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Biomedical subjects

H Ohyanagi

Publications and source records attributed to H Ohyanagi.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Clinical study on the effect of chemotherapy in the treatment of pancreatic cancer].

The effect of chemotherapy in the treatment of pancreatic cancer was evaluated on the basis of prognosis in 299 patients treated at the Kobe University Hospital and the Interhospital Cooperative Study Group for Multidisciplinary Approaches to Treatment of Pancreatic and Biliary Cancer. One hundred forty-three patients with pancreatic cancer were treated with a number of chemotherapeutic agents, while ninety-eight patients did not receive any chemotherapy. There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics between the two groups. The treated patients had a median survival time of 6 months and a one-year cumulative survival rate of 25.3%. These were significantly different compared with figures of 3 months and 9.5% for non-treated control patients. A chemotherapy regimen consisting of fluoropyrimidines was also confirmed to be effective. These results suggest that the chemotherapeutic approach appears quite promising and is effective for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1988

[Experimental study on therapeutic plasmapheresis with the biliary decompression in the treatment of obstructive jaundice].

The effectiveness of therapeutic plasmapheresis with the biliary decompression was evaluated using animal model in the treatment of obstructive jaundice. Plasma exchange (PE) using fresh frozen plasma was carried out with biliary decompression on canine jaundice model made by means of ligation and resection of bile duct. Routine biochemical analysis was performed following the PE and biliary drainage and the result was compared with the external biliary drainage group. Plasma level of total bilirubin decreased after PE and kept lower level while plasma level of bilirubin in external biliary drainage group decreased slowly. M-GOT and GOT level, those are the indicators of liver cell injury, was lower in PE group. Mitochondrial function of liver cell was evaluated following partial hepatectomy carried out two days after PE with biliary decompression on jaundiced rat. Mitochondrial respiratory control ratio and ADP/O ratio was improved in PE group. The effectiveness of PE is speculated as the combined mechanism of the removal of hepatotoxic factors in the jaundiced plasma and the addition of hepatotrophic factors within the fresh frozen plasma. These results support the effectiveness of PE to shorten the biliary drainage period and to improve the hepatic function for perioperative management.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Changes of gluconeogenesis and alanine metabolism following partial hepatectomy in normal and cirrhotic rats].

Gluconeogenesis and alanine metabolism of normal and cirrhotic rats were studied in view of partial hepatectomy. Liver cirrhosis was made by repeated injection of thioacetamide in rat. Partial hepatectomy was performed by modified method of Higgins-Anderson. Liver glycogen and fructose-2, 6-bisphosphate were decreased after hepatectomy and recovered within 7 days in normal groups, while those of cirrhotic group reduced even in preoperative state were further decreased and hardly recovered after hepatectomy. Gluconeogenesis of perfused liver in cirrhosis was increased from both lactate and alanine preoperatively, but gluconeogenesis from alanine was not increased in both hepatectomized rats. ATP and energy charge were decreased after hepatectomy and recovered within two weeks. These level were lower in cirrhotic group, and decreased further and hardly recovered after hepatectomy. Alanine utilization to CO2 in vivo was not impaired in cirrhotic group either preoperatively or postoperatively. ATP and energy charge were increased by alanine injection in hepatectomized rats of both normal and cirrhotic group. In conclusion, glucose-insulin therapy of sufficient amounts is important to improve decreased glycolysis and abnormal gluconeogenesis on both post-hepatectomy period of normal and pre and post-hepatectomy period of cirrhosis. Also alanine is effective for stimulating decreased energy production.

Alanine↗
PubMed1987

[Quality of life after resection of the stomach].

