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Biomedical subjects

H Oka

Publications and source records attributed to H Oka.

At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Refractoriness to platelet transfusion following double valve replacement in an ITP patient who had undergone splenectomy.

Reports of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) undergoing cardiac surgery are rare, and almost all of the reported cases required platelet transfusion. ITP patients, especially those having a history of splenectomy or a history of heavy bleeding, may have to undergo multiple platelet transfusions. Such transfusions may induce alloimmunization against the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and result in refractoriness to subsequent platelet transfusions. We report a case of a 63-year-old female with ITP, with a history of splenectomy and multiple platelet transfusions, who underwent aortic and mitral valve replacement. Although corticosteroid administration, high-dose immunoglobulin therapy, and repeated platelet transfusion led to a temporary increase in platelet count and successful hemostasis, refractoriness to platelet transfusion occurred postoperatively because of the presence of the anti-HLA antibody. In addition, the patient showed complications of pyothorax. Corticosteroids might have exerted an inhibitory influence on the occurrence of pyothorax.

Aortic Valve↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Disseminated cholesterol embolism after coronary artery bypass grafting.

Blue toe syndrome caused by cholesterol emboli is a relatively benign disease. However, disseminated cholesterol embolism is a life-threatening condition. We describe here the case of a 71-year-old female admitted because of anterior chest pain and intermittent claudication. Following cardiac catheterization, warfarin potassium was administered. However, the patient's toes soon darkened bilaterally, and BUN and creatinine levels increased from the normal value. Skin discoloration and renal failure were improved after stopping warfarin potassium administration. The patient underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and left femoropopliteal bypass. Cerebral infarction and renal failure occurred postoperatively due to disseminated cholesterol embolism. The patient died from renal failure on the 16th postoperative day without regaining consciousness following surgery. For high risk patients, interventional procedures to the ascending aorta must be avoided. When CABG cannot be avoided for coronary revascularization, off-pump bypass and use of arterial grafts are recommended.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Noninvasive endoscopical measurement of gastric mucosal blood flow in the anesthetized rat.

Endoscopical measurement of gastric mucosal blood flow seems to provide substantial advantages for noninvasive and repetitive scrutiny, especially in small animals. We employed a quartz probe 0.5 mm in diameter which was inserted into the gastric lumen through the forceps channel (0.8 mm in diameter) of the endoscope. Gastric mucosal blood flow determined with this probe in combination with laser Doppler velocimetry were sufficiently consistent and reproducible in the corpus as long as the tissue-to-probe distance was positioned in gentle contact with the gastric mucosa perpendicularly. Topical application of endothelin-1 produced a significant long-lasting decline in gastric mucosal blood flow, although laparotomy per se resulted in a slight decrease of the blood flow. Endoscopic measurement of gastric mucosal blood flow seems simple and reproducible with high potential for chronic studies.

Anesthesia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A study of endotoxaemia in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.

Hepatic reticuloendothelial function may be diminished in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Endotoxin concentrations in peripheral blood and in the superior mesenteric vein were measured, by the beta-glucan sensitive, factor-free, endotoxin-specific limulus assay, in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and liver cirrhosis (non-PBC cirrhosis). Endotoxaemia was detected in the peripheral blood of seven out of nine patients (78%) with asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis, but in only two out of thirteen patients (15%) with non-PBC cirrhosis. The endotoxin level was significantly higher in the earlier stages of primary biliary cirrhosis than in the later stages (P < 0.05). The endotoxin level in superior mesenteric vein blood was significantly lower in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis than in patients with non-PBC cirrhosis. Peripheral endotoxaemia in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis may be due to the diminished capacity of the hepatic reticuloendothelial system, for phagocytosis of endotoxin.

Endotoxins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Selective transfer of cyclosporin to thoracic lymphatic systems by the application of lipid microspheres.

To overcome some of the disadvantages of present cyclosporin A (CsA) therapy, lipid microspheres incorporating CsA (lipo-CsA) were designed and their selective transfer to thoracic lymphatic systems was evaluated in vivo. It was found that concentrations of CsA in lymph-ducts were about 46 times higher after 2 h and 9-10 times higher after 3 h following oral administration of lipo-CsA, compared with those of conventional CsA. The concentrations in plasma produced by lipo-CsA were also higher than those produced by conventional CsA.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Olfactory neuroepithelioma arising from the olfactory placode.

