direct evidence for systemic fibrinogenolysis in a patient with metastatic prostatic cancer.

Although the possible occurrence of systemic fibrinogenolysis has been suggested in patients with metastasising prostatic cancer (MPC), direct evidence is lacking. We report on a patient with MPC whose laboratory data were consistent with hyperfibrinolysis: marked decrease of alpha 2-antiplasmin (AP) level (less than 50% of normal), increase of plasmin-alpha 2-antiplasmin complex, D-fragment of fibrin and fibrinogen degradation products [FDP(D)] and cross-linked fibrin degradation products (XDP). The patient neither showed laboratory nor clinical evidence for consumption coagulopathy except for a slight increase in thrombin-antithrombin III complex level. Immunoblotting of the patient's serum using an anti-fibrinogen antibody revealed the presence of a 250 kDa protein in addition to DD fragments. Following reduction of this protein by 2-mercaptoethanol after extraction from SDS-PAGE gel, gamma-chain of fibrinogen (47 kDa) was found by immunoblotting using a monoclonal antibody recognising a 86-302 residue of the gamma-remnant of fibrinogen. Moreover, the 250 kDa protein did not bind to Sepharose 4B to which a monoclonal antibody recognising the N-terminus of fragment D was conjugated. These findings indicated that this protein was not fragment DY, but rather fibrinogen fragment X. With the retraction of the prostatic tumour by an effective therapy, the patient's AP level increased gradually. When the plasma AP level rose to 60% of normal, the fragment X was no longer detectable. These findings suggested that systemic fibrinogenolysis occurred in the patient with MPC only when AP levels were markedly decreased.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Basement membranes in adenoid cystic carcinoma. An immunohistochemical study.

Tissue samples from 30 patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma and 20 with adenocarcinoma of salivary gland origin were studied by immunohistochemical staining with specific antibodies to the four macromolecules that are present in normal basement membranes: type IV collagen, laminin, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, and entactin. In the adenoid cystic carcinoma samples, the four proteins were localized in different types of extracellular matrices in the tumor, namely pseudocystic spaces, hyaline stroma, and around tumor cell nests. The staining intensity was enhanced by pretreatment with hyaluronidase. The tumor cells of adenoid cystic carcinoma showed a tendency to proliferate with individual cells in contact with the basement membrane and to infiltrate through basement membrane-rich tissues, such as peripheral nerves, blood vessels, and skeletal muscles. In contrast, only circumferential staining of tumor cell nests was obtained in adenocarcinoma samples. The results suggest that adenoid cystic carcinoma is a tumor with affinity for basement membranes, and this basic feature is reflected in its histology and presumably in its biologic behavior. Immunostaining with antibodies to basement membrane proteins appears to be useful for differential diagnosis of some types of these two carcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1992

Measurement of serum myoglobin by a turbidimetric latex agglutination method.

We evaluated an immunoturbidimetric quantitation for serum myoglobin by the latex agglutination method using an automated biochemical analyzer. This method is rapid, specific, accurate, precise, and has wide dynamic range. The total assay time is 10 min and is performed at 37 degrees C with continuous monitoring at 570 nm. The assay results were compared with radioisotopic immunoassay results and showed a good correlation coefficient, r = 0.99; Y = 0.98 x + 9.3; N = 79. Sera from healthy adults has a myoglobin concentration in the range of 15-80 ng/ml(N = 362). Sex- and age-related differences were observed. The serum myoglobin levels in males and elderly people showed higher concentration than in females and younger people. The peak elevation of serum myoglobin compared with other cardiac markers was observed within 6 hours after onset of chest pain as well as the CK-isoform ratio (MM3/MM1). All of the serum from 21 patients with definite acute myocardial infarction showed increased serum myoglobin levels (100-1200 ng/ml) upon admission and within 6 hours. The results suggest that assays for serum myoglobin levels are helpful in the early diagnosis of acute myocardial necrosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Immunohistochemical analysis of spinal intradural xanthomatosis developed in a patient with phytosterolemia.

Multiple intradural xanthomatous tumors developed in 48-year-old female with familial phytosterolemia. These tumors were restricted to the spinal denticulate ligaments. Histological and immunohistochemical findings were fundamentally similar to those of tendinous xanthomas. The major cellular component of these tumors were identified as of mono-histiocytic origin because they possessed myeloid histiocytic antigen (Mac 387), CD11c and lysozyme but not CD15. Sitosterols, campesterols and cholestanols were recovered from the extract of the tumors and the lesions were confirmed to be phytosterolemic xanthomas. Schwann cells stained with anti-S100 protein were confined to the perivascular small nerve bundles and did not show xanthomatous change. Although immunohistochemical preparation of epithelial membrane antigen and desmoplakin I+II revealed the presence of non-neoplastic meningothelial cells in the superficial portion of the tumors, they were too few to play a significant role in the development of these xanthomas.