The quality of life after operation was analyzed using a questionnaire from 283 patients who received gastrectomy between 1972 and 1983 at Kobe University Hospital. Kruskal-Wallis analysis and Dunn's multiple comparison analysis were used to analyze multiple factors consisting of background, therapeutic and prognostic factors when the level of social activity is considered as the final evaluation. Categorical principle component analysis was used to examine the relationship among each factor and to verify the former results. The background factors played an important role for the outcome (i.e., longer survivors and/or patients with beign disease had better outcomes and patients over 60 years and/or with body weight less than 50kg had worse outcomes). In the analysis of therapeutic factors, it was suspected that suitable resection under suitable curability and/or suitable reconstruction method in the total resection of the stomach contributed to a better outcome. Also, therapeutic control of diarrhea after gastrectomy was suspected as being important among the many prognostic factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Enhancement of fibroblast growth factor-induced diacylglycerol formation and protein kinase C activation by colon tumor-promoting bile acid in Swiss 3T3 cells. Different modes of action between bile acid and phorbol ester.

A small amount (50-200 microM) of deoxycholate (DOC), a colon tumor-promoting bile acid, did not show a direct effect on protein kinase C activity in a cell-free system, but enhanced fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-induced diacylglycerol formation and protein kinase C activation in Swiss 3T3 cells. DOC potentiated both reactions induced by submaximal doses of FGF but showed little effect on the maximal levels of the reactions. DOC alone was inactive in eliciting both reactions in the absence of FGF. DOC did not affect the binding of FGF to the cells. Since it has been described that diacylglycerol serves as a messenger for the activation of protein kinase C in the action of FGF in Swiss 3T3 cells [(1985) FEBS Lett. 191, 205-210], these results suggest that a small amount of DOC increases the sensitivity to FGF of diacylglycerol formation and thereby potentiates protein kinase C activation in this cell line. This action of DOC was in marked contrast to that of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, a potent tumor-promoting phorbol ester, which directly activated protein kinase C in cell-free and intact cell systems.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Enhancement of secretagogue-induced phosphoinositide turnover and amylase secretion by bile acids in isolated rat pancreatic acini.

Small amounts (0.1-0.5 mM) of deoxycholate enhanced amylase secretion, which had been induced by submaximal doses of carbachol or cholecystokinin octapeptide, without affecting the maximal levels of these reactions from isolated rat pancreatic acini. Deoxycholate alone did not induce these reactions. The other bile acids such as cholate, chenodeoxycholate, ursodeoxycholate, and taurocholate were also active. Under the similar conditions, deoxycholate enhanced the secretagogue-induced diacylglycerol formation that was derived mainly from the phospholipase C-mediated hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol-4-monophosphate. Deoxycholate did not enhance the secretagogue-induced hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate or Ca2+ mobilization. Deoxycholate did not affect amylase secretion, which was induced by the simultaneous addition of protein kinase C-activating 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin. Since diacylglycerol and Ca2+ may be responsible for the secretagogue-induced amylase secretion, our results indicate that small amounts of bile acids increase the sensitivity to the secretagogue of diacylglycerol formation and subsequent activation of protein kinase C, and thereby enhance amylase secretion from pancreatic acini.

Amylases↗
PubMed1986

[Experimental study on carbohydrate metabolism and pancreatic endocrine function after pancreatectomy--influence of islet activating protein (IAP)].

The influences of IAP on the residual pancreatic endocrine function and carbohydrate metabolism after extensive pancreatectomy in the rat were studied with oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), arginine tolerance test (ATT), and measurement of hepatic glycogen, and hepatic glycolytic enzyme activity, and histological examination, etc. Wistar male rats weighing around 300 g were divided into the groups with IAP treatment and without it, and in the group with IAP treatment IAP 10 micrograms/kg was administered without anesthesia via the tail vein. In each group 60 and 90% pancreatectomies were performed in accordance with Scow's method, and the simple laparotomy group was used as control. Slight abnormality of glucose tolerance was shown in 60% pancreatectomy. The abnormality became worse with time in 90% pancreatectomy. Glucagon secretion was not damaged markedly even after extensive pancreatectomy. IAP stimulated IRI secretory response and improved glucose tolerance in 60% pancreatectomy group. IAP showed no effect in 90% pancreatectomy group. IAP did not stimulate IRG secretory response after pancreatectomy. Hepatic glycolytic enzyme activity was high in the group with IAP treatment. From the above observation, it has been suggested that IAP may be indicated for the abnormal carbohydrate metabolism after pancreatectomy, if pancreatectomy is not too extensive.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Enhancement of growth factor-induced DNA synthesis by colon tumor-promoting bile acids in Swiss 3T3 cells. Their different mode of action from that of phorbol esters.