The patient was a 54-year-old man, who had lost his sense of smell 6 years previously and had started to become forgetful about 6 months prior to presenting at hospital. MRI admission showed a large multicystic tumor with Gd-DTPA enhancement extending from the anterior cranial fossa through the sphenoid sinus and into the nasal cavity. Histopathological examination revealed extensive proliferation of small round cells that were divided by connective tissue septae. The tumor cells occasionally formed tubular structures, although no basement membranes were present. On immunostaining, round tumor cells were positive for neuron-specific enolase, synaptophysin, and chromogranin A, while cells forming tubules were positive for AE 1 and CAM 5.2. Almost all of the tumor cells were positive for Ber-EP4, and some of the epithelioid cells surrounding the tubular structures were also positive for luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH). Electron microscopy demonstrated sporadic intercellular junctions, many microtubules in the tumor cell processes, and clear- and dense-cored vesicles in the cytoplasm. Based on the results, this case appears to be the first documented neuroepithelioma with Ber-EP4- and LH-RH-positive cells arising from the olfactory placode.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
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Primary intracerebral malignant melanoma with leptomeningeal spread, extradural extension and lung metastasis.

A rare primary intracerebral solitary malignant melanoma with extracranial metastasis is reported. The patient was a 66-year-old man who was revealed to have a tumor in the right temporal lobe by MRI. The tumor was totally resected and the histopathological diagnosis was malignant melanoma. Despite postoperative treatment with chemo-radiotherapy, tumor recurred with multiple subarachnoid dissemination. Complete autopsy showed marked leptomeningeal dissemination of tumor in the cerebro-spinal compartment. In the outside of the central nervous system, a microscopic metastatic nodule was found in the right lung. Metastatic tumor in the spinal cord showed the extradural extension which might have led to hematogenous metastasis to the lung.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Survey of residual tetracyclines in kidneys of diseased animals in Aichi Prefecture, Japan (1985-1997).

A survey was conducted to determine the incidence of tetracycline antibiotic (TCAs) residues in the kidneys of slaughtered animals that did not pass inspection for human consumption by the Japanese Food Sanitation Law and the Meat Inspection Law at the slaughterhouses in Aichi Prefecture, Japan, from April 1985 to March 1998. The kidneys were analyzed by the AOAC Official Method 995.09. Among 424 animals (147 cattle and 277 pigs), 131 (30.9%) were contaminated with TCAs, including 69 (16.3%) with chlortetracycline (CTC), 61 (14.4%) with oxytetracycline (OTC), 3 (0.7%) with tetracycline (TC), and 1 (0.2%) with doxycycline (DC). One sample (cattle kidney) was contaminated with both OTC and DC. The frequencies of OTC and TC residues were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in cattle than in pigs, whereas, the frequency of CTC was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in pigs. Pig kidney samples collected in 1991-1997 had significantly higher incidences of TCAs and CTC (p < 0.01) residues than those in 1985-1986.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Germinoma with a granulomatous reaction. Problems of differential diagnosis.

The patient was a 6 year-old girl with a progressive loss of visual acuity. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a suprasellar mass lesion with enhanced gadolinium which was resected. Histopathological study showed a remarkable granulomatous reaction, but a diagnosis was difficult. However, immunohistochemical study showed a few cells that were positive for placental alkaline phosphatase and it was diagnosed as germinoma. Intracranial germinoma with a remarkable granulomatous reaction is rare. However, when germinoma is suspected clinically, an immunohistochemical study is able to identify germinoma even if granulomatous disease is diagnosed histopathologically.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Invasive meningioma is associated with a low expression of E-cadherin and beta-catenin.

Invasive meningioma shows benign histological features (WHO grade 1) and the brain expansion at the tumor-brain interface, and recurs more frequently than common meningiomas. To determine the mechanism of brain expansion, we studied the relationship between invasive meningioma and cell adhesion molecules. Immunostaining for E-cadherin (E-CH), N-cadherin (N-CH), beta-catenin, and Ki-67 was performed in 103 meningiomas that consisted of 61 meningothelial meningiomas, 25 fibrous meningiomas, 12 invasive meningiomas and 5 anaplastic meningiomas. All tumors were negative for N-CH. All the 61 meningothelial meningiomas, 10 of 12 invasive meningiomas, and 3 of 5 anaplastic meningiomas were positive for both E-CH and beta-catenin, while these were both negative in all of the fibrous meningiomas. In invasive meningiomas, the expansive part of the tumor showed a lower rate (4/12 tumors) of E-CH and beta-catenin positivity, while the central part showed a higher rate (10/12 tumors). The Ki-67 labeling index was higher in invasive and anaplastic meningiomas than in meningothelial meningiomas. These results suggest that a reduction in cell adhesion molecules and increased proliferative activity may be related, which may lead to a better understanding of the mechanism of meningioma expansion in the future.

Cadherins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

(1-->3)-beta-D glucan is a diagnostic and negative prognostic marker for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with connective tissue disease.