Chromatography, Liquid↗

PubMed1992

Treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma.

Of the 692 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who were admitted to our hospital between 1976 and 1990, 60 (8.8%) had small HCC with a maximal diameter of below 2 cm. The outcome of these 60 cases was analyzed after they had been divided into 4 groups based on the therapeutic method used: operation group (17 cases), percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT) group (20 cases), transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) group (13 cases), and oral anticancer drug therapy (per os) group (10 cases). The 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year survival values obtained for the operation group (100%, 87.5%, 87.5%, 87.5%, and 87.5%, respectively) were significantly higher than those found for the per os group (P < 0.01). The best therapeutic results were achieved in the operation group. Although the follow-up period for the PEIT group was short, the 2-year survival of this group was nearly equal to that of the operation group. Whereas the duration of survival tended to increase in inverse proportion to the severity of the underlying liver cirrhosis, the survival values did not differ between solitary and multiple tumors or among the different histological grades of HCC. In this series, 20 patients died; 9 deaths (45.0%) were due to progressive disease and 3 deaths (15.0%) were attributed to hepatic failure. Because the operation group included many patients who displayed relatively good liver function, we cannot rule out the possibility that their excellent outcome may have been associated with this background factor. Therefore, further prospective investigation is necessary to compare the efficacy of various therapies in patient groups with a homogeneous background.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Primary chronic intrasellar haematoma: a case report.

This report describes a rare case of primary intrasellar haematoma in a 66 year-old man with hypopituitarism. Computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an intrasellar cystic lesion with small suprasellar extension. Transsphenoidal surgery revealed that the lesion was a chronic haematoma, without evidence of a tumour or vascular anomaly. Pathological diagnosis confirmed this. This is the first report of a chronic intrasellar haematoma, which is probably primary.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Distribution of tissue markers in acinic cell carcinomas of salivary gland.

Eight cases of acinic cell carcinoma of the salivary glands were histologically reclassified and their immunohistochemical expression and distribution for various tissue antigens were examined. The epithelial elements were divided into tubuloglandular components, microcystic patterns and solid nests. The authors' results indicated the following: 1) The duct luminal cells of tubuloglandular components have distinct epithelial features with cytokeratin (KL 1), alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (alpha 1-ACT), transferrin, lactoferrin, IgA, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) positivity. 2) The cyst-lining cells of microcystic pattern expressed immunophenotypes similar to those of the duct luminal cells. 3) The acinic cells in solid nests had positive results for KL 1, alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT), transferrin, lactoferrin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). 4) The clear cells in solid areas had positive results for KL 1, alpha 1-AT, transferrin and VIP. Both the clear cells and the neoplastic acinic cells showed a rather similar pattern of immunoreactivity. Therefore, the clear cells may transform from the neoplastic acinic cells. 5) Secretory products in tubuloglandular and microcystic patterns had positive results for alpha 1-ACT, lactoferrin, IgA and CEA. 6) The basement membrane-like material between the neoplastic islands has distinct positivity for alpha 1-AT. The result suggests that alpha 1-AT is a useful marker of basement membrane-like material.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

CD7 expression in malignant pleural mesothelioma.

CD7 antigen was found to be expressed on malignant mesothelioma arising from the right pleura in a 15-year-old girl not only by immunostaining using monoclonal antibodies, but also by Northern blot analysis. The level of expression in this tumor was comparable to those in T-cell lines, Jurkat and CCRF-CEM. Cytogenetic analysis of the tumor showed hypodiploidy (n = 43). CD7 has been regarded as one of the hematopoietic cell markers selectively expressed on the majority of T cells and multipotential stem cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a non-hematopoietic tumor expressing CD7.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Proliferative activity in normal salivary gland and pleomorphic adenoma. A study by argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) staining.

Proliferative activity of the structural components of normal salivary glands (27 cases) and characteristic histological areas in salivary pleomorphic adenoma (51 cases) was examined by visualization of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs). In the normal salivary gland, there were clusters of cells, each with two or three AgNOR dots, within the intercalated ducts. The mean number of AgNORs in this portion was 1.80, which was significantly higher than in the other epithelial parts. This indicates vigorous proliferative activity of the intercalated ducts, and thus the ducts may play an important role as reserve cells in neoplastic transformation. In pleomorphic adenoma, solid nests had a high AgNOR count (1.61), showing a significant difference from the tumor cells scattered in the "stroma". Thus the decrease in proliferative ability might occur concurrently with formation of the extracellular matrix.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗

PubMed1992

Nucleolar organizer regions in malignant salivary gland tumors.

