Biomedical subjects

H Okabe

Publications and source records attributed to H Okabe.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

[Characteristics of various labeled chemiluminescent compounds].

A chemiluminescence has a diverse range of analytical applications and an attractive analytical method for the third generation analysis because a high sensitive luminometer is now available for use with chemiluminescent reactions. A combination of chemiluminescence and a high technology provides a high sensitive assay system for biological substances such as peptide, hormones, antigen and antibody. Characteristics of luminol-dioxetane- and acridium-derivatives as a labeled chemiluminescent compound are reviewed for applications on CLIA and CLEIA.

Biomarkers↗

PubMed1995

[Long-term hemodialysis treatment using femoral vein puncture method (FV-method) as blood access in 12 patients].

It is well known that blood access is essential for long-term hemodialysis treatment. Arteriovenouos fistula (AVF) is the most widely used method. However, this method of access frequently fails (access failure) as a result of stenosis. We attempt simple femoral vein puncture (FV-method) instead of AVF in such patients and have experienced 12 patients who were undergoing hemodialysis treatment using the FV-method, three times a week for more than one year. We devised special needles (18- and 19-gauge) for the FV-method. Generally, we use a 19-gauge needle with 4 side holes. We discuss here the results of 12 patients consisting of 4 males and 8 females with a mean age of 57.9 years, a mean duration of dialysis of 10.0 years, and a mean duration of FV-method of 3.5 years. Their underlying diseases were chronic glomerulonephritis (9 patients), diabetic nephropathy (2 patients) and nephrosclerosis (1 patient). Before the use of the FV-method, AVFs were attempted a man of 3.8 times and an artificial graft, 4 times in 3 patients. Ten patients were outpatients and 2 were inpatients. As for the indications of the FV-method, 11 patients had access failure and another had suffered from heart failure resulting from an over flow of blood through AVF. KT/V, PCR and TACBUN were measured monthly and were within the normal range in almost all of the patients. Concerning complications of the FV-method, hematoma formation after detachment of the needle at the end of dialysis and pain at needle puncture were sometimes noted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗

PubMed1995

[Augmentation of chemotherapeutic efficaciousness of UFT by oral l-leucovorin--growth-inhibitory activity of combination against human tumor xenograft].

Combination chemotherapy with FUra and LV has been reported as a useful treatment for patients suffering from colon carcinoma. Usually, both FUra and LV are administered by intravenous infusion, but not orally. UFT, an anti-neoplastic agent consisting of FT and uracil, is widely used for oral administration in Japan. Using human tumor xenografts of 10 cell lines, we evaluated the efficacy of UFT combined with l-LV, which is the active form of LV, by oral administration. Combined treatment of UFT with l-LV was more effective than UFT alone on the growth suppression of colon carcinoma (KM 20 C, Col-1) and mammary carcinoma (H-31, MX-1). When 1.85 mg/kg (5.55 mg/m2) of LV was given to tumor bearing mice, the antitumor activity of UFT was augmented and at a dose of 5.56 mg/kg (16.7 mg/m2) of LV, it was significantly augmented. Among various 5-FU derivatives, such as UFT, 5'-DFUR or FUra, combined treatment using UFT with l-LV was the most effective by oral administration. l-LV did not improve the anti-tumor efficacy or toxicity of 5'-DFUR. l-LV seemed to augment the anti-tumor activity of FUra, but not significantly. These results suggest that combination chemotherapy of UFT with LV is a promising approach for the clinical treatment of human colon cancer.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1995

[Augmentation of chemotherapeutic efficaciousness of UFT by oral l-leucovorin--l-leucovorin factors enhancing cytotoxic activity of 5-fluorouracil].

The relationship between augmentation of cytotoxic activity of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) by l-leucovorin (l-LV) and combination schedule was investigated using human colon adenocarcinoma KM 20 C cell line. The enhancement of cytotoxic activity of FUra by l-LV or 5-CH3FH4, a main metabolite after oral administration of l-LV, was observed after 96-hr exposure to either l-LV or 5-CH3FH4 at concentrations of greater 0.001 microM or 0.3 microM, respectively. We found that 1.5 microM FUra, which has no effect on cell-growth without l-LV, could suppress strongly the proliferation if cells were co-treated with l-LV for more than 8 hr. Therefore, enhancement of cytotoxic activity of FUra by l-LV depended on the time cell exposure to l-LV. Moreover, this effect was observed even at a concentration of 0.01 microM l-LV after 48-hr exposure. Likewise, it is known that the antitumor activity of FUra correlates with the time-schedule of treatment with FUra. These results suggest that in addition to FUra derivatives which continuously release FUra, it is beneficial for the combination therapy of FUra with l-LV to consider continuous administration of l-LV as well.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1995

Immunohistochemical detection of alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, transferrin and ferritin in ameloblastoma.

