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Biomedical subjects

H Ohta

Publications and source records attributed to H Ohta.

At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Transient brain shrinkage in infantile spasms after ACTH treatment. Report of two cases.

This is the report of two cases of infantile spasms, manifesting transient brain shrinkage in computerized tomography (CT) after ACTH treatment. ACTH was given for 8 weeks to a 8-months-old Japanese girl with infantile spasms. First CT performed at 2 weeks after the final ACTH injection, displayed moderate brain shrinkage. Second CT at 4 months showed marked diminution of the shrinkage. ACTH was also given for 8 weeks to a 14 months old Japanese boy with infantile spasms. First CT, just before ACTH treatment, showed mild cortical atrophy, the second at 7 days after the final ACTH injection revealed marked brain shrinkage and moderate ventricular dilatation, and the third at 2 months, disclosed mild improvement of the shrinkage. ACTH or corticoateroid has widespread effects on the developing nervous system. In animal experiments, ACTH or steroids interfere with brain growth of young rats. CT findings of transient brain shrinkage in a child with infantile spasms might suggest that intensive treatment with ACTH or steroids in infancy interferes with brain growth as seen in the results of animal experiments.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1980

Preparation and antigenic properties of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate-bovine serum albumin conjugates having a linkage through the position in ring D.

The preparation and antigenic properties of two different types of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugates in which the hapten is linked to the carrier protein through the C-17 or C-15 position have been described. Antibodies raised against these antigens in rabbits possessed the high affinity (Ka = 1.43 x 10(9)--2.20 x 10(9) M-1) to dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Antiserum elicited by immunization with the hapten-15 beta-BSA conjugate was specific to dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, exhibiting no significant cross-reactivities for other sulfated steroids and no cross-reactions for free steroids and their glucuronides with an exception of 16 alpha-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate (16.8%).

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Some problems in enzyme determination in red cells mainly due to the membrane structure.

For the enzyme assay in red blood cells, three problems related to membrane structure were examined. (1) It was difficult to get full activity of membrane enzymes, especially ATPases. The effects of various buffers and substrates and conditions of preservation were examined. (2) During preservation of blood, phosphofructokinase (PFK) decreased most among 15 enzymes including all glycolytic enzymes. This decrease was prevented by the addition of adenine and inosine which produce ATP inside the cells. After hemolysis, PFK decreased most rapidly, too. ATP prevented the inactivation effectively. (3) after centrifugation, even according to Murphy's method, pyruvate kinase decreased most in the lowest layer of stacked erythrocytes. This might be due to the effect of centrifugation.

Blood Specimen Collection↗
PubMed1980

Metabolic fate of [14C]-ceftizoxime, a parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic, in rats and dogs.

The metabolic fate of (6R,7R)-7-[(Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazoyl)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-a zabicyclo[4,2,0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid (ceftizoxime), a new cephalosporin antibiotic for injection, was investigated in rats and dogs after i.v. dosing. Ceftizoxime was rapidly and widely distributed in the whole body of rats except the brain. The concentrations were high in the serum as well as in the kidneys, liver, lungs, trachea and skin. A small amount of radioactivity passed the placenta. Serum levels of ceftizoxime declined with a half-life of 0.22 h in rats and 0.98 h in dogs. Most of the serum radioactivity was present as unchanged ceftizoxime in dogs. Urinary excretion was rapid and this elimination route was predominant in the two species. Small amounts of metabolites of ceftizoxime were found in the rat urine and bile, however, a major portion of the given dose was excreted in unchanged form. In dogs, ceftizoxime was resistant to metabolic degradation in the body.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Effect of a single dose of glucocorticoid on the diurnal variations of TSH, thyroxine, 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine, 3,3'5'-triiodothyronine and cortisol in normal men.

Plasma thyrotropin (TSH) and cortisol concentrations were suppressed immediately after an intravenous bolus dose of 8 mg betamethasone in 6 male subjects. The circadian variations of these hormones disappeared for 40 hr (TSH) and 44 hr (cortisol). Plasma thyroxine (T4), 3, 5, 3'-triiodothyronine (T3), 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (reverse T3) levels did not show diurnal variations before betamethasone administration. Plasma T3 levels decreased to 66% of the basal levels 20 hr after batamethasone administration, whereas plasma reverse T3 levels increased to 163% of the basal levels at 24 hr. These changes were reversed by 3 to 5 days after betamethasone. The earlier recovery of the diurnal rhythm of TSH than that of cortisol suggests that the TSH rhythm is not under the direct control of circulating cortisol.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Changes in plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in patients with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage (author's transl)].

In 24 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) who were admitted within 48 hours after the onset, the activity of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) in peripheral venous plasma was analyzed applying the method described by Nagatsu and Udenfriend (Clin. Chem., 18: 980-983, 1972) with a minor modification. Plasma samples were serially collected every a few days for three days to four weeks after the onset. DBH activity in peripheral venous plasma increased markedly after the onset, reaching the highest level within 48 hours, and thereafter declined time-dependently for about two weeks. There was no significant difference in the plasma DBH activities on admission between patients with and without cerebrovascular spasm revealed by angiography. The decline of the activity was significantly remarkable in patients with spasm compared with those without spasm. The difference was most prominent around the 7th day after the onset when spasm was shown most frequently. Neurosurgery or administration of analgesics and/or sedatives had little effect on the changes in plasma DBH activity in acute SAH. The activity correlated with the pressure of cerebrospinal fluid (r = 0.587, P less than 0.05), when it was higher than the normal range. With these results we obtained following: 1) The activity of sympathetic nervous system increases following SAH for a week after the onset. 2) The activity declines more rapidly in patients with cerebrovascular spasm than those without spasm, when it was judged from the activity of plasma DBH activity.

Acute Disease↗