Proliferative activity of carcinomas arising from salivary glands was analyzed by enumeration of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs). The mean numbers of AgNORs in the various tumors were as follows: mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 2.20; acinic cell carcinoma, 2.51; adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), 2.57; carcinoma in pleomorphic adenoma, 1.00 (benign component) and 3.99 (cancer-bearing area); salivary duct carcinoma, 4.49; polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma, 3.37; sebaceous carcinoma, 2.57; oncocytic carcinoma, 4.63; adenocarcinoma, 4.53. Cells of most tumors showed heterogeneous activity within the same tumor. In mucoepidermoid carcinoma, the mucous cells had suppressed activity in comparison with the epidermoid cells and intermediate cells. In ACC, the activity of the tumor cells increased according to growth pattern in the order tubular, glandular and solid. In carcinoma in pleomorphic adenoma, vigorous proliferative activity was observed in the malignant component, whereas less active cells were seen in the myxoid or chondroid matrix. AgNOR staining was useful for distinguishing benign from malignant regions in carcinoma in pleomorphic adenoma. Our results suggest that mucoepidermoid carcinoma, acinic cell carcinoma and ACC, except for that with a solid growth pattern, may be considered as low-grade malignancies, whereas solid-type ACC, the cancer component in carcinoma in pleomorphic adenoma and some of the other carcinomas have high-grade malignant behavior.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗

PubMed1992

Immunohistochemical demonstration of enamel proteins in odontogenic tumors.

Immunohistochemical localization of two enamel proteins, amelogenin and enamelin, in comparison with that of keratin, was determined in odontogenic tumors and the allied lesions in order to verify functional differentiation of the tumor cells as ameloblasts. Amelogenin and enamelin were demonstrated in small mineralized foci and in the tumor cells surrounding them in adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT), calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT), and calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC). Hyaline droplets in AOT showed positive staining for both enamel proteins. These mineralized and hyaline materials were not positive for keratin, although tumor cells were positive. On the other hand, no immunoreaction for enamel proteins was obtained in ameloblastoima and odontogenic epithelial cell nests within myxoma and epulis. The results suggest that tumor cells of AOT and CEOT and lining epithelial cells of COC show ameloblastic differentiation in part, but that ameloblastoma cells do not attain functional matauration as secretory phase ameloblasts.

Ameloblastoma↗

PubMed1992

Primary malignant lymphoma of the salivary gland: a tumor of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue.

The clinical, morphologic and immunohistochemical features of 10 cases of the low-grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of salivary glands are described. Although the initial histologic diagnosis in nine of these cases was myoepithelial sialadenitis, the diagnosis of primary salivary gland MALT lymphoma was based on the demonstration of light chain restriction and on morphologic characteristics. Histologic study showed a characteristic cytology, which included centrocytoid cells (composed of small centrocytes and monocytoid B cells) and a varying degree of plasma cell differentiation; the occurrence of epithelial or acinar invasion by neoplastic centrocytoid cells; and the presence of reactive lymph follicles among the neoplastic cells. Furthermore, multinucleate giant cells resembling Warthin-Finkeldey cells were detected in seven cases. In the light of these findings, cases previously diagnosed as myoepithelial sialadenitis require careful assessment and nine out of 32 cases are, in reality, examples of primary salivary gland MALT lymphomas. Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin sections revealed the following characteristic immunophenotype of MALT lymphoma: L26, KiB3 and LN2 positive, and a monotypic immunoglobulin pattern (predominantly IgM/kappa). It was of interest that salivary gland parenchyma, infiltrated by neoplastic centrocytoid cells, reacted with LN3 for cells expressing human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) antigens. Whereas salivary gland epithelia devoid of a neoplastic invasion were invariably negative for LN3. This suggests a lymphocyte-mediated role in salivary epithelial HLA-DR expression. It appears that HLA-DR expression is an inducible phenomenon in MALT lymphomas of salivary gland.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Percutaneous absorption of ketoprofen from acrylic gel patches containing d-limonene and ethanol as absorption enhancers.

The percutaneous absorption of ketoprofen (KPF) from gel patches containing d-limonene and ethanol was investigated in rats. Plasma levels of KPF varied with the kind of polymers which constitute the gel patch, and the highest level was observed when the copolymer of ethylacrylate (EA) and diethyleneglycolmethacrylate (DEGMA) was used as a vehicle. The amount of KPF permeating through the rat skin from the gel patch was well correlated with that of ethanol. Permeations were enhanced with increase in the amount of d-limonene distributed from the vehicle to the skin tissue. The amount of d-limonene accumulated in the skin varied greatly with the kind of polymers; the highest accumulation was observed with the EA-DEGMA copolymer, and decreased with increasing affinity of d-limonene to the polymers. The reason EA-DEGMA copolymer showed the highest percutaneous absorption of KPF from gel patches containing d-limonene may be the hydrophilic nature of this polymer which showed the lowest affinity to d-limonene.

Administration, Cutaneous↗