An immunohistochemical study was performed to investigate the presence of alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT), alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (alpha 1-ACT), transferrin and ferritin in 32 ameloblastomas and to evaluate the co-expression of these antibodies. Histologically, we recognized the following 6 patterns in the series of 32 ameloblastomas and at least 2 patterns in variable proportions were present in each of our cases: follicular pattern (21 cases, 66%), plexiform pattern (17 cases, 53%), cystic pattern (21 cases, 66%), acanthomatous pattern (10 cases, 31%), granular cell type (2 cases, 6%), and hyalinized stromal pattern (20 cases, 63%). Neoplastic epithelia of cystic pattern were divided into superficial cell, basal cell and whole layer to compare the immunohistochemical localization. The results made on the various patterns of ameloblastomas were as follows: (1) alpha 1-AT positivity in plexiform, cystic and hyalinized stromal patterns was significantly higher than that of alpha 1-ACT (P < 0.05). (2) The incidence of transferrin in follicular and plexiform patterns was markedly higher than that of ferritin in the same patterns (P < 0.025 and P < 0.01). Transferrin strongly stained metaplastic squamous cells of acanthomatous pattern and basal cells of cystic epithelium. (3) Granular cells reacted with transferrin and ferritin. (4) In follicular and acanthomatous patterns, coexpression of alpha 1-AT and alpha 1-ACT, alpha 1-AT and transferrin, or alpha 1-ACT and transferrin was higher than that of another combination. On the other hand, co-expression of alpha 1-AT and transferrin in plexiform and cystic patterns was higher than that of other antibodies. These results of co-expression of 4 antibodies used in the present study, suggest that the histogenesis of follicular and acanthomatous patterns is different from that of plexiform and cystic patterns.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

[Aspartate aminotransferase].

The characteristics and clinical usefulness for aspartate aminotransferase (AST) isoenzyme including apo- and holo-type enzymes were reviewed. The activation effect on mitochondrial- and cytosolic-AST (mAST and cAST) was compared in the presence of PALP, to sera of various diseases such non-alcoholic liver-, heart-, renal, and alcoholic liver diseases. A higher activation by PALP was described on both AST in the sera with ischemic heart disease than liver disease. Significantly higher apo and holo type of serum mAST were found even in patients with alcoholic fatty liver in the early stage of alcoholic liver injury than those in the normal. The mitochondrial injury relates to onset and progression of cellular necrosis so that differential measurement of apo and holo type activities of serum mAST might be useful for early prediction of necrotic diseases.

Aspartate Aminotransferases↗

PubMed1995

The identity of proliferating cells in bone tumors with cartilaginous components: evaluation by double-immunohistochemical staining using proliferating cell nuclear antigen and S-100 protein.

S-100 protein (S-100) appears to be a marker for bone tumors of cartilaginous origin. Any analyses of proliferative activity in S-100-positive tumor cells, however, has not yet been presented. This study assessed the proliferative activity of those cells by means of a double-immunohistochemical staining method using proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and S-100. The most intense reactivity for S-100 was found in the well-differentiated chondrocytes of enchondromas, osteochondromas, and osteosarcomas. On the contrary, the more immature the tumor cells were, the more intensely positive they were for PCNA. In parosteal chondrosarcoma, exceptionally, PCNA-positive as well as S-100-positive cells were abundant, suggesting that these proliferating cells produced S-100. In periosteal osteosarcoma, however, the proliferating cells labeled by PCNA revealed little reactivity for S-100. This immunohistochemical method is potentially useful to know the identity and origin of proliferating cells and may sometimes be diagnostic for bone tumors containing cartilaginous elements.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Direct measurement of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum with polyethylene glycol-modified enzymes and sulfated alpha-cyclodextrin.

We have developed an automated method for measuring high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol in serum without prior separation, using polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified enzymes and sulfated alpha-cyclodextrin. When cholesterol esterase and cholesterol oxidase enzymes were modified with PEG, they showed selective catalytic activities towards lipoprotein fractions, with the reactivity increasing in the order: low-density lipoprotein < very-low-density lipoprotein approximately chylomicron < HDL. In the presence of magnesium ions, alpha-cyclodextrin sulfate reduced the reactivity of cholesterol, especially in chylomicrons and very-low-density lipoprotein, without the need for precipitation of those lipoprotein fractions. The combination of PEG-modified enzymes with alpha-cyclodextrin sulfate provided selectivity for the determination of HDL-cholesterol in serum in the presence of a small amount of dextran sulfate without the need for precipitation of lipoprotein aggregates. The results of the HDL-cholesterol assayed in serum by this direct method correlated well with those obtained by precipitation-based methods and also that by an ultracentrifugation method.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[Dissection of the pseudointima followed by lethal obstruction of the prosthetic graft--a case report].