In Swiss 3T3 cells, colon tumor-promoting deoxycholate (DOC) enhanced DNA synthesis which was induced by fibroblast growth factor (FGF) in the presence of insulin. This effect was observed only when DOC was added within 10 h after the addition of FGF. DOC by itself did not induce DNA synthesis irrespective of the presence or absence of insulin. Similar results were obtained with other colon tumor-promoting bile acids such as cholate, chenodeoxycholate and taurocholate. In contrast to these bile acids, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induced DNA synthesis fully without FGF in the presence of insulin. DOC did not affect TPA-induced DNA synthesis. Prolonged treatment of the cells with phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate caused the down-regulation of the phorbol ester receptor and rendered the cells unresponsive to TPA. In these cells, FGF still induced DNA synthesis in the presence of insulin, but the maximal level was reduced to about one third of that in the control cells. DOC did not enhance this DNA synthesis any more. DOC did not alter the binding of FGF to the cells. These results indicate that colon tumor-promoting bile acids enhance the mitogenic action of FGF and thereby stimulate DNA synthesis, although the phorbol ester substitutes for the mitogenic action of FGF.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Present status of clinical studies of Fluosol-DA (20%) in Japan.

Fluosol-DA (20%) is a fine-particle stable emulsion with low toxicity and rapid elimination from the body. Based on comprehensive animal experiments and phase one human studies, Fluosol-DA (20%) has been given clinically to 401 patients in Japan. In 270 of these patients, it was given to treat severe hemorrhage, and in 131, it was given to improve impaired cerebral circulation or for other nonhemorrhagic indications. In these studies, Fluosol-DA (20%) was effective as a blood gas carrier as well as a plasma expander. After infusion of 20 ml of Fluosol-DA (20%) per kilogram of body weight, while maintaining the FIO2 at or near 0.5 or 0.6, PFCs transport an amount of oxygen equivalent to approximately 6.3 +/- 1.4% of the oxygen transported by the hemoglobin phase and approximately 100% of the oxygen transported by plasma. The arteriovenous oxygen difference in the PFC phase was approximately 25 to 30% of that in the hemoglobin phase. Of the oxygen consumed by the tissues, approximately 17% was provided by the PFC phase after treatment with Fluosol-DA (20%). Hemodynamic parameters of patients with hemorrhage were either maintained or recovered to normal levels after Fluosol-DA (20%) infusion. No acute or chronic untoward reactions were observed either early or late after infusion of Fluosol-DA (20%), except for a transient decrease in neutrophils and platelets after the initial administration of a test dose of 1 ml, and these parameters recovered spontaneously in 30 minutes. No abnormal findings that could be attributed to Fluosol-DA (20%) were found in the heart, lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys, bone marrow, endocrine system, or other organs. Organ retention of PFC particles was evaluated in 6 autopsy cases in Japan. Although PFCs were detected in many organs several months after a single Fluosol-DA (20%) injection of 20 ml per kilogram of body weight, PFCs were not found in body tissues of those who were autopsied more than 7 months after its infusion. RES function was slightly depressed for a few days in patients receiving 20 ml of Fluosol-DA (20%) per kilogram of body weight. It was also depressed for several days in rats given 40 ml per kilogram of body weight. Compared with that of control patients, recovery to preoperative levels was slightly delayed in patients receiving Fluosol-DA (20%). Despite this, administration of up to 20 ml of Fluosol-DA (20%) per kilogram of body weight should be safe with respect to the RES function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Anemia, Hemolytic↗