OBJECTIVE: To assess risk factors for P. carinii pneumonia (PCP) and compare the outcome of survivors and nonsurvivors in patients with various connective tissue diseases (CTD). METHODS: A retrospective study according to medical records recent 5 years was done to recruit patients with a definite diagnosis of PCP with CTD. RESULTS: Fifteen PCP patients were recruited, 10 women and 5 men (mean age: 54.4 +/- 4.69 years). Positive cases of (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan (beta-glucan) were 13 cases out of 15 (86.7%). There was a significant difference between survivors and nonsurvivors in hypoalbuminemia (p = 0.02), and high levels of beta-glucan (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: These results suggested beta-glucan could be a diagnostic and negative prognostic marker of PCP.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ciliated craniopharyngioma may arise from Rathke cleft cyst.

OBJECTIVE: The histogenesis of craniopharyngioma is not fully understood. We encountered a ciliated craniopharyngioma, the details of which may shed light on the histogeny of craniopharyngioma in general. PATIENT: A 74-year-old man presented with visual disturbance. Computed tomography showed an intra-suprasellar cyst including a solid tumor. Transsphenoidal surgery was performed. During surgery, the cyst was found to contain mucoid milky-white fluid and a solid tumor 1 cm in diameter. Histologically, the tumor was shown to be a papillary type craniopharyngioma with foci of ciliated columnar epithelial cells. Ciliated craniopharyngioma was diagnosed. CONCLUSION: Our findings in this case together with findings in other reported cases suggest that the basal cells of Rathke cleft cyst transform to papillary type craniopharyngioma after squamous metaplasia, explaining the presence of the cilia and goblet cells.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor arising from the spinal cord--case report and review of the literature.

Spinal atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is extremely rare. We report this rare case and review the literature of spinal AT/RT. A 10-month-old girl presented with rapidly progressive paraplegia. Magnetic resonance images revealed an intramedullary tumor occupying the entire spinal canal below Th10. An urgent operation, consisting of decompression by laminectomy and biopsy, was performed. Histologically, the tumor specimen had many rhabdoid cells with prominent nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion. It showed mitosis and necrosis. The tumor cells were immunoreactive for vimentin, desmin, smooth muscle actin, neuron-specific enolase, neurofilament, epithelial membrane antigen, and CAM5.2. Despite chemotherapy and radiotherapy, she died 3 months after admission. The present case is only the third detailed report of spinal AT/RT. Spinal AT/RT carries a poor prognosis, and therefore should be distinguished from other embryonal tumor.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Limited survey of residual tetracyclines in tissues collected from diseased animals in Aichi Prefecture, Japan.

Tissues were collected to survey the actual conditions of tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) residues in slaughtered animals that did not pass inspection at slaughterhouses in Aichi Prefecture, Japan, because of the presence of disease symptoms. Tissues were analyzed by liquid chromatography. Among 271 samples, 49 (18.1%) were positive for oxytetracycline (OTC), 5 (1.8%) for chlortetracycline (CTC), and 5 (1.8%) for doxycycline (DC), respectively. One sample (cattle kidney) was positive for both OTC and DC. However, tetracycline was not detected in any samples. Percentage frequencies of TCs residues were 29.1% (37/127) and 15.2% (22/144) for cattle and hogs, respectively. Kidney samples showed higher incidence of TCs residues and 1.5-7 times higher residual concentrations than liver and miscellaneous samples.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Analysis of methyl isothiocyanate in wine by gas chromatography with dual detection.

Methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) was extracted from a 5 mL wine sample with 2 mL dichloromethane, and the extract was washed with 5% sodium chloride solution. MITC was determined by gas chromatography with a dual nitrogen-phosphorus detector (NPD) and a flame photometric detector (FPD, S mode) (DB-210 column, 30 m x 0.53 mm id, column temperature, 70 degrees C). The limit of detection and quantitation of MITC with NPD-GC were 0.003 and 0.01 ppm, respectively. Average recoveries of MITC added to wine at 1 and 0.1 ppm were over 95%. This method is simple and rapid for routine analysis of MITC in wine.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Improvement of chemical analysis of antibiotics. Part XIX: Determination of tetracycline antibiotics in milk by liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography/fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry.

A precise liquid chromatographic (LC) determination with high sensitivity and a reliable mass spectrometric (MS) confirmation were established for the determination of tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) in milk. The determination of the TCs was based on C18 cartridge cleanup followed by LC separation. Recoveries of TCs from milk fortified at 20 ppb were 73.0-81.8%, and coefficients of variation were 2.6-4.6%. With this method, concentrations of oxytetracycline and tetracycline as low as 10 ppb and chlortetracycline and doxycycline as low as 20 ppb were determined readily. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC)/fast atom bombardment (FAB) MS with a condensation technique was used to confirm TCs in milk. After the C18 cartridge cleanup, separation on a C8 TLC plate, and application of the sample condensation technique, FAB mass spectra were measured. TCs in milk at 50 ppb were reliably confirmed by TLC/FABMS.

Animals↗