One-year-old boy who previously had modified Van Praagh procedure for interruption of the aortic arch (Celoria-Patton type A) and double inlet left ventricle with ventriculoarterial discordance was admitted for progressive cyanosis. He underwent reconstruction of the left pulmonary artery and additional left common carotid-left pulmonary artery shunt. During this procedure, severe hypotension of the lower extremities and heart failure occurred for unknown cause. He died on the 7 postoperative day for lung bleeding with disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. Autopsy revealed dissection of the pseudointima and obstruction of the prosthetic graft (interposed between the main pulmonary artery and the descending aorta). This complication seems very rare but a great care should be taken when a prosthetic graft is manipulated later.

Aorta, Thoracic↗

PubMed1995

[An epidemiologic study on pathogenesis of uric acid urolithiasis].

We reviewed 5477 patients with urinary calculi who presented during the years from 1975 to 1993. During this time the percentage of calcium stones has remained at approximately 86%. However over the same period the rate of urinary calculi composed of uric acid has increased and is now about 7.2%. The number of uric acid stones has increased 3.5 times compared to 1975. 355 of 394 (90.1%) with uric acid stones are male. We believe that the increase in the numbers of patients seen with gout, hyperurisemia of a high alcohol intake.

Alcohol Drinking↗

PubMed1995

Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin reduces endotoxin-induced pulmonary vascular injury via protein C activation in rats.

Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a serious complication of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) or multiple organ failure. To determine whether recombinant soluble human thrombomodulin (rsTM) may be useful in treating ARDS due to sepsis, we investigated the effect of rsTM on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary vascular injury in rats. The intravenous administration of rsTM prevented the increase in pulmonary vascular permeability induced by LPS. Neither heparin plus antithrombin III (AT III) nor dansyl Glu Gly Arg chloromethyl ketone-treated factor Xa (DEGR-Xa), a selective inhibitor of thrombin generation, prevented LPS-induced vascular injury. The agents rsTM, heparin plus AT III, and DEGR-Xa all significantly inhibited the LPS-induced intravascular coagulation. Recombinant soluble TM pretreated with a monoclonal antibody (moAb) that inhibits protein C activation by rsTM did not prevent the LPS-induced vascular injury; in contrast, rsTM pretreated with a moAb that does not affect thrombin binding or protein C activation by rsTM prevented vascular injury. Administration of activated protein C (APC) also prevented vascular injury. LPS-induced pulmonary vascular injury was significantly reduced in rats with leukopenia induced by nitrogen mustard and by ONO-5046, a potent inhibitor of granulocyte elastase. Results suggest that rsTM prevents LPS-induced pulmonary vascular injury via protein C activation and that the APC-induced prevention of vascular injury is independent of its anticoagulant activity, but dependent on its ability to inhibit leukocyte activation.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Vascular changes in major and lingual minor salivary glands in primary Sjögren's syndrome.

A histological investigation of the vascular changes of three major and lingual minor salivary glands in primary Sjögren's syndrome was carried out on eight autopsied Japanese patients. This study compares vascular lesions in salivary glands between one group of four short-term corticosteroid-treated patients (Cases 1, 3, 4 and 7) and the other group of four long-term corticosteroid-treated patients (Cases 2, 5, 6 and 8). We proposed the following five stages for morphogenesis of arteritis; (1) endothelial swelling, (2) thrombosis, (3) fibrinoid degeneration, (4) necrotizing panarteritis and (5) endarteritis obliterans. Endothelial swelling was seen in small-to-large arteries of major salivary glands and the tongue, and this finding was considered as the initial change of vascular lesion. Thrombosis was observed in the small arteries of both organs. Fibrinoid degeneration and necrotizing panarteritis were predominantly localized in small and middle-sized arteries. Endarteritis obliterans was observed in small and large arteries of major and lingual minor salivary glands in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Vascular lesion of this type was common in the four patients who received corticosteroid for more than 12 months. Corticosteroid therapy appears to accelerate the fibrotic change of the vascular wall. Therefore, we suggest that essential vascular lesions of major and lingual minor salivary glands in primary Sjögren's syndrome may include four types (endothelial swelling, thrombosis, fibrinoid degeneration and necrotizing panarteritis), excluding endarteritis obliterans.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗

PubMed1995